镜像视觉反馈和肌电生物反馈对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的影响

目的研究镜像视觉反馈(MVF)、任务导向训练和肌电生物反馈(EMGBF)对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的恢复的作用。方法 90例脑卒中偏瘫患者采用随机数字表法分为对照组(n=30)、EMGBF组(n=30)和MVF组(n=30)。所有患者均接受常规康复治疗和任务导向性训练,EMGBF组在此基础上加EMGBF,MVF组在EMGBF组的基础上加MVF,共8周。治疗前后进行Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定(FMA)、Carroll手功能评定(UEFT),并测定偏瘫上肢相关肌电积分。结果治疗后,所有患者上肢FMA评分,UEFT评级和上肢肌肉肌电积分均较治疗前改善(P0.05)。组间比较,EMGBF组各项指标均优于对照组(P0.05),MVF组优于其他两组(P0.05)。结论镜像视觉反馈结合肌电生物反馈可以更有效地促进脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢功能的改善。     

伴发脑病的成人全面性癫癎电一临床分析

目的对伴发脑病的全面性癫癎成年病人作电生理学与临床症状学分析。方法：入选标准：①18岁以上明确诊断全面性癫癎的患者;②行简易智能精神状态检查量表（MMSE）及日常生活活动能力量表（ADL）检查明确有精神发育迟滞及不同程度残障的癫癎患者,进行了长时间视频脑电图＋肌电多导仪（以下简称长时间V-EEG＋EMG多导仪）监测,记录间歇期EEG及发作时同步V—EEG＋EMG。结果：符合条件的6例患者共记录到64次临床发作：轴肌强直发作19次,短暂性强直发作8次,不典型失神发作1次,全面性强直阵挛发作2次,全面性强直阵挛发作2次,轴肌肌阵挛发作20次,眼睑肌阵挛10次,右侧上肢肌阵挛发作1次,无法分类的发作1次。6例患者中有5例为中度,1例为重度精神发育迟滞。结论：年龄依赖性癫癎性脑病患者发病早期的诊断及癫癎发作分型并进行长期的电生理学临床症状学随访到成年是必要的。     

Limb motor nerve dysfunction in Miller Fisher syndrome

Typical Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) lacks limb muscle weakness, but some patients may unpredictably progress to severe Guillain‐Barré syndrome. The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) scan is a recently developed non‐invasive, painless, and reproducible method for detecting early changes in motor nerve excitability. This technique was used to monitor subclinical limb motor nerve dysfunction during disease course in typical MFS. Three Miller Fisher patients with preserved limb muscle strength and normal routine nerve conduction studies were included. Frequent serial CMAP scanning of the median nerve was performed during acute phase and follow‐up and was related to clinical course and outcome. All patients showed an abnormal increase in the range of stimulus intensities at the day of hospital admission, indicating reduced motor nerve excitability already at the earliest stage of disease. Median nerve dysfunction progressed in parallel or even before clinical deterioration, and improved with clinical recovery. Our study shows that typical MFS is a more general neuropathy, affecting peripheral motor nerves even in patients with preserved limb strength and conduction velocity. CMAP scanning is a sensitive technique for early detection of subclinical motor nerve dysfunction and for monitoring disease activity in immune‐mediated neuropathies.     

First,Do No Harm: Adverse Effects and the Need for Practice Standards in Neurofeedback

Adverse and iatrogenic effects associated with psychotherapy have been substantiated in research for more than 40 years. Controlled research also exists in the field of neurofeedback (electroencephalographic biofeedback) that documents that negative effects can occur from inappropriate training. This article presents accumulating evidence, taken directly from acknowledgments by neurofeedback practitioners of the existence of both transient side effects and of more serious adverse reactions that have occurred. Unlicensed and unqualified practitioners pose a risk to the public and to the integrity and future of the profession. It is vitally important that both professionals and professional societies emphasize standards of practice and that the public be protected from individuals seeking to use neurofeedback to work with medical, psychiatric, and psychological conditions for which they are not qualified and licensed to work. Some in the field propose pursuing biofeedback or psychophysiology licensure as a means to establish standards of practice and address ethical concerns. This is a reasonable option to consider, although it may take many years to implement in various states. In the meantime it is vitally important that individuals offering neurofeedback services for clinical diagnostic conditions be licensed to lawfully provide services for such conditions.     

多功能上肢假肢的研究进展

随着现代工程技术与医学技术的不断改进和创新,多功能假肢的研究越来越受到重视,在现代运动康复医学中占有重要的地位。假肢的仿生控制,尤其是如何采用使用者自身的信号,灵活有效地控制上肢假肢,一直是假肢技术研究的热点问题之一,而运用此方法选取合适的控制信号源尤为重要。目前有多种关于多功能假肢的仿生控制信号的研究,从肌电信号控制、脑电信号控制、语音信号控制以及周围神经信号控制4个方面论述多功能上肢假肢的研究现状和进展。     

Neuromuscular transmission in hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Many studies have focused on the systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but none has examined neuromuscular junction transmission (NMT). We evaluated NMT dysfunction using single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) in patients with COPD. Twenty patients with COPD and 20 age-matched healthy controls were included in the study. All patients and controls underwent SFEMG. Abnormal NMT was found in seven of 20 patients (35%), but in none of the control subjects. The COPD patients were subgrouped according to the presence of hypoxemia. The patients with normoxemia were classified as Group 1, and the patients with hypoxemia were classified as Group 2. Abnormal NMT was found in six patients in Group 2 and in one in Group 1. While there was significant difference in terms of abnormal NMT between Group 2 and the controls, there was none between Group 1 and the controls. Our results show that NMT abnormalities can be present in hypoxemic patients with COPD.     

An assessment of the usefulness of jaw kinesiography in monitoring temporomandibular disorders: Correlation of treatment-related kinesiographic and pain changes in patients receiving temporomandibular joint injections

BackgroundThe authors conducted a study in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis to assess whether treatment-related changes in pain levels and chewing ability coincide with a change in jaw kinesiographic (KG) parameters.MethodsThe authors selected 34 patients with a diagnosis of TMJ osteoarthritis that met Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) to undergo a cycle of five weekly arthrocentesis procedures with injections of 1 milliliter hyaluronic acid. They performed a permutation test to assess the correlation between changes across time (from baseline to end of treatment) in two clinical outcome parameters—pain level and chewing ability—and changes across time in the KG outcome parameters.ResultsThe authors observed improvement across time in both chewing ability (F = 8.328; P = .005) and pain level (F = 10.903; P = .002). The authors observed no significant changes in any KG variables. With minor exceptions, no significant correlations were shown between changes in the clinical and KG parameters during the treatment period.ConclusionsTreatment-related changes in pain levels and chewing ability in patients with TMJ osteoarthritis do not coincide with changes in KG parameters.Practical ImplicationsIf one assumes pain variables to be the primary outcome measures in assessing treatment of TMJ osteoarthritis, KG recordings of the jaw are not useful for monitoring TMJ osteoarthritis in the clinical setting.