玉米原料细菌酒精发酵的研究

对运动发酵单胞菌ＺｙｍｏｍｏｎａｓｍｏｂｉｌｉｓＡＴＣＣ３１８２１的试验表明：该菌株最适发酵糖浓度为１５０～２００ｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ为７左右。以玉米粉为原料，该菌株在发酵速率及淀粉出酒率等方面均比Ｋ字酵母优越。玉米粉在糖化３０ｍｉｎ，添加ＣＡＸ２０ｇ／Ｌ３５℃发酵４０ｈ后，酒精度达７２ｇ／Ｌ残糖（还原糖）４．２ｇ／Ｌ淀粉利用率９１．５％；淀粉出酒率４８．５％（按无水酒精计）。     

蚕丝丝素蛋白在骨科领域的应用进展

骨缺损、软骨损伤以及肌腱和韧带损伤等由于移植物来源短缺或者移植后存在多种副反应,治疗上非常困难,成为骨科领域亟待攻克的难题。目前的研究主要集中在可降解支架材料方面（包括人工合成材料和天然材料）,这些材料均存在自身缺点：如人工合成材料力学     

Tissue Response to Subcutaneously Implanted Recombinant Spider Silk: An in Vivo Study

Spider silk is an interesting biomaterial for medical applications. Recently, a method for production of recombinant spider silk protein (4RepCT) that forms macroscopic fibres in physiological solution was developed. Herein, 4RepCT and Mersilk^TM (control) fibres were implanted subcutaneously in rats for seven days, without any negative systemic or local reactions. The tissue response, characterised by infiltration of macrophages and multinucleated cells, was similar with both fibres, while only the 4RepCT-fibres supported ingrowth of fibroblasts and newly formed capillaries. This in vivo study indicates that 4RepCT-fibres are well tolerated and could be used for medical applications, e.g., tissue engineering.     

克山病病区玉米饲料及酱块与大鼠骨骼肌、心肌病变损伤关系的实验研究

目的探讨克山病病区产玉米饲料和酱块对大鼠骨骼肌、心肌损伤的作用。方法按体重将健康雄性W istar大鼠随机分成3组,每组10只,分别饲以病区玉米、病区玉米加酱块、非病区玉米3种饲料;高效液相色谱法检测酱块中的黄绿青霉菌毒素和镰刀菌毒素;每月称量大鼠体重;1、3个月时检测大鼠尾静脉全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活力;6个月时光镜观察大鼠心肌、骨骼肌病理改变。结果未检测到酱块中有致心肌、骨骼肌损伤的真菌毒素;1、2、3月各组大鼠体重差别均有统计学意义（F=3.49,P〈0.05;F=9.93,P〈0.05;F=6.068,P〈0.05）,总体来看病区玉米加酱块组体重状况较好;1个月和3个月两次GSH-Px活力检测结果显示,非病区玉米组均高于病区玉米组和病区玉米加酱块组;3组心肌损伤发生率两两经确切概率F isher检验,差异无统计学意义（P=1.000,P=0.545,P=1.000）,未发现明显的骨骼肌病理损伤。结论病区玉米喂养大鼠,影响其全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性;单独喂养病区玉米饲料6个月,未见实验大鼠有意义的心肌和骨骼肌损伤;未观察到酱块有致心肌、骨骼肌损伤的作用。     

Citrate artificially masks the haemostatic effect of recombinant factor VIIa in dilutional coagulopathy

Most often, thrombelastographic analyses are carried out using citrated blood and re-calcification. However, calcium chelation may affect dynamics of tissue-factor-initiated thrombin generation. The present study investigates the effect of sample anticoagulant on the response of a colloid induced dilutional coagulopathy model to recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) as measured by thrombelastography. Thrombelastographic evaluation of whole blood coagulation activated with minute amounts of tissue factor in a model of in vitro haemodilution with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 130/0.4 in a prospective laboratory study. Whole blood coagulation was evaluated before and after 30% dilution with HES 130/0.4, and following in vitro addition of rFVIIa to whole blood collected into tubes containing citrate, corn trypsin inhibitor (CTI), and no stabilizers. Haemodilution with HES 130/0.4 induces a coagulopathy characterised by a reduced maximum rate of clot formation and a pronounced reduction in the final clot firmness. With all test mediums investigated, rFVIIa significantly shortened clot initiation phase. In cases of native whole blood and CTI-stabilised whole blood, rFVIIa shortens the clotting time but also demonstrated an acceleration of the maximum velocity of clot formation. When citrate is used as anticoagulants in thrombelastographic clotting assays, these may artificially mask the haemostatic effect of rFVIIa in colloid haemodilution. The effect in vitro of rFVIIa in citrated blood samples may underestimate the haemostatic potential of rFVIIa. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Silk-elastinlike protein polymers for matrix-mediated cancer gene therapy

