危重患儿如何选择脂肪乳剂

作为肠外营养的重要组成部分,脂肪乳剂具有避免必需脂肪酸缺乏和作为高密度能量来源的作用。选择脂肪乳剂非常复杂,主要是因为不同的脂肪乳剂由不同的脂肪酸构成,可通过不同途径改变机体的免疫反应。同时其生物化学特性不同,对炎症反应有明显影响。应依据患者的代谢状态选择脂肪酸的类型和脂肪乳剂的供给量。越来越多的证据提示,对处于高代谢状态的危重患者,应避免使用以大豆油为原料的标准脂肪乳剂,而选择含中链甘油三酯、橄榄油或鱼油的脂肪乳剂,以减少具有促进炎症反应和免疫抑制作用的ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸的比例。尽管目前证据尚不足以作出对某种脂肪乳剂的特殊推荐意见,但作为二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的来源,含鱼油的脂肪乳剂能更好地调节免疫反应,对减少危重患者住ICU时间有重要作用。     

榄香烯口服乳联合TP方案在食管癌中的疗效观察

目的：探讨榄香烯口服乳联合TP方案在食管癌的疗效和毒副作用。方法选择110例进展期食管癌患者,分为治疗组（榄香烯口服乳+TP方案）和对照组（TP方案）,21 d为1个化疗周期,榄香烯口服乳连服6周为1个疗程,化疗2个周期后进行疗效、生活质量和副作用的评价,并随访生存期。结果治疗组和对照组的有效率分别为90.9%和74.5%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗组和对照组的中位生存期分别为9.7个月和7.3个月（P<0.05）;主要不良反应和Karnofsky评分的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论榄香烯口服乳联合TP方案对进展期食管癌具有较好疗效,且毒副作用较少。     

Suppression of human hepatocellular cancer cell proliferation by Brucea javanica oil-loaded liposomes via induction of apoptosis

Introduction

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of malignancy with high incidence and poor prognosis. Brucea javanica is extracted from Simaroubaceae plants. It is found to have low toxicity but high anti-cancer efficiency. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of Brucea javanica oil-loaded liposomes (BJOL) on human hepatocellular cancer cell line HepG2. The related molecular mechanisms were determined.

Material and methods

Morphologic changes of HepG2 cells were observed by transmission electron microscope after treatment with BJOL in vitro. Cell proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay after cell treatment with different doses of BJOL. Flow cytometry was performed. Nude mice were divided into 4 groups randomly and treated with different doses of BJOL. The apoptosis hepatocellular carcinoma was detected by TUNEL.

Results

Proliferation of HepG2 was inhibited significantly by BJOL in a dose-dependent manner (2.5 mg/l or 5 mg/l). Compared with the animal models treated with the negative control, the animal models in the BJOL group had higher weight and lower metastasis rates (p < 0.01). The rate of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue of the BJOL groups was increased when compared with the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Brucea javanica oil-loaded liposomes inhibits proliferation of HepG2. The effect appears to be dose-dependent, possibly by inducing apoptosis of cancer cells.     

A multifaceted approach to calcium channel blocker overdose: a case report and literature review

Calcium channel blocker toxicity can be devastating. Initial therapy with fluid, calcium, and adrenoreceptor agonists should be prompt and novel therapies can be added if no response. Determining cardiogenic shock versus vasoplegia with echocardiogram or other hemodynamic monitoring may guide treatment options.     

多西紫杉醇-海豹油纳米结构脂质载体的抗肿瘤活性评价

目的探讨多西紫杉醇(docetaxel,DTX)海豹油脂质体的抗肿瘤活性以及与脂肪乳的比较。方法采用正交试验设计法筛选处方,通过高压乳匀法制备多西紫杉醇海豹油脂质体。测定其粒径、电位、包封率、体外释药、血浆中稳定性等。并采用四甲基偶氮唑盐〔3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide,MTT〕进行体外抗肿瘤活性研究,以及采用荷肉瘤S180小鼠进行体内抗肿瘤活性研究,考察各组抑瘤率和存活率。结果多西紫杉醇海豹油脂质体的粒径在200 nm左右,Zeta电位为-30~-50 m V,包封率达95%以上。体外释放研究证明多西紫杉醇脂肪乳与多西紫杉醇海豹油脂质体具有一定的p H敏感性,且推测多西紫杉醇海豹油脂质体具有更强的缓释作用。血浆中稳定性研究证明多西紫杉醇脂肪乳与多西紫杉醇海豹油脂质体在血浆中较稳定,释放行为缓慢。结论由MTT法结果得多西紫杉醇海豹油脂质体、多西紫杉醇脂肪乳与DTX均表现出较强的细胞毒性作用,且多西紫杉醇海豹油脂质体具有一定的缓释作用。以荷肉瘤S180小鼠为模型的体内抗肿瘤活性研究表明多西紫杉醇脂肪乳与多西紫杉醇海豹油脂质体在血浆中12 h内累积释放量分别为(13.82±0.59)%与(12.91±0.60)%。说明剂型在血浆中较稳定,释放行为缓慢。另外,DTX组小鼠9 d存活率为0,多西紫杉醇脂肪乳组于9 d存活率为93.3%,而多西紫杉醇海豹油脂质体组小鼠9 d存活率为100%,说明多西紫杉醇海豹油脂质体使得耐受剂量提高,降低了药物的不良反应,提高用药安全性与用药的顺应性。     

