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11.
《Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD》2022,32(8):1982-1989
Background and aimsObesity and overweight in children are associated with an increased risk of several health issues. The present study aimed to assess the effects of a multi-disciplinary program (including nutrition education using a smartphone game, physical activity, and cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT]) on the management of obesity and overweight in elementary school girls.Methods and resultsSixty-two school girls above the 85th percentile of body mass index (BMI) for age were randomly assigned to two groups. During 10 weeks of study, the intervention group received a multi-disciplinary intervention, including nutrition education using a smartphone game, aerobic exercise, and CBT. The control group received usual traditional nutritional education. Biochemical and metabolic factors were assessed, including fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, serum leptin, and anthropometric measurements. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and metabolic equivalent test (MET) were also conducted. The intervention group showed more promising results in weight loss, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and FBS compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, MET and DEBQ scores in all three sections of emotions, stimuli, and restriction were better in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between groups regarding the results of serum leptin and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe results indicated that education through smartphone games could possibly affect performance in real life. In addition, the multi-disciplinary approach to childhood obesity might have better performance in most areas than the single-intervention approach in obesity management. 相似文献
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《Gait & posture》2019
BackgroundWhen older adults turn to sit, about 80% of the subjects complete the turn before starting to sit i.e., a distinct-strategy, while in about 20%, part of the turning and sitting take place concurrently, i.e., an overlapping-strategy. A prolonged duration of the separation between tasks in the distinct-strategy (D-interval) and a prolonged duration of the overlap interval in overlapping-strategy (O-interval) are related to worse motor symptoms and poorer cognition. In the present study, we evaluated what strategy is employed by patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) when they transition from turning to sitting.Methods96 participants with PD performed turn to sit as part of the Timed Up and Go test, both with and without medications, while wearing a body-fixed sensor. We quantified the turn-to-sit transition and determined which strategy (distinct or overlapping) was employed. We then stratified the cases and used regression models adjusted for age, gender, height, and weight to examine the associations of the D-interval or O-interval with parkinsonian features and cognition.ResultsMost patients (66%) employed the overlapping-strategy, both off and on anti-parkinsonian medications. Longer O-intervals were associated with longer duration of PD, more severe PD motor symptoms, a higher postural-instability-gait-disturbance (PIGD) score, and worse freezing of gait. Longer D-intervals were not associated with disease duration or PD motor symptoms. Neither the D- nor O-intervals were related to cognitive function. Individuals who employed the overlapping-strategy had more severe postural instability (i.e., higher PIGD scores), as compared to those who used the distinct-strategy.SignificanceIn contrast to older adults without PD, most patients with PD utilize the overlapping strategy. Poorer postural and gait control are associated with the strategy choice and with the duration of concurrent performance of turning and sitting. Additional work is needed to further explicate the mechanisms underlying these strategies and their clinical implications. 相似文献
16.
目的 探讨高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen,HBO)治疗对慢性脑缺血(chronic cerebral ischemia,CCI)大鼠
学习记忆能力的影响及其作用机制。
方法 选取240只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、CCI组和HBO组,每组80只。采用双侧颈总动脉阻
断法建立CCI模型,HBO组建模12 h后开始进行HBO治疗28 d,压力0.2 MPa,每日1次,每次60 mi n。采用
Morri s水迷宫实验评估7、14、21、28 d大鼠的学习记忆能力,每个时间点20只,检测前均进行3 d训练,
记录各组大鼠的逃避潜伏时间、穿越平台次数。28 d后处死大鼠取海马组织进行HE染色评估神经元
损伤病理变化,RT-PCR法检测Nogo-A mRNA,Western blot法检测Nogo-A蛋白的表达水平。
结果 ①与假手术组比较,CCI 组7、14、21、28 d逃避潜伏时间均延长(均P<0.05),28 d跨越平台次
数减少(P<0.05);与CCI 组比较,HBO组7、14、21、28 d逃避潜伏时间均缩短(均P<0.05),28 d跨越
平台次数增加(P<0.05)。②HE染色显示HBO组神经元损伤程度较CCI组减轻;③CCI组Nogo-A mRNA
和Nogo-A蛋白表达水平均较假手术组升高(均P<0.05),HBO组表达水平均较CCI组下降(P<0.05)。
结论 HBO治疗可改善慢性脑缺血大鼠认知功能,其机制可能与下调海马组织中Nogo-A的表达水平
有关。 相似文献
17.