Silk-elastinlike protein polymers (SELPs) are recombinant polymers designed from silk fibroin and mammalian elastin amino acid repeats. These are versatile materials that have been examined as controlled release systems for intratumoral gene delivery. SELP hydrogels comprise monodisperse and tunable polymers that have the capability to control and localize the release and expression of plasmid DNA and viruses. This article reviews recent developments in the synthesis and characterization of SELP hydrogels and their use for matrix-mediated gene delivery.     

Ecology and Population Biology of Aflatoxigenic Fungi in Soil

Soil serves as a reservoir for Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, fungi that produce carcinogenic aflatoxins in agricultural commodities. Populations in soil are genetically diverse and individual genotypes show a clustered distribution pattern within fields. Surveys over large geographic regions suggest that climate and crop composition influence species density and aflatoxin‐producing potential. Aflatoxigenic fungi reside in soil as conidia, sclerotia and hyphae, which act as primary inocula for directly infecting peanuts or for infecting aerial crops (corn, cottonseed, tree nuts) through wind and insect dispersal. Infected crops periodically replenish soil populations during drought years.     

The future perspectives of natural materials for pulmonary drug delivery and lung tissue engineering

Introduction: Search for new, functional biomaterials that can be used to synergistically deliver a drug, enhance its adsorption and stimulate the post-injury recovery of tissue function, is one of the priorities in biomedicine. Currently used materials for drug delivery fail to satisfy one or more of these functionalities, thus they have limited potential and new classes of materials are urgently needed.

Areas covered: Natural materials, due to their origin, physical and chemical structure can potentially fulfill these requirements and there is already strong evidence of their usefulness in drug delivery. They are increasingly utilized in various therapeutic applications due to the obvious advantages over synthetic materials. Particularly in pulmonary drug delivery, there have been limitations in the use of synthetic materials such as polymers and lipids, leading to an increase in the use of natural and protein-based materials such as silk, keratin, elastin and collagen. Literature search in each specialized field, namely, silk, keratin and collagen was conducted, and the benefits of each material for future application in pulmonary drug delivery are highlighted.

Expert opinion: The natural materials discussed in this review have been well established in their use for other applications, yet further studies are required in the application of pulmonary drug delivery. The properties exhibited by these natural materials seem positive for their application in lung tissue engineering, which may allow for more extensive testing for validation of pulmonary drug delivery systems.     

Silk Fibroin Processing from CeCl3 Aqueous Solution: Fibers Regeneration and Doping with Ce(III)

Silk fibroin (SF) obtained from Bombyx mori cocoon is a very promising biopolymer. It can be processed from aqueous solutions to obtain many versatile scaffolds useful in optoelectronics, photonics, and biomedicine. Aqueous solutions are prepared by dissolving degummed fibroin with chaotropic agents and then purifying by dialysis. This work presents, for the first time, a solubilization protocol, involving CeCl₃·7H₂O as chaotropic salt in water and ethanol, that allows to regenerate SF under a fibrous form, unlike the standard Ajisawa’s method, which uses CaCl₂ and allows to obtain aqueous gels. All the experimental analyses performed (SEM, XPS, WAXS, ATR‐FTIR, NMR) suggest that the fiber recovered preserves most of the morphological and structural features of the pristine SF and is doped with Ce(III) ions, that interact mainly with the oxygen atoms of C?O moieties and side‐chains of amino acids. Ce(III) doped SF could be the base for new luminescent materials.