川渝两地准确把握慢性病公众健康需要程度分析

目的 综合分析四川省和重庆市（简称川渝）两地把握公众健康需要程度现状及差异，评价准确识别程度与慢性病防制工作的关系。 方法 系统收集川渝慢性病领域公众需要的公开信息，量化其准确识别程度，运用Spearman秩相关和线性回归模型分析公众需要程度与慢性病防制效果之间的关系。 结果 2000—2020年川渝两地准确把握慢性病公众需要程度逐渐上升。2020年川渝差异不明显（18.8% vs 20%）。两地把握公众需要程度与慢性病防制效果呈正相关（P＜0.01），四川准确把握程度对慢性病防制水平的解释程度为92%，重庆为87.6%。结论 川渝两地把握公众健康需要能力提升，但两地识别程度仍需加强。本研究采用的量化评估方法具有科学性，可进一步应用于其他公共卫生领域。     

Structural analysis of photo-degradation in thiazole-containing compounds by LC-MS/MS and NMR

The photo-degradation behavior of a pharmaceutical compound previously under development for treatment of overactive bladder was studied. Samples of {4-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-2-[4-(methyloxy)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl} acetic acid were stressed with visible light and were observed to degrade into a single primary photo-degradation product. This unknown product was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with accurate mass measurement and hydrogen/deuterium exchange to determine its molecular weight and formula, isotope distribution patterns and exchangeable protons, and product ion structures. By comparison of the fragmentation pathways of the protonated and sodiated species, the charge was found to locate in the electron-rich part of the molecule after fragmentation. MS-derived structural information combined with stopped-flow 1H LC-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis suggested that the degradation product was 4-chloro-N-(4-methoxybenzoyl)-3-fluorobenzamide. This unique photo-degradation product was subsequently isolated using preparative-scale chromatography, and its structure was confirmed using 1D and 2D NMR techniques involving the 1H, 13C, 15N and 19F nuclei. The structure of this product suggests that {4-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-2-[4-(methyloxy)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl} acetic acid has reacted with singlet oxygen (1Deltag) via a [4+2] Diels-Alder cycloaddition upon photo-irradiation to cause photo-oxygenation in the solid-state (as is common in solution phase), resulting in an unstable endoperoxide that rearranges to the final degradation product structure. Photo-degradation of a structurally related thiazole, 4-(4-Chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-amine, proceeded via a similar process but in a less reactive manner. However, when exposed to the same conditions, sulfathiazole did not degrade, indicating that this photo-degradation process may only occur for thiazole-containing compounds with specific substituents, such as aryl rings.     

基于毛细管电泳的同时检测三种蚊媒病毒方法的建立

目的 建立基于毛细管电泳的同时检测登革热病毒（DENV）、黄热病毒（YFV）和寨卡病毒（ZIKV）三种蚊媒病毒性传染病的技术方法。方法 通过对黄病毒属成员全长基因组多序列比对，分别针对DENV、YFV和ZIKV基因组保守区设计特异性引物，通过PCR并结合毛细管电泳对靶基因进行鉴定；通过构建基于毛细管电泳的分子靶标，对上述三种蚊媒病毒性传染病进行精准鉴定。结果 DENV、YFV和ZIKV全长基因组核苷酸一致性达50.5%以上。通过PCR并结合毛细管电泳均能精确鉴定出大小分别为79 bp、139 bp和168 bp的靶基因，具有较好检测特异性和准确性。构建的分子靶标可实现同时对上述三种蚊媒病毒性传染病精确鉴定。结论 本研究建立了以毛细管电泳为基础的同时精准鉴别上述三种蚊媒传播病毒性疾病的精准鉴定技术方法，为国境口岸、基层医疗等机构开展蚊媒传染病防控提供了新的技术支持。     

Variation in composite degree of conversion and microflexural strength for different curing lights and surface locations

Background

Lack of irradiance-beam profile uniformity across the emission area of light-curing units (LCUs) may result in suboptimal properties of composite restorations. The authors’ objective for this study was to assess the variation in local cure of 1 composite at 3 different LCU emission area locations cured with 3 different LCUs by means of testing the degree of conversion (DC) and microflexural strength.

