药物预防动脉粥样硬化的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化是导致心血管疾病及死亡的主要原因，严重危害人类健康。目前预防动脉粥样硬化
的机制众多，以调脂代谢降低炎症反应为基础较多。本文将近几年他啶类、贝特类、烟酸类以及中药等调脂药物
对预防动脉粥样硬化的药理作用以及临床应用研究现状做一综述。     

The relevance of Xenophon’s Anabasis and Plato’s Meno to nursing

The current situation in which the humanities are disparaged affects all university disciplines, including nursing, in whose historical evolution the humanities have always been present in one form or another. Looking beyond this disrepute, this study proposes that nursing renew its attention to classical philosophy. Specifically, it invites a close reading of Xenophon's Anabasis and Plato's Meno, to get three related goals: to show how the use of ancient texts are very valuable tools for the philosophical initiation of nursing students and can help them reflect on their choice of nursing as a practical activity; to reflect on the problem of virtue and the nature of the good life; and to show how the interaction with ancient texts allows students to reflect on questions and issues of life, theirs and others, that are not open to investigation through a purely scientific method. Consequently, both Anabasis and Meno readings strengthen the intellectual relationship between philosophy and nursing, enabling the latter to delve deeper into the key questions of its own thought as a discipline.     

滋阴药延缓衰老机制的研究进展＊

当代社会，老年人口比例呈现不断上升的趋势，老龄化问题日益严峻。因此，如何有效地延缓衰老不仅成为了世界医学研究的热点，也成为了全球亟待解决的问题。中医药在延缓衰老方面经验丰富，而滋阴药在此类研究中效果显著。本文通过整理滋阴药抗衰老作用机制的若干文献，对滋阴复方六味地黄丸、二至丸、左归丸及其他滋阴中药延缓衰老的机制研究进展进行综述。     

A Tool to Assess Patient and Surrogate Knowledge About the POLST (Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment) Program

ContextIt is especially important that patients are well informed when making high-stakes, preference-sensitive decisions like those on the Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) form. However, there is currently no way to easily evaluate whether patients understand key concepts when making these important decisions.ObjectivesTo develop a POLST knowledge survey.MethodsExpert (n = 62) ratings of key POLST facts were used to select items for a POLST knowledge survey. The survey was administered to nursing facility residents (n = 97) and surrogate decision-makers (n = 112). A subset (n = 135) were re-administered the survey after a standardized advance care planning discussion to assess the scale's responsiveness to change.ResultsThe 19-item survey demonstrated adequate reliability (α = 0.72.). Residents' scores (x = 11.4, standard deviation 3.3) were significantly lower than surrogate scores (x = 14.7, standard deviation 2.5) (P < 0.001). Scores for both groups increased significantly after administration of a standardized advance care planning discussion (P < 0.001). Although being a surrogate, age, race, education, cognitive functioning, and health literacy were significantly associated with higher POLST Knowledge Survey scores in univariate analyses, only being a surrogate (P < 0.001) and being white (P = 0.028) remained significantly associated with higher scores in multivariate analyses.ConclusionThe 19-item POLST Knowledge Survey demonstrated adequate reliability and responsiveness to change. Findings suggest the survey could be used to identify knowledge deficits and provide targeted education to ensure adequate understanding of key clinical decisions when completing POLST.     

经后颅窝乙状窦后入路三叉神经微血管减压术的快速康复外科护理

目的 探讨快速康复外科 （FTS）理念在经后颅窝乙状窦后入路三叉神经微血管减压术围术期患者护理中的应用效果。方法 选择2018年1月~2019年1月我院收治并行经后颅窝乙状窦后入路三叉神经微血管减压患者100例，随机分成观察组和对照组，每组50例。对照组应用常规方法进行围术期护理，观察组应用FTS理念进行围术期护理。比较两组焦虑情况、术后并发症发生率、平均住院日及平均住院费用。结果 观察组轻度焦虑多于对照组，中、重度焦虑少于对照组（P＜0.05）；观察组术后并发症发生率低于对照组[恶心呕吐（4.00% vs 16.00%）、尿路感染（4.00% vs 18.00%）、颅内感染（0 vs 8.00%）、颅内血肿（2.00% vs 14.00%）和术后应激性疼痛（16.00% vs 34.00%）]，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；观察组平均住院日和平均住院费用均低于对照组[（9.13±1.14）d vs（12.44±0.89）d]；[（2.15±0.66）万元 vs （3.05±0.61）万元]，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 应用FTS理念能缓解经后颅窝乙状窦后入路三叉神经微血管减压术患者术前紧张恐惧的心理，减少术后并发症，缩短患者住院日，降低住院费用，护理效果较好。     

健康相关生命质量高分组和低分组生活习惯和中医体质量表转换分比较

目的 探索健康相关生命质量高分组和低分组的生活习惯和中医体质转换分的差异。方法 从1 114例健康体检人群数据库中，分别抽取简明健康状况调查问卷（the MOS 36-item short form health survey, SF-36）的生理领域得分、心理领域得分的前27%（301例）和后27%（301例）作为高分组和低分组，比较两组的生活习惯和中医体质量表转换分。结果 SF-36生理领域和心理领域高分组和低分组的吸烟偏好比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；两组饮酒偏好、睡眠时间、中医体质量表转换分比较，差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），其中高分组好饮酒者较多，睡眠时间为7～8 h者较多，平和质者较多，平和质转换分较高，8种偏颇体质转换分较低；心理领域高分组有运动习惯者较多（P<0.05），而生理领域高分组和低分组的运动习惯差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 SF-36高分组和低分组的生活习惯和中医体质因素存在一定差异，通过改善睡眠时间、运动习惯及偏颇体质可能会提高健康相关生命质量。