Immunoglobulins, cognitive status and duration of illness in alzheimer''s disease

Immunologic changes have been reported in the dementing illnesses of mid and late life. The results of two studies of drug-free males meeting research diagnostic criteria for primary neuronal degeneration of the Alzheimer's type suggest that serum IgG levels decrease with the progression of dementia. Serum IgG levels were inversely correlated with duration of illness and the levels of psychiatric symptomatology. Performance on the mini-mental status examination was positively associated with serum IgG concentrations.     

伴迟发性运动障碍的慢性精神分裂症患者认知功能研究

目的:了解伴迟发性运动障碍(TD)的慢性精神分裂症患者认知功能的损害情况。方法:以82例伴TD的(TD组)、70例不伴TD的慢性精神分裂症患者(非TD组)为研究对象,两组一般情况相匹配,选用韦氏记忆测验(WMS)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)及连线测验(TMT)进行认知功能评定。结果:①两组在WMS方面比较无统计学差异。②两组在WCST方面比较,TD组错误应答数、选择错误率、错误思考时间、持续应答数及概念化水平百分数成绩均显著差于非TD组。③两组在TMT方面比较,TD组PartB耗时数显著长于非TD组,而两组PartA耗时数无显著差异。结论:伴TD的慢性精神分裂症病人存在明显的认知功能损害,且可能涉及额叶皮层。     

儿童智商与父母智商的相关性

目的：通过对儿童智商（IQ）与父母亲IQ和IQ分项相关研究，探讨儿童IQ和父母亲IQ的深层关系。方法：在合肥市某中学、小学和幼儿园，分别按年龄和性别分层，随机抽取4-14岁健康儿童206名及其父母作为研究对象，应用韦氏智力量表（成人和儿童）测定儿童和其父母的IQ，填写自编的影响儿童智力发育因素调查问卷。最后在考虑儿童的年龄、性别、克托莱指数（Quetelet index）和是否独生子女等可能混杂因素下将儿童的总IQ、语言IQ和操作IQ与其父母的总IQ、语言IQ、操作IQ和IQ分项进行多元逐步回归分析。结果：按F〉2．0标准，儿童总IQ与父母亲总IQ成正相关（偏相关系数分别为0．50和0．22）；儿童语言IQ与母亲算术、母亲知识、父亲算术、父亲拼物成正相关（偏相关系数0.23-0．37）；儿童操作IQ和母亲积木图案、母亲拼物和父亲拼物成正相关（偏相关系数0．31-0．50）。结论：父母亲的总IQ和父母IQ分项中的算术、拼物、积木图案和知识等对儿童总IQ、语言IQ和操作IQ影响最大。     

3-7岁麻烦型气质儿童餐桌行为的心理干预

目的：探讨心理干预对3－7岁麻烦型气质儿童的餐桌行为的作用。方法：用CTPS（China Preschool-children Temperament Scale)问卷方式对410名3－7岁儿童的气质类型进行综合评定划分出5个气质类型；对其中50名麻烦型气质儿童的餐桌行为问题进行了3个月的心理干预治疗。并对其餐桌行为做干预前后的偏挑食行为，改善进餐情绪，提高进餐速度有效。结论：心理干预可以纠正儿童的餐桌行为。     

Comparison of Discrete Cardiovascular Fitness Groups on Plasma Catecholamine and Selected Behavioral Responses to Psychological Stress

Discrete cardiovascular fitness groups consisting of high-fit (n=10) and low-fit (n=9) men performed a well-learned vigilance task and their self-report, performance, and plasma catecholamine responses were compared. No significant differences were observed between the fitness groups on self-report or psychomotor performance responses to the vigilance task. However, the low-fit group took significantly longer than high-fit subjects to complete the first of three sets of anagrams administered immediately after the vigilance task. Plasma norepinephrine but not epinephrine response was greater in the low-fit group compared to their high-fit counterparts. The findings indicate that enhanced cardiovascular fitness may be characterized by an attenuated plasma norepinephrine response to a vigilance task with sustained cognitive performance subsequent to the task.     