Assessing the irradiance delivered from light-curing units in private dental offices in Jordan

BackgroundThe authors conducted a study to examine the irradiance from light-curing units (LCUs) used in dental offices in Jordan.MethodsTwo of the authors visited 295 private dental offices (15 percent) in Jordan and collected the following information about the LCUs: age, type (quartz-tungsten-halogen or light-emitting diode), date of last maintenance, type of maintenance, last date of use, number of times used during the day, availability of a radiometer, exposure time for each resin-based composite increment, size of light-curing tips and presence of resin-based composite on the tips. The authors used a radiometer to measure the irradiance from the LCUs. They used linear regression with stepwise correlation for the statistical analysis. The authors set the minimum acceptable irradiance at 300 milliwatts/square centimeter.ResultsThe mean irradiance of the 295 LCUs examined was 361 mW/cm², and 136 LCUs (46.1 percent) delivered an irradiance of less than 300 mW/cm². The unit's age, type and presence of resin-based composite on the light-curing tips had a significant effect on the irradiance (P ≤ .001).ConclusionsOnly 37 of the 141 quartz-tungsten-halogen units (26.2 percent) and 122 of the 154 light-emitting diode units (79.2 percent) delivered at least 300 mW/cm². Resin contamination on the light-curing tips had a significant effect on the irradiance delivered. The irradiance from the LCUs decreased with use.Practical ImplicationsThe irradiance from many of the units in this study was less than 300 mW/cm², which may affect the quality of resin-based composite restorations. Dentists should monitor the performance of the LCUs in their offices weekly.     

基于CT值的外轮廓提取方法在精确放疗计划制定中的实现

目的 给精确放疗计划制定中的剂量计算和人体外形三维重建提供准确的外轮廓。方法借助W／L算法，在分析CT值与人体组织关系的基础上，用基于CT值的方法实现人体外轮廓的提取。结果和常用的外轮廓提取方法相比，提取的结果基本一致，但速度提高了2．5倍。结论基于CT值的外轮廓提取方法无需进行二值化，能快速准确地提取人体的外轮廓，在精确放射治疗方面的应用性较强。     

Negative pressure wound therapy in grade 1 and 2 diabetic foot ulcers: A randomized controlled study

Background and aimsFoot ulcers are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among diabetics in India. Early diagnosis and timely management is vital in preventing the progression of the disease which may require amputation. Conventional methods take a long time for healing. This study aims to compare negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and conventional saline dressings in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) healing.MethodsThis prospective randomized study was conducted in 45 patients with grade 1 and 2 DFUs. 22 patients in group A received NPWT and 23 patients in group B received saline dressings. The formation of granulation tissue, reduction in ulcer size, duration of hospital stay and time for complete healing of wounds were assessed.ResultsThe formation of granulation tissue (91.14 vs 52.61%, p < 0.001) and reduction in ulcer size (40.78 vs 21.18%, p = 0.008) at 14 days was significantly more in group A. The duration of hospital stay (15.68 vs 29.00 days, p < 0.001) and time for 100% coverage of the wound with granulation tissue (14.82 ± 7.30 vs 44.57 ± 7.11 days, p < 0.001) was significantly less in group A. Complete healing of wounds at 3 months was observed in 20 patients (90.9%) in group A and 6 patients (26.1%) in group B (p = 0.006).ConclusionIn our study NPWT led to early reduction in ulcer size, more granulation tissue formation, shorter hospital stay and complete wound healing. In lower and middle income countries like India with high prevalence of DFUs, early recovery is a boon to the patients to resume their daily activities.     

