15例儿童急性早幼粒细胞性白血病临床及治疗研究

目的探讨儿童急性早幼粒细胞性白血病(APL)的临床特点及其治疗。方法选取2002年6月~2007年3月我院诊治15例APL患儿。单剂AS2O3诱导分化治疗,达到完全缓解后采用DA/HA/IDA方案与ATRA/AS2O3序贯治疗。辅以小分子肝素抗凝治疗,必要时加用白细胞置换术。观察其临床特点、血常规、出凝血指标、肝肾功能、心电图,监测PML/RARa融合基因、染色体的变化。结果15例患儿2例早期死亡,12例PML/RARa融合基因阳性者均得到完全缓解。AS2O3治疗1周白细胞上升最高,治疗两周开始下降,D-Dimer正常,出血倾向减轻或消失。治疗6~8周CR。结论单剂AS2O3诱导分化治疗,对PML/RARa融合基因阳性,存在染色体t(15;17)患者,均能完全缓解率。且毒副反应较小。早期小分子肝素钙应用配合血浆输注,必要时行白细胞单采术帮助大多数患儿安全度过DIC,获得长期生存。     

The effect of two additive solutions on the postthaw storage of RBCs

BACKGROUND: Sterile systems for freezing and for washing thawed blood will allow the storage of RBCs for more than 24 hours after removal of the cryoprotectant glycerol. This study assessed the effect of two ASs in maintaining deglycerolized RBCs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-four RBC units were stored for 6 days, pooled in groups of 4, realiquoted, sterilely glycerolized, and frozen. One month later, the units were thawed, sterilely deglycerolized by using an automated system (H215; Haemonetics), and stored for 5 weeks in either 100 or 200 mL of AS-3 or an experimental AS (EAS-61). Sterile samples were taken weekly for chemical and morphometric analysis. RESULTS: The glycerolization and deglycerolization process produced highly comparable RBC units, but it caused a marked reduction of RBC pH, to about 6.4 at the beginning of storage. The addition of acidic AS-3 further reduced the pH, which in turn reduced glucose consumption, lactate formation, and RBC ATP concentrations. Alkaline EAS-61 increased these measures. Hypotonic EAS-61 caused increased cell swelling and hemolysis, despite better RBC morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Automation of sterile glycerolization and deglycerolization with the H215 works well, but the solutions should be reformulated for extended postthaw storage. This would best be accomplished by raising the pH of the wash solutions by the addition of disodium phosphate or sodium bicarbonate or both, by using alkaline ASs, and by matching the osmolality of the wash solution and ASs.     

基于16S rRNA技术研究电针对动脉粥样硬化兔动脉斑块及肠道菌群科水平的影响

目的:观察电针防治干预对动脉粥样硬化(AS)动脉斑块及科水平肠道菌群结构特征的影响,筛选特征性菌群,探析电针抗AS的机制。方法:实验兔平均随机分为空白组、模型组、防治组,每组6只。模型组以高脂饲料结合颈总动脉球囊损伤术方法造模;防治组先予电针干预后造模,后再予电针干预。观察油红O染色、16S rRNA测序与生信分析结果。结果:防治组颈动脉内壁沉积脂质斑块明显少于模型组;空白组与防治组组间肠道菌群群落差异更小;防治组S24-7、Synergistaceae、Veillonellaceae、[Mogibacteriaceae]科菌群相对丰度与模型组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),与空白组相近。结论:AS与肠道菌群结构变化有关,电针能抑制动脉斑块形成并调整肠道菌群结构,可能与S24-7 Veillonellaceae、[Mogibacteriaceae]科菌群相对丰度有关。     

Comparison of plateletpheresis on the Fresenius AS.TEC 204 and Haemonetics MCS 3p