Joseph M. Northey Kate L. Pumpa Clare Quinlan Ashley Ikin Kellie Toohey Disa J. Smee Ben Rattray 《Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport》2019,22(5):580-585
Objectives
The current study investigated the effects of two exercise interventions on cognitive function amongst breast cancer survivors.Design
Pilot randomised-controlled trial.Methods
Seventeen female cancer survivors (mean: 62.9 ± 7.8 years) were randomised into three groups: high-intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 6); moderate-intensity continuous training (MOD, n = 5); or wait-list control (CON, n = 6). The HIIT and MOD groups exercised on a cycle ergometer 3 days/week for 12-weeks. Primary outcomes were cognitive function assessments utilising CogState. Secondary outcomes were resting middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity, cerebrovascular reactivity and aerobic fitness (VO2peak). Data were analysed with General Linear Mixed Models and Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated.Results
All 17 participants who were randomised were available for follow-up analysis and adherence was similar for HIIT and MOD (78.7 ± 13.2% vs 79.4 ± 12.0%; p = 0.93). Although there were no significant differences in the cognitive and cerebrovascular outcomes, HIIT produced moderate to large positive effects in comparison to MOD and CON for outcomes including episodic memory, working memory, executive function, cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity. HIIT significantly increased VO2peak by 19.3% (d = 1.28) and MOD had a non-significant 5.6% (d = 0.72) increase, compared to CON which had a 2.6% decrease.Conclusions
This study provides preliminary evidence that HIIT may be an effective exercise intervention to improve cognitive performance, cerebrovascular function and aerobic fitness in breast cancer survivors. Considering the sample size is small, these results should be confirmed through larger clinical trials. 相似文献18.
Jeroen M. van de Pol Jurjen G. Geljon Svetlana V. Belitser Geert W.J. Frederix Anke M. Hövels Marcel L. Bouvy 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2019,15(1):70-76
Introduction
The nature of community pharmacy is changing, shifting from the preparation and distribution of medicines to the provision of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS); however, often the provision of traditional services leaves little time for innovative services. This study investigated the time community pharmacists spend on the tasks and activities of daily practice and to what extent they are able to implement CPS-related services in daily practice.Methods
Self-reporting work sampling was used to register the activities of community pharmacists. A smartphone application, designed specifically for this purpose, alerted participants to register their current activity five times per working day for 6 weeks. Participants also completed an online survey about baseline characteristics.Results
Ninety-one Dutch community pharmacists provided work-sampling data (7848 registered activities). Overall, 51.5% of their time was spent on professional activities, 35.4% on semi-professional activities, and 13.1% on non-professional activities. The proportion of time devoted to CPS decreased during the workweek, whereas the time spent on traditional task increased.Discussion and conclusion
This study shows it is feasible to collect work-sampling data using smartphone technology. Community pharmacists spent almost half of their time on semi-professional and non-professional activities, activities that could be delegated to other staff members. In practice, the transition to CPS is hampered by competing traditional tasks, which prevents community pharmacists from profiling themselves as pharmaceutical experts in daily practice. 相似文献19.
《中国现代医生》2020,58(31):37-39+封三
目的 探讨脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)与老年血管性痴呆(VD)患者认知功能的关系及预测价值。方法 选择2019 年3~6 月在我院接受治疗的VD 患者60 例为研究对象,同时选取同期在我院接受检查的健康者60 例为对照组,比较两组患者的Lp-PLA2、IGF-1、简易智力状态检查量表评分(MMSE)水平;采用Pearson 相关性分析法对Lp-PLA2、IGF-1 与MMSE 评分的相关性进行分析;采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)下面积(AUC)比较Lp-PLA2、IGF-1 对VD 的预测价值。结果 观察组患者的Lp-PLA2 水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组患者的IGF-1、MMSE 评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05);Lp-PLA2 与MMSE 评分呈负相关性,IGF-1 与MMSE 评分呈正相关性;Lp-PLA2 与IGF-1 诊断VD 的AUC 值分别为0.940、0.954。结论Lp-PLA2 水平越低,IGF-1 水平越高,患者的认知功能越好,且Lp-PLA2、IGF-1 对老年VD 患者均具有较高的预测价值。 相似文献
20.
IntroductionGrowing geriatric mental health needs of urban population in India pose several programmatic challenges. This study aimed to assess anxiety, depression and cognitive disorders among urban elderly, and explore availability of social support mechanisms and of a responsive health system to implement the national mental health programme.Methods244 respondents were randomly selected from Berhampur city. We administered a semi-structured interview schedule to assess substance abuse, chronic morbidity, anxiety, depression and cognitive abilities. Further, in-depth interviews were conducted with 25 key informants including district officials, psychiatrists, and programme managers. We used R software and ‘thematic framework’ approach, respectively, for quantitative and qualitative data analysis. Ethical standards were complied with.ResultsAbout half of the respondents were economically dependent; 57.3% had moderate to severe anxiety; 46.7% had moderate to severe depression; while about 25% had severe cognitive impairments. We found association of chewing tobacco (1.34(0.28–2.40)) and depression (0.52(0.37–0.68)) with anxiety; negative perception about elderly-friendly society (1.64(0.75–2.53)) and physical inactivity (2.88(1.60–4.16)) with depression; and age (-0.11(-0.20 – -0.02)) and physical inactivity (-3.44(-5.13 – -1.74)) with cognitive disorders. Qualitative analysis revealed lack of awareness, social stigma, poor availability of trained human resources, and poor political commitment as important systemic barriers to early detection and treatment of mental ailments among the elderly.ConclusionEstablishing tobacco cessation centres, sensitizing community about mental health needs of elderly, incentivizing physical activity of elderly, integrating mental health with primary care, multi-skilling providers and developing a cadre of community counsellors need urgent attention of policy makers and programme implementers. 相似文献