应用可视骨凿精准成形在全可视脊柱内镜下手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效分析

【摘要】 目的：探讨应用可视骨凿精准成形技术在全可视脊柱内镜（full-visualized spinal endoscopy，FVSE）下手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2020年7月~2022年12月在我院行FVSE下手术治疗的143例单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料。其中63例应用可视骨凿精准成形技术（骨凿组），男37例，女26例，年龄19~68岁（45.3±15.1岁），体重指数（body mass index，BMI）19.2~25.6kg/m2（22.3±1.8kg/m2）；L2/3 8例，L3/4 15例，L4/5 25例，L5/S1 15例；膨隆型20例，突出型22例，脱出型12例，游离型9例；中央型10例，旁中央型21例，椎间孔型24例，极外侧型8例。80例应用环锯切除部分上关节突成形技术（环锯组），男46例，女34例，年龄19~68岁（43.8±14.1岁），BMI 19.2~24.1kg/m2（21.5±1.6kg/m2）；L2/3 9例，L3/4 17例，L4/5 30例，L5/S1 24例；膨隆型23例，突出型31例，脱出型19例，游离型7例；中央型13例，旁中央型27例，椎间孔型29例，极外侧型11例。记录并比较两组患者手术时间、术中总出血量、透视次数、住院时间，测量术前、术后3d及末次随访时手术节段椎间孔面积，术前、术后3d、术后1个月、术后6个月及末次随访时行腰腿痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale，VAS）、Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index，ODI）评定及日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopedic Association，JOA）评分，末次随访时采用MacNab标准评估疗效。结果：骨凿组手术时间、术中总出血量与透视次数分别为84.6±14.3min、23.1±8.3mL与2.9±1.6次，环锯组分别为86.6±15.1min、32.2±6.4mL与5.6±1.0次，骨凿组总出血量及透视次数均较环锯组少（P＜0.05），两组手术时间无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。143例患者均获得随访，随访时间9~20个月，两组术后3d及末次随访时的椎间孔面积均较术前变大（P＜0.05），环锯组术后3d及末次随访时的椎间孔面积变化率均大于骨凿组（P＜0.05）。两组术后3d、1个月、6个月与末次随访时的VAS评分、JOA评分和ODI与术前比较均有显著性改善（P＜0.05），两组同时间点比较均无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。末次随访时MacNab标准疗效评定，骨凿组优43例，良18例，中2例，差0例，优良率96.8%；环锯组优57例，良20例，中3例，差0例，优良率96.3%，两组优良率无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。结论：FVSE下应用骨凿精准成形技术治疗单节段腰椎间盘突出症与应用环锯成形技术的临床效果相近，但应用可视骨凿精准成形术中透视次数少、出血少。     

Metabolism and excretion kinetics of C-labeled and non-labeled difloxacin in pigs after oral administration, and antimicrobial activity of manure containing difloxacin and its metabolites

Fluoroquinolones are amongst the most important antibiotics used in veterinary medicine. On this account the behavior of difloxacin (DIF) and its metabolites was investigated by administering the ¹⁴C-labeled and non-labeled veterinary drug to fattening pigs. The excretion kinetics were determined after daily collection of manure. Sarafloxacin (SAR) was found to be the major metabolite, three further trace metabolites were also recovered, applying high-resolution (HR) mass spectrometric technique. The identification of DIF and SAR was confirmed by comparison with the spectroscopic and chromatographic data of the authentic references. The identification of the three trace metabolites was performed by HR-MS/MS. Only 8.1% of the administered radioactivity remained in the pig after 10 days and DIF accounted for 95.9% of the radioactivity excreted. More than 99% of the labeled compounds were detected and identified in the manure. The mean recoveries for all single electrolytes were ?94%. Linearity was established over concentration range 10-10,000 μg/kg manure with a correlation coefficient ?0.99. By using in vitro antimicrobial activity tests against a group of standard pathogenic control strains, the results showed that the residual antibiotic concentrations in the manure of pigs are high enough to exhibit antibacterial activity.     

Mass spectrometric profiling of (neuro)-peptides in the worker honeybee, Apis mellifera

The honeybee is the economically most important beneficial insect and a model for studying immunity, development and social behavior. Hence, this species was selected for genome sequencing and annotation. An intensive interplay between bioinformatics and mass spectrometry (MS) resulted in the annotation of 36 neuropeptide genes (Hummon et al., 2006). Exactly 100 peptides were demonstrated by a variety of MS techniques. In this follow-up study we dissected and analysed separately all ganglia of the central nervous system (CNS) of adult worker bees in three repeats. The combined MALDI-TOF spectra enabled the accurate mapping of 67 peptides, encoded by 20 precursors. We also demonstrated the expression of an additional but already predicted peptide. In addition to putative bioactive peptides we also list and discuss spacer peptides, propeptides and truncated peptides. The majority of such peptides have a more restricted distribution pattern. Their presence provides some information on the precursor turnover and/or the location of neural cell bodies in which they are produced. Of a given precursor, the (neuro)-peptides with the widest distribution pattern are likely to be the best candidates to interact with receptors. The separate analysis of a neuroendocrine complex and the mushroom body yields suggestions as to which (neuro)-peptides might act as hormones and which neuropeptides might be involved in the complex spectrum of non-hormone driven honeybee behaviour, at these sites. Our data complement immunohistochemical studies of (neuro)-peptides in the honeybee, and form a reference for comparative studies in other insect or arthropod models, in particular in the light of recent or upcoming genome projects. Finally, they also form a firm basis for physiological, functional and/or differential peptidomics studies in the honeybee.