线粒体转录复合物各因子质粒标准品的构建

目的:构建大鼠线粒体转录因子TFAM(A)、线粒体转录因子TFB1M(B1)、线粒体转录TFB2M(B2)及线粒体RNA聚合酶(POLRMT)的质粒标准品,为检测内耳细胞线粒体TFAM、TFB1M、TFB2M、POLRMT的mRNA表达水平做基础。方法:设计特异性引物和探针,提取大鼠内耳组织总mRNA逆转录成c DNA,PCR扩增、纯化目的片段,将纯化产物与p Zero Back/blunt载体重组,提取重组质粒,经测序鉴定后,用实时荧光绝对定量PCR建立标准曲线。结果:测序结果与各目的序列一致,获得良好的标准曲线(R2>0.99)。结论:成功构建了各目的基因的质粒标准品。     

Childhood polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure and executive function in children in the HOME Study

Prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been reported to impair executive function in children, but little is known whether childhood PBDE exposures play a role. Using the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study, a prospective birth cohort in the greater Cincinnati area, we investigated the association between repeated measures of PBDEs during childhood and executive function at 8 years in 208 children and whether effect modification by child sex was present. We used child serum collected at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 years to measure PBDEs. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function was completed by parents to assess executive function at 8 years. We used multiple informant models to examine childhood PBDEs during several exposure windows. Null associations were observed between early childhood PBDEs and executive function. However, we observed significant adverse associations between a 10-fold increase in concurrent concentrations of BDE-28 (β = 4.6, 95% CI 0.5, 8.7) and BDE-153 (β = 4.8, 95% CI 0.8, 8.8) with behavioral regulation. In addition, PBDEs at 8 years were significantly associated with poorer emotional and impulse control. No associations were noted between childhood PBDEs and metacognition or global executive function. However, child sex significantly modified the associations, with significantly poorer executive function among males with higher concurrent BDE-153, and null associations in females. Our study findings suggest that concurrent PBDE exposures during childhood may be associated with poorer executive function, specifically behavior regulation. Males may also be more sensitive to adverse associations of concurrent PBDEs on executive function.     

血清特异性抗体检测方法的探讨及临床意义

目的　探讨适合中国东北地区的特异性抗体的检测方法、阳性标准及临床意义。方法　应用酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)方法检测抗原物质特异性抗体 ,摸索反应条件。按确定的最适条件对中国东北地区 5 8例哮喘病人及4 7例健康对照者血清中特异性抗体进行检测。结果　确定了ELISA方法的最适包被浓度 ,最适反应浓度 ,和反应时间及温度。以OD值≥健康对照组平均OD值的 1 5倍作为阳性标准 ,发现本地区哮喘病人血清中对蒿草花粉、春季花粉、淡水鱼、蒜这 4种抗原物质的特异性抗体阳性率高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　可以将以上改良的ELISA方法和阳性标准应用于本地区的哮喘病人过敏原的检测。     

Approaches and considerations for the assessment of immunotoxicity for environmental chemicals: A workshop summary

As experience is gained with toxicology testing and as new assays and technologies are developed, it is critical for stakeholders to discuss opportunities to advance our overall testing strategies. To facilitate these discussions, a workshop on practices for assessing immunotoxicity for environmental chemicals was held with the goal of sharing perspectives on immunotoxicity testing strategies and experiences, developmental immunotoxicity (DIT), and integrated and alternative approaches to immunotoxicity testing. Experiences across the chemical and pharmaceutical industries suggested that standard toxicity studies, combined with triggered-based testing approaches, represent an effective and efficient approach to evaluate immunotoxic potential. Additionally, discussions on study design, critical windows, and new guideline approaches and experiences identified important factors to consider before initiating DIT evaluations including assay choice and timing and the impact of existing adult data. Participants agreed that integrating endpoints into standard repeat-dose studies should be considered for fulfilling any immunotoxicity testing requirements, while also maximizing information and reducing animal use. Participants also acknowledged that in vitro evaluation of immunosuppression is complex and may require the use of multiple assays that are still being developed. These workshop discussions should contribute to developing an effective but more resource and animal efficient approach for evaluating chemical immunotoxicity.     

洛氏硬度计（C标尺）测量结果的不确定度评定

目的：对本实验室洛氏硬度计（C标尺）测量结果的不确定度作以评定。方法：按照JJG112-2003《金属洛氏硬度计（A B C D E F G H K N T标尺）检定规程》,以C标尺为例,考虑洛氏硬度试验中标准硬度块、硬度计及试样等因素对洛氏硬度计（C标尺）测量结果的不确定度进行评定,即通过分析、计算洛氏硬度试验中产生不确定度的若干分量,计算出扩展不确定度。结果：洛氏硬度计测量结果的扩展不确定度对32.5 HRC标准硬度块为：y_1=y_1±U_（95）=33.11HRC±1.078HRC,k=2;对62.3 HRC标准硬度块为：y_2=y_2±U_（95）=63.31HRC±0.710HRC,k=2。结论：在洛氏硬度计检定过程中,测量结果的不确定度主要取决于洛氏硬度计的允许误差。评定结果令人满意,符合洛氏硬度（C标尺）的测量要求。     

医用X射线设备IEC 60601第3版系列标准研究初探

自IEC 60601-1：2005及其系列标准发布以来,由于其与第2版的标准理念和技术差异较大,在全世界医疗器械生产、检测及监管领域引起了巨大的震动。医用X射线设备的IEC60601第2版标准在我国执行经历了很长一段的时间,第3版的标准架构和技术参数与之有很多差异,本文就X射线设备两版标准的差异展开讨论。     

Standards for Endovascular Neurosurgical Training and Certification of the Society of Korean Endovascular Neurosurgeons 2013

The need for standard endovascular neurosurgical (ENS) training programs and certification in Korea cannot be overlooked due to the increasing number of ENS specialists and the expanding ENS field. The Society of Korean Endovascular Neurosurgeons (SKEN) Certification Committee has prepared training programs and certification since 2010, and the first certificates were issued in 2013. A task force team (TFT) was organized in August 2010 to develop training programs and certification. TFT members researched programs and systems in other countries to develop a program that best suited Korea. After 2 years, a rough draft of the ENS training and certification regulations were prepared, and the standard training program title was decided. The SKEN Certification Committee made an official announcement about the certification program in March 2013. The final certification regulations comprised three major parts: certified endovascular neurosurgeons (EN), certified ENS institutions, and certified ENS training institutions. Applications have been evaluated and the results were announced in June 2013 as follows: 126 members received EN certification and 55 hospitals became ENS-certified institutions. The SKEN has established standard ENS training programs together with a certification system, and it is expected that they will advance the field of ENS to enhance public health and safety in Korea.