扶正解毒通络法治疗糖尿病足

目的观察扶正解毒通络法治疗糖尿病足(气血亏虚、湿毒内蕴证)患者的临床疗效。方法将90例糖尿病足(WagnerⅡ级或Ⅲ级),中医辨证属气血亏虚、湿毒内蕴证的患者随机均分成3组。其中治疗组A 30例,治疗组B 30例,对照组 30例。对照组予以西医内科常规治疗和蚕食清创,治疗组A在对照组基础上联用扶正解毒、通络生肌膏外用,治疗组B在治疗组A基础上内服中药汤剂。对比3组患者治疗前后中医证候积分、ABI、TcPO2、CRP、ALB、感觉阈值、创面面积等变化。4周为1个疗程,共治疗3个疗程。结果单纯西医内科常规治疗和蚕食清创的对照组临床总有效率为66.7%,加用中药膏外用的治疗组A临床总有效率83.3%;而内服汤药联合外用膏药治疗组B临床总有效率为90.0%,治疗组疗效明显优于对照组。3组治疗前后中医证候积分、ABI、CRP、ALB、感觉阈值、创面面积变化均有明显差异,治疗组明显优于对照组。治疗组均未出现不良反应。结论中药内外联用治疗糖尿病足(WagnerⅡ级或Ⅲ级)气血亏虚、湿毒内蕴证者疗效显著,在改善患者临床症状、创面面积及下肢循环、神经损伤等方面较单纯中医外治和单纯西医常规治疗疗效确切。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性期合并肺结核感染的治疗方法及其疗效探讨

目的：探讨老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive lung disease，COPD)急性期合并肺结核感染的治疗方法及其疗效。方法：选取2014年2月至2016年2月我院收治的老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性期合并肺结核感染的患者92例，根据治疗方式随机分为治疗组和对照组，对照组给予COPD对症支持治疗和抗肺结核治疗，治疗组在对照组基础上加用痰热清，比较两组患者治疗有效率、痰培养阴转率以及肝肾损害情况的差异。结果：治疗组患者治疗后痰培养阴转率(36例，85.71%)与对照组(41例，82.0%)的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者治疗后的症状积分均低于治疗前，且差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05)，治疗组治疗后的症状积分(85.62±11.37)低于对照组(91.25±12.38)，且差异具有统计学差异(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后痊愈2例(4.76%)，显效26例(61.90%)，有效10例(23.81%)，无效4例(9.52%)；对照组治疗后痊愈1例(2.0%)，显效17例(34.0%)，有效22例(44.0%)，无效10例(20.0%)；治疗组治疗疗效明显优于对照组，且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后发生肝肾损害14例，对照组11例，两组患者治疗后肝肾损害发生率的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：在不影响痰培养阴转率和不加重肝肾负担的情况下，老年COPD急性期合并肺结核感染患者接受一般性治疗的同时进行中医治疗，其疗效更为显著。     

Progress in the retrograde approach for chronic total coronary artery occlusion

After the introduction of the retrograde approach in percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion (CTO), different kinds of strategies and techniques have been developed in order to achieve final success. However, it has not been fully demonstrated whether these strategies and techniques can really improve the final result. We observed one case, for which the initial attempt of the retrograde approach for a CTO lesion was unsuccessful despite the successful approach of a retrograde guidewire to the lesion, and with the second retrograde approach 3 years later being eventually successful by using various kinds of strategies and techniques. This case clearly demonstrates how the final success through the retrograde approach can be achieved by using a combination of the improved strategies and techniques for CTO lesions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Novel percutaneous catheter thrombectomy in acute massive pulmonary embolism: rotational bidirectional thrombectomy (ROBOT).

