调神止痛法针刺治疗枕神经痛疗效观察

目的观察调神止痛法针刺治疗枕神经痛的疗效。方法以调神止痛法针刺治疗枕神经痛30例,并与常规针刺法治疗30例进行对照,观察两组疗效及对疼痛指数的影响。结果与结论观察组总有效率为93.3%,对照组为76.7%,观察组疗效明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组止痛效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。     

Asperger''s Syndrome: Evidence of an Empirical Distinction from High-Functioning Autism

This study compared the neuropsychological profiles of individuals with high-functioning autism (HFA) and Asperger's syndrome (AS). In comparison with matched controls, both groups were impaired on executive function tests. Only the HFA group demonstrated deficits in theory of mind and verbal memory, performing more poorly than both controls and AS subjects. These results suggest that: (1) HFA and AS are empirically distinguishable on measures independent of diagnostic criteria, and (2) impairment on theory of mind measures is not universally found among individuals with autistic spectrum conditions. The primacy of executive function and theory of mind deficits to autism is discussed.     

Theory of Mind in Children with Autistic Disorder: Evidence of Developmental Progression and the Role of Verbal Ability

Abstract— The present study investigated theory of mind in two groups of autistic children with markedly different verbal mental ages but comparable nonverbal ability and chronological ages, using a range of theory of mind belief tasks. The aims were to look for evidence of developmental progression of theory of mind ability in autistic children and to examine the role played by verbal ability in task performance. The results showed hierarchical patterns of performance across tasks, suggesting a developmental sequence of emerging aspects of theory of mind ability. There was clear evidence that verbal ability is an important contributor to successful task performance.     

Abnormalities of brain function during a nonverbal theory of mind task in schizophrenia

Theory of mind (ToM), the specific ability to attribute thoughts and feelings to oneself and others is generally impaired in schizophrenia. Previous studies demonstrated a deficit of the attribution of intentions to others among patients having formal thought disorder. During nonverbal tasks, such a function requires both the visual perception of human figures and the understanding of their intentions. These processes are considered to involve the superior temporal sulcus and the medial prefrontal cortex, respectively. Are the functional patterns of activation associated with those processes abnormal in schizophrenia? Seven schizophrenic patients on medication performed a nonverbal attribution of intentions task as well as two matched physical logic tasks, with and without human figures, while H2O15 PET-scanning was performed. Data from the patients were compared to those of eight healthy controls matched for verbal IQ and sex. The experimental design allowed dissociating the effect of the perception of human figures from that of the attribution of intentions. During attribution of intentions, significant activations in the right prefrontal cortex were detected in the control subjects. Those activations were not found in the schizophrenic group. However, in both groups, the perception of human figure elicited bilateral activation of the occipitotemporal regions and of the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus. Schizophrenic patients performing a nonverbal attribution of intentions task have an abnormal cerebral activity.     

Asperger综合征儿童的心理理论研究

目的 对Asperger综合征儿童进行心理理论研究。方法 采用心理理论测题（包括表情理解题、有情节的虚假信念题和无情节的虚假信念题）对Asperger综合征儿童和幼儿及正常儿童和幼儿进行测试。结果 在表情理解题目中，Asperger幼儿组通过率（59％）明显低于正常幼儿组（85％）；在有情节和无情节的虚假信念测题中，Asperger幼儿组通过率（41％，9％）和儿童组的通过率（78％，61％）亦分别低于正常幼儿组（72％、40％）和儿童组（100％、97％），差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论 Asperger综合征患儿具有心理理论方面的障碍。     

对中医药学术发展思路的思考

学术性是中医药学存在的基础与发展的根基,本文试从重视中医药学术传承、促进中医药学术发展,紧密联系临床实践、夯实学术立足之本,加强科研创新工作,积极倡导学术自由,衔接学术产业链条、反哺中医药学术发展等4个方面就促进中医药学术的发展思路进行了系统阐述。     

心理治疗对分裂样精神病的效果分析

目的：分析心理治疗与常规药物治疗在分裂样精神病康复过程中的治疗效果。方法将30例分裂样精神病随机分成2组，A组15例为精神病药物合并心理治疗的观察组，B组15例为单一药物治疗的对照组。结果 30例患者治疗前、后，出院一年后随访，三个阶段经BPRS、SDS、SANS、SAPS评分比较，观察组、对照组统计学显示有显著差异（P〈0．01），观察组缓解14例（93．3％），1例一年随访后复发（6．7％），平均住院日43天。对照组缓解9例（60％）、一年内随访复发6例（40％），平均住院日50天。结论 分裂样精神病患者在使用药物治疗的同时，开展与之相适应的心理治疗，初步的研究显示是促进患者康复的有效的方法，并提高对负性因素的应对能力，干预并减轻精神病的阳性症状，服药的依从性好，复发率低，特别是为精神活动的康复打好基础。     

安神疏肝法在胃肠神经官能症中的应用

目的观察安神疏肝法治疗胃肠神经官能症的临床疗效.方法以安神疏肝为治疗大法,选神门、内关、足三里、太冲为主穴,并随症加减配穴治疗本病30例,观察疗效.结果痊愈12例,好转18例,总有效率为100%.结论安神疏肝法治疗本病疗效满意,达到了异病同治,治病求本的目的.     

The Strange Stories test

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of 21 children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome (AS) of normal intelligence to infer mental states in a story context using Happés [15] Strange Stories test. The participants in the AS group were compared with an age-matched control group (N=20) of normally developing children and adolescents on a test of social understanding. The test material comprised social communication such as Pretence, Joke, Lie, White Lie, Figure of Speech, Misunderstanding, Persuasion, Irony, Double Bluff and Contrary Emotions, Appearance/Reality and Forgetting. As compared to the controls, the participants in the AS group performed less well on these tasks, and answered fewer correct mental state inferences, but performed well on a physical state control task. This study supports the main finding of earlier studies, showing that even individuals with AS of normal intelligence have problems in using mental state terms context-appropriately when tested on the Strange Stories test.     

Emanuel Miller lecture: confusions and controversies about Asperger syndrome

BACKGROUND: Hans Asperger drew attention to individuals who show the core symptoms of autism in the presence of high verbal intelligence. METHODS: A review of the literature explores current issues concerning the diagnosis and nature of Asperger syndrome. RESULTS: The behavioural and neurophysiological evidence to date suggests that Asperger syndrome is a variant of autism typically occurring in high-functioning individuals, and not a separate disorder. One of the problems of diagnosis is that the typical impairment of social communication may be difficult to identify in early childhood, and can be camouflaged in adulthood by compensatory learning. The range and nature of the social impairments in Asperger syndrome are still in need of investigation, but appear to be less severe than in autism. Experimental evidence suggests that individuals with Asperger syndrome may lack an intuitive theory of mind (mentalising), but may be able to acquire an explicit theory of mind. Brain imaging studies pinpoint a network that links medial prefrontal and temporal cortex as the neural substrate of intuitive mentalising. This network shows reduced activation and poor connectivity in Asperger syndrome. While some individuals with Asperger syndrome have written eloquently about their lives, their ability to talk about their own emotions appears to be impaired (alexithymia). This impairment may be linked to depression and anxiety, which is common in adulthood. Little is as yet known about the often considerable cognitive strengths in Asperger syndrome, or about the difficulties observed in higher-level executive skills. CONCLUSIONS: Studies are needed that define the developmental course of the disorder and the nature of the strengths and weaknesses in both social and non-social domains. This requires more sensitive assessment instruments than are currently available. Questions about the prevalence of Asperger syndrome, about associated and secondary features, and about optimal education and management, urgently call for such studies.