老年男性各年龄组骨密度与骨代谢生化指标的关系

目的　测定老年男性不同年龄组骨密度及血、尿中与骨吸收和骨形成有关的生化指标 ,观察其与年龄的关系 ,探讨以上生化指标对早期诊断原发性骨质疏松的临床意义。方法　采用双能量 X线骨密度测定仪测定前臂骨密度 ;采用全自动生化分析法测定血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、尿钙 (Ca)、肌酐 (Cr) ;采用放免法测定骨钙素 (BGP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶 (TRAP)、尿羟脯氨酸 (HOP)。将年龄 60～ 95岁的老年男性 97例分为 60～ 69岁、 70～ 79岁和 80岁以上三组并与 60岁以下男性进行比较。再将其分为骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组 ,比较其测定值。结果　老年男性骨密度及骨形成与骨吸收指标呈现随着年龄增长而降低的趋势。其中 ,骨质疏松组较非骨质疏松组骨钙素 (BGP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶 (TRAP)、尿羟脯氨酸 (HOP) ,明显下降 (P<0 . 0 5)。结论　老年男性骨质疏松属于低转换型 ,骨转换指标随增龄而呈下降趋势     

Hypocalcemia response following calcitonin administration: Lack of correlation with osteoclast number determined after histoenzymologic identification in osteoprorosis

Summary The relationship between calcitonin-induced hypocalcemia and histomorphometric parameters of bone resorption was examined in iliac crest biopsies of 30 osteoporotic patients aged 55–86 years all of whom had received a single injection of 100 UI of salmon calcitonin. Number of osteoclasts and active resorption surfaces were determined after histoenzymologic staining based on osteoclastic tartrate resistant acid phosphatase content. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between the drop of hypocalcemia and the different histomorphometric parameters. It can be concluded that the calcitonin test is useless in osteoporosis.     

The Interaction of Ethanol and Vitamin A as a Potential Mechanism for the Pathogenesis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

The mechanism of the fetal embryopathology resulting from ethanol ingestion during pregnancy is not established. This review summarizes recent research on the interaction of ethanol and vitamin A in models that explore if an interaction between these two compounds might potentially be the mechanism for fetal alcohol syndrome. The rationale for this hypothesis includes the known facts that: (1) in adults, ethanol ingestion alters vitamin A metabolism and tissue distribution; (2) there are many phenotypic similarities between fetal alcohol syndrome and malformations of both vitamin A toxicity and deficiency; and (3) the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), is a potent mediator in embryogenesis and differentiation. One interaction that could possibly alter fetal development is that the synthesis of RA from retinol, catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase, might be competitively inhibited by ethanol leading to RA deficiency. Controversy over this hypothesis continues. Another model demonstrates in vivo effects of pregnant rat mother's ethanol consumption on retinol, retinyl ester, RA content, RA receptor (RAR) binding, and the levels of RAR expression in developing fetal organs. The variable responses in this model still need clarification, and specific defects resulting from specific RAR changes have not yet been identified. In a quail embryo model, ethanol treatment mimics vitamin A deficiency, and RA appears to prevent the adverse effects of ethanol. Finally, RA and ethanol reverse or block each other's effects in studies on isolated neuroblastoma cells. Taken together, these experiments show definite interactions between ethanol and vitamin A. Further studies are needed to determine if any of these mechanisms significantly contribute to prenatal ethanol consumption embryopathy; but, clearly this hypothesis is gaining experimental support.     

吉非罗齐对高脂血症兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响及机制

目的探讨吉非罗齐对高脂血症兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法24只新西兰大白兔随机分成缺血再灌注组、吉非罗齐 缺血再灌注组(简称吉非罗齐组)和假手术组,所有动物给以高脂饮食9周以建立高脂血症兔模型,吉非罗齐组在喂养8周后同时给予吉非罗齐200mg(kg·d)口服1周。冠状动脉左前降支结扎法复制心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。9周后观察各组血脂水平的变化及心肌细胞超微结构改变,并测定心肌梗死面积。逆转录聚合酶链反应测定心肌过氧化体增殖物激活型受体α和脂肪酸转位酶CD36 mRNA的表达。结果喂饲高脂饮食后,兔血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显升高(P<0.01),吉非罗齐干预1周未对血脂水平产生影响。吉非罗齐组心肌梗死面积较缺血再灌注组明显减少(P<0.05);且心肌细胞超微结构损伤明显低于缺血再灌注组。缺血再灌注组心肌过氧化体增殖物激活型受体α和CD36 mRNA的表达低于假手术组(P<0.05),而吉非罗齐组与假手术组过氧化体增殖物激活型受体α和CD36 mRNA的表达无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论吉非罗齐短期干预可减少高脂血症兔缺血再灌注后心肌梗死面积,并上调心肌过氧化体增殖物激活型受体α和CD36 mRNA的表达。     