鸦胆子油乳注射液联合卡培他滨治疗晚期结肠癌的疗效分析

目的研究鸦胆子油乳注射液联合卡培他滨治疗晚期结肠癌的临床疗效及毒副作用,为延长晚期结肠癌患者的生存时间提供指导。方法将36例晚期结肠癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对照组患者采用卡培他滨(1250mg/m2,bid,口服,共14 d)进行化疗,治疗组在对照组基础上再加用鸦胆子油乳注射液(30mL静脉注射,qd,共7 d)进行联合治疗,3周为一个疗程,共8个疗程。对两组患者进行24个月的随访观察,比较两组的疗效及毒副作用和生存时间。结果治疗组的受益率显著高于对照组(P0.05),但两组总有效率比较差异不显著(P0.05);对两组患者的治疗效果进行24个月随访观察,观察组的DFS(%)为16(66.67%),OFS(%)为11(45.83)均高于对照组的7(58.33%)、5(41.67%),但是差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少在两组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),对照组的发生率明显高于治疗组。其他不良反应在两组间比较差异不具有统计学意义(P0.05);采用寿命表法计算两组中位生存期(治疗组为12个月、对照组9个月),两组比较差异不具有统计学意义(Z=2.688,P=0.1010.05)。结论鸦胆子油联合卡培他滨治疗晚期结肠癌虽然对患者生存时间和疗效上差别不大,但是可以提高总体受益率,并且可以降低患者化疗的不良反应。     

Discovery of Surfactant-Like Peptides from a Phage-Displayed Peptide Library

Peptides with specific affinities for various materials have been identified in the past three decades and utilized in materials science and engineering. A peptide’s capability to specifically interact with materials is not naturally derived but screened from a biologically constructed peptide library displayed on phages or cells. To date, due to limitations in the screening procedure, the function of screened peptides has been primarily limited to the affinity for target materials. Herein, we demonstrated the screening of surfactant-like peptides from a phage-displayed peptide library. A screened phage clone displaying a peptide showed high activity for accumulating at emulsion surfaces with certain assembled structures, resulting in stable emulsions. The surface tension for the solution of the chemically synthesized peptide decreased with increasing peptide concentration, demonstrating certain surface activity, which corresponded to the ability to decrease the surface tension of liquids (e.g., water), owing to the accumulation of molecules at the air–liquid or liquid–liquid interface. Peptides with a randomized sequence did not lower the surface tension, indicating the essential role of amino acid sequences in surface activity. Our strategy for identifying novel functional peptides from a phage-displayed peptide library can be used to expand the applicability of peptidyl materials and biosurfactants.     

长链脂肪乳剂预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨长链脂肪乳剂预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注（I/R）损伤的保护作用。方法：成年SD大鼠21只,随机分为3组,每组7只;假手术组（Sham组）：不进行任何药物处理;模型组（Model组）：0.9%氯化钠溶液2 mg·kg-1·d-1静脉注射5 d;长链脂肪乳剂组（LE组）：Intralipid 2 mg·kg-1·d-1静脉注射5 d。末次给药后24 h建立大鼠左前降支结扎I/R模型,其中Sham组只穿线不结扎。持续监测大鼠血流动力学,取心脏进行梗死面积分析,取血检测乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）。结果：与Model组比较,LE组心肌梗死面积占危险区心肌百分比（IR/AAR）和梗死面积占左室面积百分比（IR/LV）显著降低（均P＜0.05）,LDH释放量显著降低（P＜0.05）。与Sham组比较,Model组缺血期及再灌注期平均动脉压（MAP）及心率与收缩压的乘积（RPP）均显著降低（均P＜0.05）;而LE组和Sham组缺血期及再灌注期MAP及RPP比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：长链脂肪乳剂预处理能够缩小大鼠心肌I/R损伤后梗死面积、减少LDH释放,同时减缓因I/R损伤所致的血流动力学改变。     

Development,characterisation and efficacy evaluation of biochemical fungicidal formulations for postharvest control of anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz) disease in mango

The objectives of the study are to develop and characterise formulations with volatile molecules in an emulsifiable concentrate form, for their antimicrobial properties and to evaluate their efficacies against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz., to control anthracnose in mangoes after harvest. Results showed EC39 and EC40 among formulations were characterised for their excellent emulsification properties, the droplet size of 192.34?±?0.48?nm and 227.4?±?0.71?nm and Zeta potential of ?52.5?±?2.76?mv and ?48.84?±?2.62?mv, respectively, with better storage stability at 10?±?20?°C and RH 80?±?5%. In vitro assay, 100% inhibition of visual spore germination by 0.15% and 0.2% MIC value for EC39 and EC40, respectively Studies on the efficacy of their fungicide properties also indicated the IC50 value of 0.161% and 0.162% for EC39 and EC40 respectively for mycelial growth inhibition. In vivo testing too, EC39 and EC40 effectively controlled anthracnose incidence in mango in a dosage-dependent manner.