影像尿动力学评估先天性膀胱输尿管返流患儿的膀胱功能障碍

目的 采用影像尿动力学评估小儿先天性膀胱输尿管返流(VUR)与膀胱功能障碍的关系.方法 选取2011年4月至2013年7月在郑州大学第一附属医院就诊的67例VUR患儿为研究对象.患儿经影像尿动力学、尿常规、排泄性尿路造影等检查,记录患儿尿路感染、逼尿肌过度活动、逼尿肌括约肌协同失调及VUR程度等情况,根据尿动力学表现的不同分为正常组、单纯逼尿肌过度活动组和逼尿肌括约肌协同失调组(伴或不伴逼尿肌过度活动的逼尿肌括约肌协同失调),另外按照返流级别将患儿分为低级别返流(Ⅰ～Ⅱ度)和高级别返流(Ⅲ～Ⅴ度),分析膀胱功能与VUR侧别、返流程度以及尿路感染的关系.结果 VUR患儿合并膀胱功能异常占73.1％(49/67例),其中膀胱过度活动症占49.3％(33/49例),逼尿肌括约肌协同失调占23.8％(16/49例).单纯膀胱过度活动患儿多为单侧,Ⅰ～Ⅱ度返流,且较少合并尿路感染.而逼尿肌括约肌协同失调的患儿多为双侧,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度返流,且较多见尿路感染.结论 影像尿动力学可以准确诊断VUR,同时对患儿膀胱功能的评估,及临床制定治疗方案提供重要参考.     

Clinical profile of Parkinson's disease in the Gumei community of Minhang district,Shanghai

OBJECTIVE:

We examined the demographic and clinical profiles of Parkinson''s disease in Shanghai, China, to assist in disease management and provide comparative data on Parkinson''s disease prevalence, phenotype, and progression among different regions and ethnic groups.

METHODS:

A door-to-door survey and follow-up clinical examinations identified 180 community-dwelling Han-Chinese Parkinson''s disease patients (104 males, 76 females).

RESULTS:

The average age at onset was 65.16±9.60 years. The most common initial symptom was tremor (112 patients, 62.22%), followed by rigidity (38, 21.11%), bradykinesia (28, 15.56%) and tremor plus rigidity (2, 1.11%). Tremor as the initial symptom usually began in a single limb (83.04% of patients). The average duration from onset to mild Parkinson''s disease (Hoehn-Yahr phase 1–2) was 52.74±45.64 months. Progression from mild to moderate/severe Parkinson''s disease (phase≥3) was significantly slower (87.07±58.72 months; p<0.001), except for patients presenting initially with bradykinesia (53.83±24.49 months). Most patients (149/180, 82.78%) took levodopa with or without other drugs. The Hamilton Anxiety Scale revealed symptoms of clinical anxiety in 35 patients, and the Hamilton Depression Scale revealed depressive symptoms in 88 patients. The depressed or anxious subgroup (123 patients) demonstrated a significantly younger age at onset (55.54±7.68 years) compared with the overall mean (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Unilateral limb tremor was the most common initial symptom, and motor function deteriorated slowly over ≈4−9 years. Earlier-onset patients experience greater psychiatric dysfunction.     

Evaluation of plasma eosinophil count and mean platelet volume in patients with coronary slow flow

OBJECTIVE:

The pathophysiology of coronary slow flow has not been clearly defined, although multiple abnormalities including arteritis, endothelial dysfunction, and atherothrombosis, have been reported. It is known that eosinophils play an important role in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis. We aimed to compare the eosinophil counts of coronary slow flow patients versus healthy controls.

METHODS:

This study included 50 coronary slow flow patients (19 males, mean age 65.6±13.7 years) and 30 healthy controls (10 males, mean age 57.86±11.6 years). These participants were evaluated using concurrent routine biochemical tests as well as neutrophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts and mean platelet volume (MPV), which were obtained from the whole blood count. These parameters were compared between groups.

RESULTS:

The baseline characteristics of the study groups were comparable. The coronary slow flow patients had a higher mean platelet volume and eosinophil count than the control group (8.38±0.86 vs 6.28±1.6 fL and 0.31±0.42 vs 0.09±0.05; p<0.001 and 0.008, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

Our study demonstrated a relationship between eosinophil count and MPV in patients with coronary slow flow.     

The assessment of cardiac autonomic functions in adolescents with a family history of premature atherosclerosis

OBJECTIVES:Subclinical atherosclerosis has been recently detected in adolescents with a family history of premature atherosclerosis. However, no studies in the literature have assessed the cardiac autonomic functions of these adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac autonomic functions of adolescents with a family history of premature atherosclerosis compared with those of age- and gender-matched adolescents without a family history of atherosclerosis.METHOD:We evaluated the cardiac autonomic functions of 36 adolescents with a family history of premature atherosclerosis (Group 1) and compared them with those of 31 age- and gender-matched adolescents whose parents did not have premature atherosclerosis (Group 2). Twenty-four-hour time domain (standard deviation of all normal sinus RR intervals [SDNN], standard deviation of the mean of normal RR intervals in each 5-minute segment [SDANN], root-mean-square differences in successive RR intervals) and frequency domain (very low frequency, low frequency, high frequency, low frequency/high frequency) parameters of heart rate variability were used for the evaluation of cardiac autonomic functions.RESULTS:There were no differences in the time and frequency domain parameters of heart rate variability between the two groups. Heart rate was negatively correlated with SDNN (r = -0.278, p = 0.035), while age was significantly correlated with root-mean-square differences in successive RR intervals, high frequency, low frequency and low frequency/high frequency (r = -0.264, -0.370, 0.265 and 0.374, respectively; p<0.05 for all).CONCLUSION:We found that the cardiac autonomic functions of adolescents with a family history of premature atherosclerosis were not different compared with those of adolescents without a positive family history of premature atherosclerosis. It appears that subclinical atherosclerosis does not reach a critical value such that it can alter cardiac autonomic functions in adolescence.     