This is an attempt at comparing two cell separators for plateletpheresis, namely the Fresenius AS.TEC 204 and Haemonetics MCS 3p, at a tertiary care center in India. Donors who weighed between 55-75 kg, who had a hematocrit of 41-43%, and platelet counts of 250x10(3)-400x10(3)/microl were selected for the study. The comparability of the donors who donated on the two cell separators were analysed by t-test independent samples and no significant differences were found (P>0.05). The features compared were time taken for the procedure, volume processed on the separators, adverse reactions of the donors, quality control of the product, separation efficiency of the separators, platelet loss in the donors after the procedure, and the predictor versus the actual yield of platelets given by the cell separator. The volume processed to get a target yield of >3x10(11) was equal to 2.8-3.2 l and equal in both the cell separators. Symptoms of citrate toxicity were seen in 4 and 2.5% of donors who donated on the MCS 3p and the AS.TEC 204, respectively, and 3 and 1% of donors, respectively, had vasovagal reactions. All the platelet products collected had a platelet count of >3x10(11); 90% of the platelet products collected on the AS.TEC 204 attained the predicted yield that was set on the cell separator where as 75% of the platelet products collected on the MCS 3p attained the target yield. Quality control of the platelets collected on both the cell separators complied with the standards except that 3% of the platelets collected on the MCS 3p had a visible red cell contamination. The separation efficiency of the MCS 3p was higher, 50-52% as compared to the 40-45% on the AS.TEC 204. A provision of double venous access, less adverse reactions, negligible RBC contamination with a better predictor yield of platelets makes the AS.TEC 204 a safer and more reliable alternative than the widely used Haemonetics MCS 3p.     

颈内动脉超声检查预诊冠心病价值的研究

目的探讨颈内动脉（ICA）超声检查预诊冠心病的价值。方法用超声观察临床确诊的冠心病患者的ICA，并与部分冠脉造影（CAG）对比。根据临床表现和CAG结果分组；扫查双侧颈内动脉（ICA）；观察动脉内径（D）、内-中膜厚度（IMT）、有无斑块及数量、是否钙化、彩色血流是否缺损、血流速度（收缩期Vs、舒张期Vd、平均血流速度Vm）、搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）。结果本研究显示，心肌梗死组表现为动脉内径增大、血流速度减慢，特别是Vd和Vm的减慢。斑块形成早期，血管造影可有假阴性，高频超声在小斑块的检出中较血管造影更为敏感。结论ICA的IMT增加或内-中膜粗糙，回声不均或增强，是动脉粥样硬化的早期表现，超声检查ICA对预诊冠心病有一定的应用价值。     

High levels of soluble GPR56/ADGRG1 are associated with positive rheumatoid factor and elevated tumor necrosis factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Background

GPR56/ADGRG1 is a member of the adhesion-class G protein-coupled receptor (aGPCR) family important in brain development, oncogenesis and tumor metastasis. Like other aGPCRs, GPR56 is cleaved at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) motif into an N-terminal fragment (NTF) and a C-terminal fragment (CTF). Existence of soluble GPR56 (sGPR56) has been shown in vitro, however the underlying mechanism and its pathophysiologic role remains undetermined.

Ten-year experience with transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement in Finland

Aim: We investigated the outcomes of transcatheter (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in Finland during the last decade.

Methods: The nationwide FinnValve registry included data from 6463 patients who underwent TAVR or SAVR with a bioprosthesis for aortic stenosis from 2008 to 2017.

Results: The annual number of treated patients increased three-fold during the study period. Thirty-day mortality declined from 4.8% to 1.2% for TAVR (p?=?.011) and from 4.1% to 1.8% for SAVR (p?=?.048). Two-year survival improved from 71.4% to 83.9% for TAVR (p?<?.001) and from 87.2% to 91.6% for SAVR (p?=?.006). During the study period, a significant reduction in moderate-to-severe paravalvular regurgitation was observed among TAVR patients and a reduction of the rate of acute kidney injury was observed among both SAVR and TAVR patients. Similarly, the rate of red blood cell transfusion and severe bleeding decreased significantly among SAVR and TAVR patients. Hospital stay declined from 10.4?±?8.4 to 3.7?±?3.4 days after TAVR (p?<?.001) and from 9.0?±?5.9 to 7.8?±?5.1 days after SAVR (p?<?.001).

Conclusions: In Finland, the introduction of TAVR has led to an increase in the invasive treatment of severe aortic stenosis, which was accompanied by improved early outcomes after both SAVR and TAVR.

Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03385915

• Key Messages

• This study demonstrated that the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement has led to its widespread use as an invasive treatment for severe aortic stenosis.

• Early and 2-year survival after transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement has improved during past decade.

• Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has fulfilled its previously unmet clinical needs and has surpassed surgical aortic valve replacement as the most common invasive treatment for aortic stenosis.