牛黄系列药材化学成分比较及其药理作用研究概况

目的探讨牛黄系列药材化学成分及其药理作用的研究概况。方法检索近几年有关牛黄系列药材化学成分及其药理作用的研究资料。结果与结论牛黄系列药材即天然牛黄、培植牛黄、体外培育牛黄与人工牛黄的化学成分主要为胆红素与胆汁酸类,其在中枢神经系统、心血管及血液循环系统、消化系统、呼吸系统及免疫系统等方面具有解热镇痛、降压、抗炎、抗氧化、清除自由基、提高免疫力等作用。     

白萝卜提取物促胃动力作用机制

目的探讨白萝卜提取物（Raphanus sativus L extract，Ecr）促胃肠动力作用机制。方法20只SD大鼠随机分为A（Ecr）组、B（0．9％氯化钠对照）组，分别灌服Ecr和等体积0．9％氯化钠，1h后，免疫组织化学方法和放免法分别观察胃电起搏区P物质（SP）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）表达的变化。结果sP免疫阳性神经及产物的表达明显增加（P〈0．05）；CGRP免疫阳性神经及产物的表达明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论白萝卜提取物的促胃肠动力作用可能与局部及血浆中SP、CGRP量的变化有密切关系。     

Hypotensive effect of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and its constituents,safranal and crocin,in normotensive and hypertensive rats

In this study, the effects of saffron (Crocus sativus) stigma aqueous extract and two active constituents, crocin and safranal, were investigated on blood pressure of normotensive and desoxycorticosterone acetate‐induced hypertensive rats. Three doses of crocin (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg), safranal (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and the aqueous extract (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) were administered intravenously in different groups of normotensive and hypertensive animals and their effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated. The aqueous extract of saffron stigma, safranal and crocin reduced the MABP in normotensive and hypertensive anaesthetized rats in a dose‐dependent manner. For example, administrations of 10 mg/kg of aqueous extract, 1 mg/kg of safranal and 200 mg/kg of crocin caused 60 ± 8.7, 50 ± 5.2 and 51 ± 3.8 mmHg reductions in MABP, respectively. It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of saffron stigma has hypotensive properties which appear to be attributable, in part, to the actions of two major constitutes of this plant, crocin and safranal. It seems that safranal is more important than crocin for lowering down blood pressure of rats. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Phytochemical and anti-neuropathic investigations of Crocus sativus via alleviating inflammation, oxidative stress and pancreatic beta-cells regeneration

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical and the long-term anti-neuropathic potentials of Crocus sativus cultivated in the University botanical garden, and explore its most bioactive compounds and their underlying mechanisms of action. Methods: Phytochemical analysis and bio-guided isolation-procedures including RP-HPLC and 1H and 13C NMR utilizing biological models of diabetes, inflammation, and diabetic-neuropathy were used. Cultivated saffron (S-RCED) and Spanish-saffron stigma (S-SP) alone or in combination with Camellia sinus (CS) were investigated. Results: The RP-HPLC analyses showed the presence of picrocrocin, crocin I, crocin II, crocin I’, crocin II’, and safranal (SAF) in both S-SP and S-RCED extracts with higher-concentrations. It had been shown that SAF was the most bioactive-compound in Crocus sativus. Both S-SP and S-RCED possessed significant (P ? 0.05) anti-diabetic activities in acute (6 h), subchronic (8 d) and chronic (8 weeks) models. S-RCED had been proven with more hypoglycemic potentials when compared to S-SP and SAF. S-SP, S-RCED, and SAF produced significant anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities against carrageenan-induced inflammatory, hyperalgesic and tactile diabetic-neuropathy models, respectively. S-SP, S-RCED, and SAF elevated serum catalase, reduced glutathione, and insulin serum levels, ameliorated lipid peroxidation and HbA1c levels, and histopathologically regenerated the pancreatic beta-cells. Combinations with CS showed more significant efficacy than the single component. Conclusion: The oxidative stress reduction, insulin secretagogue, and pancreatic beta-cells regeneration potentials might be responsible for the mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic neuropathy activities. Thus, the cultivated Crocus sativus might be clinically useful for protecting against many serious-disorders.     

基于网络药理学的藏药西红花“治一切肝病”的药理作用分析＊

目的 在藏医药理论体系中，西红花为“治一切肝病”的药，本文通过网络药理学的研究方法，探讨藏药西红花防治肝病的临床应用范围及作用机制。 方法 根据西红花成分的专属性、生物利用度及相关文献报道筛选目标化合物。利用PharmMaper数据库对目标化合物开展靶点预测分析，建立“成分-靶点”网络，开展网络拓扑分析；并进行PPI分析、KEGG通路富集等生物功能注释；通过OMIM、Disgenet数据库获取肝病相关基因，建立“成分-靶点-疾病”网络。 结果 筛选出19个西红花的目标化合物，获得潜在靶点80个；经生物功能注释分析发现与肝癌、肝纤维化、乙型肝炎、非酒精性肝病等七种肝病相关度较高的通路有PI3K-Akt、MAPK等12条。推测西红花防治肝病的可能关键靶点为SRC和EGFR。 结论 初步明确西红花在防治肝病的临床应用范围及可能的作用机制，为丰富完善藏医药理论开发肝病新药提供了科学支撑。