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51.
Introduction: Nanomedicine has emerged as a major field of academic research with direct impact on human health. While a first generation of products has been successfully commercialized and has significantly contributed to enhance patient’s life, recent advances in material design and the emergence of new therapeutics are contributing to the development of more sophisticated systems. As the field matures, it is important to comprehend the challenges related to nanoparticle commercial development for a more efficient and predictable path to the clinic.

Areas covered: The review provides an overview of nanoparticle-based delivery systems currently on the market and in clinical trials, and discuss the principal challenges for their commercial development, both from a manufacturing and regulatory perspective, to help gain understanding of the translational path for these systems.

Expert opinion: Clinical translation of nanoparticle-based delivery systems remains challenging on account of their 3D nanostructure and requires robust nano-manufacturing process along with adequate analytical tools and methodologies. By identifying early enough in the development the product critical attributes and understanding their impact on the therapeutic performance, the developers of nanopharmaceuticals will be better equipped to develop efficient product pipelines. Second-generation products are expected to broaden nanopharmaceutical global market in the upcoming years.  相似文献   

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Background and aimRecently image-sharing social media platforms have become a popular medium for sharing health-related images and associated information. However within the field of sports medicine, and more specifically sports related concussion, the content of images and meta-data shared through these popular platforms have not been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyse the content of concussion-related images and its accompanying meta-data on image-sharing social media platforms.MethodsWe retrieved 300 images from Pinterest, Instagram and Flickr by using a standardised search strategy. All images were screened and duplicate images were removed. We excluded images if they were: non-static images; illustrations; animations; or screenshots. The content and characteristics of each image was evaluated using a customised coding scheme to determine major content themes, and images were referenced to the current international concussion management guidelines.ResultsFrom 300 potentially relevant images, 176 images were included for analysis; 70 from Pinterest, 63 from Flickr, and 43 from Instagram. Most images were of another person or a scene (64%), with the primary content depicting injured individuals (39%). The primary purposes of the images were to share a concussion-related incident (33%) and to dispense education (19%). For those images where it could be evaluated, the majority (91%) were found to reflect the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool 3 (SCAT3) guidelines.ConclusionsThe ability to rapidly disseminate rich information though photos, images, and infographics to a wide-reaching audience suggests that image-sharing social media platforms could be used as an effective communication tool for sports concussion. Public health strategies could direct educative content to targeted populations via the use of image-sharing platforms. Further research is required to understand how image-sharing platforms can be used to effectively relay evidence-based information to patients and sports medicine clinicians.  相似文献   
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背景 在远离靶器官的组织(如肢体)实施后处理产生保护性信号(即远隔后处理)是提供内源性组织保护的一种措施.目的 综述远隔后处理的心肌保护效应、作用机制和临床应用转化现状.内容 在包括鼠、兔和猪在内的多个种属动物实验研究中,远隔后处理能够明显减轻心肌缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)损伤、组织坏死和细胞凋亡.与远隔预处理一样,远隔后处理需要通过体液或神经信号转导通路传递或交流保护性因子或信号.靶器官保护机制的触发子包括G蛋白耦联受体配体、缺血代谢物和小分子热敏物质.有关远隔后处理改善临床结果或生物标记的临床研究结果令人鼓舞.趋向 与经典缺血预处理和后处理不同,有关远隔后处理心肌保护作用生理或分子机制的研究目前仍显不足.如果进一步的临床研究证实远隔后处理可改善患者的转归,其实践价值将是巨大的.  相似文献   
54.
As people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD) age, it is important that I/DD agencies are prepared to support healthy ageing in homes and in communities. This study explored supports and barriers to sustaining community‐based health and participation initiatives (CBHPI) for people ageing with I/DD living in group homes managed by agencies. The study utilized interviews and photovoice with 70 participants—35 individuals with I/DD and 35 management/direct support agency staff. Data were analysed through content analysis and triangulation of data where five themes emerged: Agency values and policies related to healthy ageing; resources and staff competencies; communication between management and staff; community/university partnerships; and peer relations. Findings show that I/DD agencies and people with I/DD value CBHPI, but they find them difficult to sustain due to limited resources and lack of training specific to ageing with I/DD. Conducting system‐level research within I/DD agencies to include first‐person accounts of people with I/DD, staff and management provides insight on how to effectively support the needs of people with I/DD to improve their health and community participation as they age.  相似文献   
55.
This paper looks at what is lost and gained through the process of translating international policy from a global to a local space. It does this by sharing results from a multisite ethnographic study of gender practices in foreign-funded South African health organisations. This study identifies a number of tactics used by practitioners to deal with the funding constraints and unique knowledge systems that characterise local spaces, including: using policy to appeal to donors; merging gender with better resourced programmes; and redirecting funding allocations. These tactics point to how practitioners are adopting, manipulating and transforming international policies in order to suit their everyday working realities.  相似文献   
56.
ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of implementing an interdisciplinary, multifaceted knowledge translation intervention within long-term care (LTC) and to identify any challenges that should be considered in designing future studies.DesignCluster randomized controlled trial.SettingForty LTC homes across the province of Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsLTC teams composed of physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other staff.MeasurementsCluster-level feasibility measures, including recruitment, retention, data completion, and participation in the intervention. A process evaluation was completed by directors of care indicating which process/policy changes had been implemented.ResultsRecruitment and retention rates were 22% and 63%, respectively. Good fidelity with the intervention was achieved, including attendance at educational meetings. After ViDOS, 7 process indicators were being newly implemented by more than 50% of active intervention homes.ConclusionDespite recruitment and retention challenges, the multifaceted intervention produced a number of policy/process changes and had good intervention fidelity. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01398527.  相似文献   
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There is currently no reliable and valid multidimensional instrument for measuring psychological symptoms among Japanese university students. The purpose of this pilot study was to translate the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Symptoms‐62 (CCAPS‐62) into Japanese and evaluate its validity and reliability. Following robust translation procedures, the CCAPS‐Japanese was created. In the validation study, 2,758 undergraduate students from 11 universities (mean age = 19.08 ± 1.85 years) completed the CCAPS‐Japanese. The results of confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretical eight‐factor structure model of the CCAPS‐Japanese with the exclusion of seven items. The decision to retain/remove items was made by evaluating factor loadings and model fit indices while considering cultural equivalence and structural validity. Using the finalized 55‐item CCAPS‐Japanese, further analyses demonstrated that the eight subscales had acceptable to good internal consistencies (α = .61–.89). Thus, the tool's validity and reliability were established. The CCAPS‐Japanese may be appropriate for assessing the psychological concerns of Japanese university students.  相似文献   
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