氯氰菊酯和甲基对硫磷混配对大鼠内分泌和免疫系统的影响——Ⅱ.联合作用

目的 探讨农药氯氰菊酯(Cyp)和甲基对硫磷(MP)混配对大鼠生殖激素、甲状腺激素和免疫功能的联合作用.方法 健康2月龄Wistar大鼠80只,按3×2析因设计随机分为8组(雌雄各4组).以1/30LD50剂量隔日灌胃1次,即0,Cyp 8.0mg/kg bw,MP 0.23mg/kg bw,Cyp 8.0+MP 0.23mg/kg bw,连续30天,对照组用色拉油.测量大鼠体重增长,脏器湿重;用放射免疫法测定血清生殖激素指标促黄体生成激素(LH)、促卵泡成熟激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)和睾酮(T);甲状腺激素指标(T3、T4和TSH);以及免疫指标IgG和IgA,取血测定淋巴细胞转化率、中性粒细胞吞噬率.结果 氯氰菊酯和甲基对硫磷混配对大多数指标为相加作用,但对卵巢和肾脏重量、淋巴细胞转化率和血清IgA为拮抗作用;对雌二醇的联合作用则有性别差异对雌鼠为协同作用,两种农药能分别使雌鼠血清雌二醇升高1.44倍或1.21倍;而对雄鼠则为相加作用,氯氰菊酯可使雄鼠E2值增加64.64%.结论 氯氰菊酯和甲基对硫磷混配可对大鼠生殖激素、甲状腺激素和免疫功能产生联合作用,雌二醇是较敏感的指标.     

我国育龄人群避孕套使用情况及其影响因素

目的了解我国育龄人群中男性避孕套使用情况以及主要的社会人口学影响因素，为制定相应政策，提高避孕套在普通群众中的使用率提供依据。方法采用分层、三阶段、与育龄妇女人数规模成正比的三阶段的容量比例（PPS）抽样方法获得抽查对象，由调查员入户对其进行面对面的问卷调查。结果我国育龄人群的避孕套使用率很低．不到10％，并且存在严重的地区差异。东部地区明显高于中西部地区。而城市显著高于农村。对避孕套相关知识了解较少，55．5％的妇女不知道避孕套可预防艾滋病。多因素分析结果显示，分娩次数和第1次避孕方法对妇女现在避孕套的使用影响最大。结论我国育龄妇女中避孕套使用率非常低，避孕套相关知识欠缺，应该丰富健康教育方式，提高健康教育效果。     

昆明山海棠胶囊对小鼠的生殖毒性研究

目的：探讨昆明山海棠胶囊的生殖系统毒性.方法：根据卫生部《中药新药研究指南》,进行该制剂的特殊毒理实验研究.结果：显性致死试验阳性;雌鼠均不能受孕;精子畸形率显著增高,随剂量增加而精子畸形率增高;对孕鼠重量、活胎重量及平均胎仔数等各项指标均无影响.结论：昆明山海棠胶囊具有低-中度的遗传毒性和一般生殖毒性,而无胚胎毒性.     

莫西沙星治疗泌尿生殖系支原体感染的对比研究

目的观察莫西沙星治疗泌尿生殖系支原体感染的临床疗效、安全性并与司帕沙星、左氧氟沙星进行比较. 方法 129例支原体感染的患者随机分为3组:莫西沙星组口服莫西沙星400 mg,qd,疗程为14 d;司帕沙星组口服司帕沙星200 mg,qd,疗程为14 d;左氧氟沙星组口服左氧氟沙星200 mg,bid,疗程为14 d;采用法国生物梅里埃IST试剂盒对患者标本进行支原体培养,并观察临床疗效及不良反应. 结果 3组患者临床痊愈率和总有效率分别是74.4%、65.1%、53.5%和95.3%、90.7%、69.8%;病原体清除率分别为90.7%、88.4%、67.4%.莫西沙星组、司帕沙星组与左氧氟沙星组相比差异有显著性意义,未发生严重的不良反应. 结论莫西沙星是一种治疗泌尿生殖系支原体感染高效、安全、服用方便的抗菌药物.     

