脂联素受体的表达与调节

脂联素受体1在骨骼肌中有丰富表达,而脂联素受体2主要在肝中表达。另外,两种脂联素受体也在胰岛β细胞、脂肪组织、单核细胞、巨噬细胞、成骨细胞、心肌组织和胎盘组织中表达。生长激素、胰岛素以及过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体(PPAR)α、PPARγ和肝X受体激动剂等可影响脂联素受体的表达。研究脂联素受体在不同组织、细胞中的表达与调节可了解其组织特异性作用。     

Sodium salicylate has no effect on cerebrospinal fluid [H+] in dogs with normal acid-base balance

The experiments described here were designed to investigate the possibility that central stimulation of respiration by salicylates may be due to changes in [H⁺] of cerebral fluids. Two groups (n=6 in each) of anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated dogs were studied for 6 hr. Renal pedicles were ligated to maintain blood salicylate level constant. Group II received 150 mg/kg Na salicylate intravenously at 0 hr after samples had been obtained. Group I (control) received equal volume of half-normal saline. Mean plasma salicylate levels were 18.9, 18.4, and 19.6 mg % at 0.5, 3, and 6 hr after administration of Na salicylate. Respective cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels were 3.2, 4.8, and 5.9 mg %. Salicylate-induced hyperthermia was prevented by peritoneal cold dialysis, and a rise in PaCO₂ was prevented by increasing ventilation. During the 6 hr of relatively normal systemic acid-base balance, cisternal CSF mean PCO₂ values were 45.3, 43.6, and 49.3 mm Hg at 0, 3, and 6 hr in the control group; in group II, respective values were 46.9, 45.7, and 47.7 mm Hg. Cisternal CSF [H⁺] were 44.4, 45.2, and 50.5 nEq/L in group I at 0, 3, and 6 hr. Respective values in group II were 45.0, 47.5, and 50.6 nEq/L. These values were similar and statistically insignificant from those in group I. In both groups cisternal CSF [HCO ₃ ⁻ ] fell about 2 and CSF lactate concentration rose about 1 mEq/L at 6 hr. We conclude that at the dose used in the present study, Na salicylate increases metabolic rate but does not significantly influence cisternal CSF [H⁺] up to 6 hr in dogs with normal systemic acid-base balance.     

医务人员对卫生技术评估的认知分析

为了解医务人员对卫生技术评估的认知,采用现场问卷调查与访谈相结合的方法,对山西省三级综合类医院的医务人员进行调查,从卫生技术评估知晓度、接受培训的意愿、支持意愿、知识获取渠道、期待的职能等方面对结果进行分析,在此基础上指出存在的问题并提出发展建议。     

The Protective Role of Resilience in Attenuating Emotional Distress and Aggression Associated with Early-life Stress in Young Enlisted Military Service Candidates

Early life stress (ELS) may induce long-lasting psychological complications in adulthood. The protective role of resilience against the development of psychopathology is also important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among ELS, resilience, depression, anxiety, and aggression in young adults. Four hundred sixty-one army inductees gave written informed consent and participated in this study. We assessed psychopathology using the Korea Military Personality Test, ELS using the Childhood Abuse Experience Scale, and resilience with the resilience scale. Analyses of variance, correlation analyses, and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were conducted for statistical analyses. The regression model explained 35.8%, 41.0%, and 23.3% of the total variance in the depression, anxiety, and aggression indices, respectively. We can find that even though ELS experience is positively associated with depression, anxiety, and aggression, resilience may have significant attenuating effect against the ELS effect on severity of these psychopathologies. Emotion regulation showed the most beneficial effect among resilience factors on reducing severity of psychopathologies. To improve mental health for young adults, ELS assessment and resilience enhancement program should be considered.     

Experimental Referred Pain Extends Toward Previously Injured Location: An Explorative Study

Facilitated pain mechanisms have been demonstrated in musculoskeletal pain, but it is unclear whether a recent painful injury leaves the pain system sensitized. Pain characteristics were assessed in individuals who recently recovered from ankle pain (recovered pain group; n?=?25) and sex-matched control subjects (n?=?25) in response to tonic pressure pain and saline-induced pain applied at the shin muscle. Pain intensity and pain referral patterns were recorded bilaterally after the painful muscle stimulus. Pressure pain thresholds were measured at the lower legs and shoulder. Cuff pressure algometry on the lower leg was used to assess pain detection threshold, pressure evoking 6-cm pain score on a 10-cm visual analog scale, pain tolerance, temporal summation of pain, and conditioned pain modulation. Compared with in control subjects, saline-induced and pressure-induced pain in the shin muscle were more frequently felt as referred pain in the previously painful ankle (P < .05), and the pain area within the previously affected ankle was larger after saline-induced pain (P < .05). In the recovered pain group, conditioned pain modulation responses and the cuff pressure needed to reach a 6-cm pain score on a 10-cm visual analog scale was higher in the previously painful leg compared with in the contralateral leg (P < .05). No group differences were found in pressure pain threshold, pain detection threshold, pain tolerance, and temporal summation of pain.

Swiss popular initiative for a single health insurer… once again!

The article describes a recent Swiss popular initiative, aiming to replace the current system of statutory health insurance run by 61 competing private insurers with a new system run by a single public insurer. Despite the rejection of the initiative by 62% of voters in late September 2014, the campaign and ballot results are interesting because they show the importance of (effective) public communication in shaping the outcome of a popular ballot. The relevance of the Swiss case goes beyond the peculiarities of its federalism and direct democracy and might be useful for other countries debating the pros and cons of national unitary health insurance systems versus models using multiple insurers.After this electoral ballot, the project to establish a public sickness fund in Switzerland seems definitely stopped, at least for the next decade. Insurers, who opposed the initiative, have effectively fed the “fear of change” of the population and have stressed the good outcomes of the Swiss healthcare system.However, the political pressure favoured by the popular initiative opened a “windows of opportunity” and led the federal Parliament to pass a stricter regulation of health insurers, improving in this way the current system.