Deficiency in endogenous modulation of prolonged heat pain in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Temporomandibular Disorder

Females with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) are characterized by enhanced sensitivity to experimental pain. One possible explanation for this observation is deficiencies in pain modulation systems such as Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Control (DNIC). In a few studies that used brief stimuli, chronic pain patients demonstrate reduced DNIC. The purpose of this study was to compare sensitivity to prolonged heat pain and the efficacy of DNIC in controls to IBS and TMD patients. Heat pain (experimental stimulus; 44.0–49.0 °C), which was applied to left palm, was continuously rated during three 30-s trials across three separate testing sessions under the following conditions: without a conditioning stimulus; during concurrent immersion of the right foot in a 23.0 °C (control); and during noxious cold immersion in a (DNIC; 8.0–16.0 °C) water bath. Compared to controls, IBS and TMD patients reported an increased sensitivity to heat pain and failed to demonstrate pain inhibition due to DNIC. Controls showed a significant reduction in pain during the DNIC session. These findings support the idea that chronic pain patients are not only more pain sensitive but also demonstrate reduced pain inhibition by pain, possibly because of dysfunction of endogenous pain inhibition systems.     

枸杞多糖对糖尿病大鼠阴茎勃起功能障碍的防治作用

目的:观察分析枸杞多糖对糖尿病大鼠阴茎勃起功能障碍的治疗和预防效果。方法:采用枸杞多糖分别对大鼠建立糖尿病模型前后进行预防和治疗,并设立糖尿病组(DM组)和正常对照组,测定各组大鼠尾静脉血血糖变化,观察各组大鼠阴茎勃起情况,电击刺激后检测海绵体内压力(ICP)和平均动脉压(MAP),并检测大鼠阴茎组织NOS活力和NO含量和cG MP水平。结果:DM组、枸杞多糖治疗组、枸杞多糖防治组治疗前后血糖水平、勃起率与正常对照组相比较差异均显著(P0.05),枸杞多糖防治组建模时间、治疗前后血糖水平与枸杞多糖治疗组及DM组相比较差异均显著(P0.05),枸杞多糖防治组治疗后勃起率与DM组相比较差异均显著(P0.05),DM组、枸杞多糖治疗组、枸杞多糖防治组治疗后NOS、NO、cG MP水平ICP及ICP/MAP与正常对照组相比较差异均显著(P0.05),枸杞多糖防治组及枸杞多糖治疗组NOS、NO、cG MP水平、ICP及ICP/MAP与DM组相比较差异均显著(P0.05),枸杞多糖防治组大鼠ICP/MAP与枸杞多糖治疗组相比较差异显著(P0.05)。结论:枸杞多糖具有降低血糖和预防血糖升高的作用,并且对糖尿病大鼠阴茎勃起功能障碍具有明显的防治效果。     

基于“肝藏”理论的疏肝养血法对肝郁血虚ED大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的:基于"肝藏"理论,从血液流变学角度研究疏肝养血法对肝郁血虚ED大鼠的干预作用。方法:选取经交配后证实有正常勃起功能的雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为空白组、模型组、疏肝养血组,每组10只,采用尾部放血和悬吊激惹方法配合低铁饮食制备肝郁血虚勃起功能障碍模型,给以四物汤与逍遥散合方煎剂灌胃14d,取股动脉血液,检测血液流变学指标。结果:与空白组相比,模型组全血黏度切变率、全血还原黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数TK明显升高(P0.01);与模型组相比,疏肝养血组全血黏度切变率、全血还原黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞变形指数TK有所降低(P0.05)。结论:改善血液流变学指标可能是基于"肝藏"理论,疏肝养血法治疗ED的物质基础及作用机制。     

成都市女性性功能障碍的调查与相关因素的探析

目的:对成都市区FSD的患病情况进行调查,并探寻可能对其造成影响的相关因素。方法:以2015年7月至12月于四川大学华西医院健康体检中心进行体检的女性作为调查对象,应用中文版女性性功能指数量表(CVFSFI)及Beck抑郁问卷第二版(BDⅠ-Ⅱ)进行问卷调查,应用SPSS19.0建立数据库进行统计分析。结果:本次研究共发放问卷1237份,回收完整填写问卷1116份(回收率为90.2%)。女性性功能障碍(FSD)的发生率为26.1%,6个维度出现问题的比例由高到低依次为:性交疼痛23.4%,性满意度低22.6%,性高潮障碍21.5%,阴道润滑困难19.1%,性欲低下17.2%,性唤起困难15.9%。总体CVFSFI平均总分为(25.756±3.878)分。CVFSFI总分及6个维度的得分随着年龄的增长而减小。各个年龄组FSD发生率分别为:20~29岁组16.7%;30~39岁组21.9%;40~49岁组24.6%;≥50岁组64.7%。不同年龄组间,FSD发生率及各维度出现问题的比例差异均有统计学意义(P均0.001),且随着年龄的增长有明显的增加。多因素Logistics回归分析显示,受教育(OR=0.654)是FSD的保护因素;年龄(OR=1.042)、BMI(OR=1.073)、绝经(OR=3.498)以及抑郁(OR=1.033)为FSD的危险因素。结论:成都市女性发生性功能障碍的比例约为26.1%,其中性交疼痛和性满意度低为主要表现。分析得出女性发生性功能障碍可能与年龄、BMI较大,受教育水平较低,以及处于绝经、抑郁状态有关。