BACKGROUND: Although thrombolysis is a standard therapy in cases of pulmonary embolism (PE), fatal outcome is often observed. We designed and investigated the efficacy of a novel percutaneous catheter therapy, rotational bidirectional thrombectomy (ROBOT), for PE. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighteen patients with acute massive PE (Miller score > or = 20) were included in this study. We separated them into two groups [group A (n = 10), thrombolysis; group B (n = 8): thrombolysis and ROBOT or ROBOT alone]. There was no difference in the hemodynamic indices between the groups at diagnosis. ROBOT was designed to fragment emboli by rotating a regular pigtail catheter. Three deaths occurred in group A because of hemodynamic impairment, but there was no death in group B. One day after treatment, systolic pulmonary artery pressure had decreased from 53 +/- 8 to 30 +/- 8 mm Hg (P < 0.05) in group B and from 54 +/- 5 to 42 +/- 19 mm Hg (NS) in group A. The hospitalization period in group B was shorter than that in group A (17 +/- 6 vs. 27 +/- 10 days, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ROBOT therapy results in a significant, rapid improvement in the hemodynamic situation and in a better outcome than conventional therapy in patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism.     

疏肝通络方治疗糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝临床研究

目的：观察疏肝通络方治疗糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝（ NAFLD ）的临床疗效。方法将120例糖尿病合并NAFLD的患者随机分为治疗组60例、对照组60例,在控制血糖的基础上,对照组采用健康教育、改变生活方式等措施治疗,治疗组在上述基础上加用疏肝通络方口服。结果治疗组60例中,完全缓解5例（8．33％）,显效31例（51．67％）,有效17例（28．33％）,无效7例（11.67％）,总有效率为88．33％;对照组59例中,完全缓解2例（3．39％）,显效12例（20．34％）,有效16例（27．12％）,无效29例（49．15％）,总有效率为50．85％。经Ridit分析,U＝－5．122, P＜0．001,说明治疗组总体疗效优于对照组。2组中医症状积分治疗后较本组治疗前均降低（ P＜0.01）,治疗组较对照组降低更明显（P＜0．05）,说明治疗组优于对照组。2组ALT,AST,TG,TC, LDL-C治疗后均较本组治疗前均降低（P＜0．05,P＜0．01）,治疗组ALT,AST,TG,TC,LDL-C较对照组降低明显（P＜0．05）。 BMI治疗组较治疗前降低（P＜0．01）,对照组治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论疏肝通络方治疗糖尿病合并NAFLD具有较好的疗效。     

Anterior ischemic stroke: Comparison of two clinical outcome prediction scores through the investigation of cerebral collaterals using multiphase CT angiography

PurposeTo compare the evaluation of collaterals on multiphase computed tomography (CT) angiography using the score proposed by the reference study by Menon et al. and the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT (ASPECT) score for the prediction of favorable clinical outcome in patients with anterior ischemic stroke (IS).Materials and methodsRetrospective single center study including 199 patients with anterior ischemic stroke and evaluated using multiphase CT angiography. Collaterals were assessed using the reference score and ASPECT score. The early clinical outcome [National Institute of Health Stroke Score (NIHSS) over day 1] and later clinical outcome [90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS)] were collected. The primary analysis related to the association between collateral scores and clinical outcome.ResultsCollaterals are an independent predictive factor of favorable clinical outcome with the two scores, ranging from an odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.84 [1.23; 2.76], P = 0.003 for the reference score to an OR [95% CI] = 2.63 [1.21; 5.73], p = 0.015 for the phase 3 ASPECT score. The phase 3 ASPECT score offers better sensitivity (Se) for the prediction of a favorable clinical outcome [Se = 95%, specificity (Sp) = 37% for a threshold of 7/7] than the reference score (Se = 83%, Sp = 47% for a threshold of 4/5).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the value of the ASPECT score in analyzing collaterals using multiphase CT angiography for the prediction of clinical outcome.     

DSC perfusion-based collateral imaging and quantitative T2 mapping to assess regional recruitment of leptomeningeal collaterals and microstructural cortical tissue damage in unilateral steno-occlusive vasculopathy