芪丹通络颗粒联合硫辛酸治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床研究

目的探讨芪丹通络颗粒联合硫辛酸注射液治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效。方法选取2015年5月-2018年5月在成都市青白江区人民医院治疗的86例糖尿病周围神经病变患者,根据用药差别分为对照组(43例)和治疗组(43例)。对照组静脉滴注硫辛酸注射液,12 mL加入生理盐水250 mL,2次/d;治疗组在对照组的基础上口服芪丹通络颗粒,8 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均经4周治疗。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者MDNS和TCSS评分,神经传导速度,及血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)、内皮素-1(ET-1)和一氧化氮(NO)水平。结果治疗后,对照组临床有效率为62.79%,显著低于治疗组的86.05%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经治疗,两组MDNS评分、TCSS评分均明显降低(P<0.05),且治疗组下降更明显(P<0.05)。经治疗,两组患者正中神经和腓总神经的运动神经传导速(MNCV)、感觉神经传导速度(SNCV)均明显增快(P<0.05),且治疗组传导速度明显快于对照组(P<0.05)。经治疗,两组患者血清Hcy、NF-κB、ET-1水平均明显降低(P<0.05),NO水平明显升高(P<0.05),且治疗组患者血清Hcy、NF-κB、ET-1和NO水平明显好于对照组(P<0.05)。结论芪丹通络颗粒联合硫辛酸注射液治疗糖尿病周围神经病变可有效改善患者症状,促进神经功能恢复,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

注射用丹参多酚酸对神经系统疾病药理作用的研究进展

注射用丹参多酚酸（SAFI）作为脑梗死的辅助治疗药,能有效改善神经功能缺损症状,有效性和安全性已经得到认可。近年研究发现SAFI在神经系统疾病中具有抗炎、抑制氧化应激、抑制神经细胞凋亡、拮抗缺血再灌注损伤、稳定斑块、改善认知功能等作用。就近年来国内外对SAFI在中枢神经系统疾病中的药理作用的研究进展进行综述,为进一步深度研发和临床合理应用提供依据。     

Development of rapid,sensitive one-tube duplex RT-PCR assay for specific and differential diagnosis of Chikungunya and dengue

Chikungunya and dengue, two arboviral infections are common in South-East Asia and their early clinical manifestations are very similar hence it is important to discriminate between them as early as possible for better clinical management. The aim of this study was to design a rapid, sensitive and specific method for the differential diagnosis of these two viruses simultaneously. A rapid one-tube duplex RT-PCR assay was developed that requires 110 min including RNA extraction, RT-PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis by using a novel Taq polymerase with high processivity. This one-tube duplex RT-PCR system with primers designed from the conserved regions of the genome allowed discrimination between the two viral groups. Bioinformatics analysis of the DNA sequences from PCR amplified products confirmed that this method was very specific and accurate. The time required for this duplex RT-PCR was comparable to the standard IgM capture ELISA method. This novel approach would help to diagnose specifically and accurately these two closely related arboviruses and enable early detection from blood. This method could be applied in resource limited settings, for surveillance in endemic regions or for routine epidemiological screening.     

Comparative Mass Spectrometric Analyses of Enamel Matrix Proteins from Five Species Suggest a Common Pathway of Post-Secretory Proeteolytic Processing

A tartrate-resistant, iron-activated and vanadate-sensitive nucleotide tri- and diphosphatase has been purified from rat bone. The purified enzyme (1,400-fold, 45% yield) has an Mr on SDS-PAGE of 30,000 Da. Hydrodynamic properties include a Stokes radius of 24Å, a sedimentation coefficient of 3.2 S and a partial specific volume of 0.748 ml/g. The calculated Mr from hydrodynamic data is 32,000 and the enzyme binds 4 mol Triton X-100/mol enzyme. Substrate specificity studies demonstrate that the enzyme is active against nucleotide tri- and diphosphates and phosphotyrosine, but not against phosphoserine or phosphothreonine. Based on the purification profile and enzyme histochemistry, showing labelling of fewer mononuclear cells using ATP compared to conventional acid phosphatase substrates, it is suggested that the acid ATPase constitutes a unique form in the family of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases and may thus have the potential as a marker for osteoclast ontogeny and function.     

4D microstructural changes in dentinal tubules during acid demineralisation

ObjectiveDental erosion is a common oral condition caused by chronic exposure to acids from intrinsic/extrinsic sources. Repeated acid exposure can lead to the irreversible loss of dental hard tissues (enamel, dentine, cementum). Dentine can become exposed to acid following severe enamel erosion, crown fracture, or gingival recession. Causing hypersensitivity, poor aesthetics, and potential pulp involvement. Improving treatments that can restore the structural integrity and aesthetics are therefore highly desirable. Such developments require a good understanding of how acid demineralisation progresses where relatively little is known in terms of intertubular dentine (ITD) and peritubular dentine (PTD) microstructure. To obtain further insight, this study proposes a new in vitro method for performing demineralisation studies of dentine.MethodsAdvanced high-speed synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SXM), with high spatial (0.325 μm) and temporal (15 min) resolution, was used to conduct the first in vitro, time-resolved 3D (4D) study of the microstructural changes in the ITD and PTD phases of human dentine samples (∼0.8 × 0.8 × 5 mm) during 6 h of continuous acid exposure.ResultsDifferent demineralisation rates of ITD (1.79 μm/min) and PTD (1.94 μm/min) and their progressive width-depth profiles were quantified, which provide insight for understanding the mechanisms of dentine demineralisation.SignificanceInsights obtained from morphological characterisations and the demineralisation process of ITD and PTD during acid demineralisation would help understand the demineralisation process and potentially aid in developing new therapeutic dentine treatments. This method enables continuous examination of relatively large volumes of dentine during demineralisation and also demonstrates the potential for studying the remineralisation process of proposed therapeutic dentine treatments.