产妇先兆性流产的发生与妊娠生殖道感染的相关性

【摘要】目的 探讨产妇在妊娠期出现生殖道感染与发生先兆性流产之间的关系。方法 选取2015年7月～2016年7月我院收治的62例早期先兆流产产妇设为观察组,选取同期在我院接受分娩的正常孕妇60例为对照组,行回顾性分析。对两组产妇进行白带常规镜检、解脲支原体(UU)以及沙眼衣原体(CT)阳性率检测。结果 观察组白带常规白细胞百分率、清洁度百分率、念珠菌阳性率与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组乳酸杆菌阳性率之间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);观察组患者感染UU、CT总百分比与对照组比较明显较高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组患者炎症因子水平IL 1、TNF α和IL 8明显高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 先兆性流产产妇的白带异常率、解脲支原体阳性率、沙眼衣原体阳性率和炎症因子水平均明显高于正常产妇,可能是先兆性流产发生的重要原因之一。因此应注意加强产前检查,控制产妇孕激素水平,采取积极有效的方法治疗生殖道感染,改善不良妊娠结局。     

新婚育龄夫妇达到妊娠时间影响因素分析

目的了解新婚育龄夫妇的达到妊娠时间(time to pregnancy,TTP),并探讨影响夫妇TTP的因素。方法调查广东省2007年初婚的13 189对夫妇在婚后2年期间的孕育情况,运用描述性统计和Logistic回归分析方法进行分析。结果所有夫妇的中位妊娠等待时间为5.67个月;女方年龄每增大1岁,TTP增加为原来的1.008倍;月经初潮年龄每迟来1年,TTP增加为原来的1.022倍;月经周期不规则夫妇的TTP是月经周期规则夫妇的1.280倍;月经量多或少夫妇的TTP是月经量中等夫妇的1.088倍;女方文化程度高中及以上夫妇的TTP是小学及以下夫妇的1.140倍;女方是农民工或工人的夫妇TTP是女方为农民的1.110倍;男方吸烟夫妇的TTP是不吸烟夫妇的1.182倍。结论相对其他因素,妇女的生物学因素(年龄、月经)是育龄夫妇TTP的主要影响因素。     

Subjective well-being in infertile couples

The subjective well-being of infertile couples is affected by numerous variables. One hundred and ten infertile couples were investigated using the von Zerssen symptom checklist. With the exception of sterile women of fertile men (group 1: female infertility), women and men in the overall randomized sample and the diagnostic groups (group 2: subfertility of the man; group 3: sterility of both partners; group 4: idiopathic sterility) report fewer general symptoms than the overall population of patients with somatic and psychiatric diseases. Subfertile men show lower rating in the symptom checklist than the norm. Involuntarily childless women express more symptoms than their partners.     

“Something of the two of us”. The emotionally loaded embryo disposition decision making of patients who view their embryo as a symbol of their relationship

Objectives: This paper describes a recently identified conception of the cryopreserved embryo as a symbol of one’s relationship (SOR). Methods: A questionnaire was sent together with the embryo disposition decision (EDD) form to patients for whom embryos were cryopreserved at the department in Ghent, Belgium. We collected data on patient characteristics, their EDD attitudes and the reasons for their willingness or unwillingness to consider each of the disposition options (donation to others for reproduction, donation for science and discarding). Results: The SOR view was found more often in patients who were less educated and whose last treatment was less than 3 years ago. Viewing the embryo as a SOR was not linked to more difficult decision making, but to more emotionally loaded decision making. In particular, patients with this view more often reported feelings of grief. This view was also linked to the outcome of the decision making process. Conclusion: The conception of the embryo as a SOR is part of an affective attitude towards embryos that has an impact on patients’ disposition decisions. Alongside patients’ values and principles, it is important that counselors acknowledge and clarify patients’ affective conceptualizations.     

Phytomedicine Versus Gonorrhoea: The Bapedi Experience

Records regarding the phytomedicine employed by the Bapedi are almost non-existent. This is the first study of herbal remedies used by Bapedi traditional healers to treat gonorrhoea, of concern as it is a danger to reproductive health. A semi-structured questionnaire, centred on sexual health, was administered to 30 traditional healers in 15 local municipalities across the three districts of Limpopo Province during 2009/10. The questionnaire focussed on the use of plants for medicine as well their application in reproductive health management. This investigation found that the Bapedi employed no less than 18 different plant species, sometimes as multiple-plant extracts, but more often as single-plant extracts. The single most used species was Catharanthus roseus, which accounted for 60% of all reported cases, followed by Aloe marlothii subsp. marlothii (13.3%). Both these species occur abundantly throughout the province and are currently not threatened. This is the first record for the use of Callilepis salicifolia, Jatropha zeyheri and Cotyledon orbiculata to treat gonorrhoea by people of any culture.