抑郁认知理论的研究进展

目的探讨抑郁认知理论的发展状况。方法从抑郁三联症和抑郁自我图式两方面对抑郁的认知理论的研究状况进行综述。结果抑郁三联症可缩减为对自我的消极想法1个维度,抑郁者消极自我图式中还存在大量积极信息。结论需要加强对抑郁认知理论的研究。     

Neurophysiological and psychological predictors of genetic risk for schizophrenia

Mathematical genetic analyses were performed on a sample of schizophrenic families (25 probands and 58 first-degree relatives). Heritability coefficients were estimated for EEG power spectrum parameters and their topography, and also for psychological test data on thought and speech process disorder, designed to assess altered selectivity in cognitive activity. Multiple regression equations for genetic counseling regarding the prognosis of mental illness were derived from the neurophysiological and psychological measures.     

Attentional, emotional and hormonal data in subjects of different ages

The differences in attentional style among subjects of different ages and the influence of emotionality on the attentional components were studied for a limited experimental period. Variation in the hormonal data and its relation to behavioural parameters were also evaluated. The subjects enrolled in the study were divided into four age groups (A 18–29, B 30–45, C 46–59, D 60–77 years). The attentional tests involved different types of attention: alert, go/no-go, divided attention and working memory. Emotionality was assessed on the basis of skin conductance, heart rate and frontalis muscle tone. Testosterone (T), free testosterone (fT), non-specifically bound testosterone (NST), sex hormone binding globulin (sHBG), oestradiol, cortisol and adrenocorticotrophic hormone were determined in the plasma. The data were analysed to identify endocrine and behavioural differences related to sex and age. The results showed an influence of age on reaction time (RT) and RT variability. This was particularly evident for groups C and D with respect to A in the simple (alert) and complex RT tests (go/no-go and working memory). Divided attention, with the highest RT, showed a clear distinction between group A and the other groups. The difference in frontalis electromyography (EMG) (test vs control) increased with age, while the autonomic responses (skin conductance and heart rate) did not vary. In most attentional tests, the age-related reduction of RT was associated with increased T, fT and NST and decreased cortisol.     

原发性肝癌患者抑郁症状与不成熟防御机制的关系

目的：了解原发性肝癌（PLC）患者的抑郁症状和不成熟防御机制（IDM）的水平，探讨PLC患者的抑郁症状与IDM的关系。方法：采用流调用抑郁自评量表（CES－D）和防御式方式问卷（DSQ）对PLC患者和健康组各100例进行调查。结果：1）PLC患者中49％可能或肯定有抑郁症状，其中23％肯定有抑郁症状，其发生率高于健康组；2）PLC组的CES－D总分高于健康组；3）PLC组比健康组采用较多分裂和潜意显现机制，采用较少抱怨机制；4）肯定有抑郁症状者比无抑郁症状者采用较多IDM；5）两组CES－D总分与IDM均分呈显著正相关，Pearson r为0.473-0.776，其中PLC组为0．473。结论：抑郁症状是PLC患者常见的负性情绪，医护人员应引起重视，并指导患者采用成熟的防御机制代替不成熟防御机制，预防并减轻患者的抑郁症状，以提高患者的生活质量。     

Greater Resistance to Extinction of Electrodermal Responses Conditioned to Potentially Phobic CSs: A Noncognitive Process?

Previous results have suggested that electrodermal responses classically conditioned to potentially phobic CSs (e.g., pictures of snakes or spiders) are highly resistant to extinction and occur largely independently of cognitive expectancies. In order to test stringently for these possibilities, 144 college student subjects were administered differential classical conditioning acquisition and extinction paradigms while expectancies of the shock UCS were closely monitored. Half the subjects had potentially phobic CSs, whereas the other half had neutral CSs. Regardless of type of CS, during acquisition no evidence of electrodermal conditioning was found among subjects unaware of the CS?UCS contingency, nor was conditioning found on the pre-aware trials of subjects who became aware. During extinction, there was significantly greater resistance to extinction of electrodermal responses conditioned to potentially phobic CSs as well as a similar trend with expectancies of the UCS. However, when expectancies were equated, there was no greater resistance to extinction of electrodermal responses conditioned to potentially phobic CSs. Thus, while electrodermal responses conditioned to potentially phobic CSs did exhibit greater resistance to extinction, this conditioning was no more independent of expectancies than is conditioning with neutral CSs.