Leptomeningeal collateral supply is considered pivotal in steno-occlusive vasculopathy to prevent chronic microstructural ischaemic tissue damage. The aim of this study was to assess the alleged protective role of leptomeningeal collaterals in patients with unilateral high-grade steno-occlusive vasculopathy using quantitative (q)T2 mapping and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI)-based collateral abundance. High-resolution qT2 was used to estimate microstructural damage of the segmented normal-appearing cortex. Volumetric abundance of collaterals was assessed based on PWI source data. The ratio relative cerebral blood flow/relative cerebral blood volume (rCBF/rCBV) as a surrogate of relative cerebral perfusion pressure (rCPP) was used to investigate the intravascular hemodynamic competency of pial collateral vessels and the hemodynamic state of brain parenchyma. Within the dependent vascular territory with increased cortical qT2 values (P = 0.0001) compared to the contralateral side, parenchymal rCPP was decreased (P = 0.0001) and correlated negatively with increase of qT2 (P  < 0.05). Furthermore, volumetric abundance of adjacent leptomeningeal collaterals was significantly increased (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with changes of parenchymal rCPP (P = 0.01). Microstructural cortical damage is closely related to restrictions of antegrade blood flow despite increased pial collateral vessel abundance. Therefore, increased leptomeningeal collateral supply cannot necessarily be regarded as a sign of effective compensation in patients with high-grade steno-occlusive vasculopathy.     

李庆海从络、脾、肾治疗心悸

李庆海教授在临床中主张心悸治络、心悸醒脾、心悸治肾。心悸治络:对因虚致心悸者,用益气养血充络之法,气足则血旺而运行有力,血足则络得充养而心神得藏。常用黄芪、人参、阿胶。大剂量黄芪益气养血,补扶虚损。心悸醒脾:脾喜燥而恶湿,土爱暖而喜芳香,通过温里、补益、芳香等药物醒脾、健脾、运脾,醒复脾之神机。常用脾脏第一要药白术,配合人参、炙甘草、茯苓益气健脾。心悸治肾:治疗反复发作久治不愈的心悸时,从肾着手,予滋肾填精、温肾助阳药治之,常用熟地黄,山萸肉、巴戟天。     

Morphology of the olivocerebellar projection of the chick: An axonal reconstruction study

The projection pattern of the olivocerebellar (OC) axons, which terminate mainly as climbing fibers (CFs) in the cerebellar cortex, tightly reflects the compartmental and developmental organization of the cerebellum as revealed by mapping and reconstruction studies in the rat. The avian cerebellum is well lobulated and longitudinally compartmentalized like the mammalian cerebellum. However, the projection pattern of the OC axons has not been studied in detail for most areas of the avian cerebellum. In the present study, we reconstructed labeled chick OC axons resulting from a small focal injection of biotinylated dextran amine into the inferior olive to investigate their morphological characteristics, and to determine their relationship to the general morphology of the chick cerebellum. Labeled CFs were distributed basically in a single longitudinally elongated narrow band‐shaped area in lobules I–VIII, but in multiple, transversely widened, band‐shaped areas in lobules IX–X. Three of the four reconstructed OC axons terminated in a single longitudinally band‐shaped area in lobules IXa–c, whereas the other one terminated in multiple mediolaterally separated areas in lobule IXc, which is part of the flocculus. Single OC axons branched into 14 CFs on average. Two CFs occasionally merged to form a single terminal arbor. Axons also had thin, non‐CF collaterals that projected either to a cerebellar nucleus or to the cortex. The results indicate that the morphological characteristics of OC axons, including branching and termination, are basically conserved between the chick and the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3321–3339, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Assessment of leptomeningeal collaterals using dynamic CT angiography in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Whole-brain dynamic time-resolved computed tomography angiography (CTA) is a technique developed on the new 320-detector row CT scanner capable of generating time-resolved cerebral angiograms from skull base to vertex. Unlike a conventional cerebral angiogram, this technique visualizes pial arterial filling in all vascular territories, thereby providing additional hemodynamic information. Ours was a retrospective study of consecutive patients with ischemic stroke and M1 middle cerebral artery +/−intracranial internal carotid artery occlusions presenting to our center from June 2010 and undergoing dynamic time-resolved CTA and perfusion CT within 6 hours of symptom onset. Leptomeningeal collateral status was assessed by determining relative prominence of pial arteries in the ischemic region, rate and extent of retrograde flow, and various topographical patterns of pial arterial filling. Twenty-five patients were included in the study. We demonstrate the existence of the following novel properties of leptomeningeal collaterals in humans: (a) posterior (posterior cerebral artery (PCA)–MCA) dominant collateralization, (b) intra-territorial ‘within MCA region'' leptomeningeal collaterals, and (c) significant variability in size, extent, and retrograde filling time in pial arteries. We also describe a simple and reliable collateral grading template that, for the first time on dynamic CTA, incorporates back-filling time as well as size and extent of collateral filling.