红细胞膜免疫磁珠检测成分血中抗A/抗B的研究

目的比较应用红细胞膜免疫磁珠法及传统方法进行成分血中抗A/抗B效价检测之间的相关性。建立应用红细胞膜免疫磁珠检测血浆标本中高效价抗体的方法。方法采用新鲜细胞试管法、微柱凝胶法及红细胞膜免疫磁珠法进行血浆样本抗体效价检测。将试管法检测效价≥128的样本10倍、15倍、20倍稀释后,用红细胞膜免疫磁珠检测,测定其凝集强度。结果微柱凝胶法最敏感,其次为试管法,红细胞膜免疫磁珠法低于试管法1个滴度。将试管法检测效价≥128的待检样本15倍稀释后,用红细胞膜免疫磁珠检测,其凝集强度≥2+。结论红细胞膜免疫磁珠可做为标准红细胞抗原应用于抗体效价检测,将样本进行15倍稀释,若凝集强度≥2+,则可视其带有高效价抗体。     

Publishing data from electronic health records while preserving privacy: A survey of algorithms

The dissemination of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) can be highly beneficial for a range of medical studies, spanning from clinical trials to epidemic control studies, but it must be performed in a way that preserves patients’ privacy. This is not straightforward, because the disseminated data need to be protected against several privacy threats, while remaining useful for subsequent analysis tasks. In this work, we present a survey of algorithms that have been proposed for publishing structured patient data, in a privacy-preserving way. We review more than 45 algorithms, derive insights on their operation, and highlight their advantages and disadvantages. We also provide a discussion of some promising directions for future research in this area.     

Digital video analysis of health professionals’ interactions with an electronic whiteboard: A longitudinal,naturalistic study of changes to user interactions

As hospital departments continue to introduce electronic whiteboards in real clinical settings a range of human factor issues have emerged and it has become clear that there is a need for improved methods for designing and testing these systems. In this study, we employed a longitudinal and naturalistic method in the usability evaluation of an electronic whiteboard system. The goal of the evaluation was to explore the extent to which usability issues experienced by users change as they gain more experience with the system. In addition, the paper explores the use of a new approach to collection and analysis of continuous digital video recordings of naturalistic “live” user interactions. The method developed and employed in the study included recording the users’ interactions with system during actual use using screen-capturing software and analyzing these recordings for usability issues. In this paper we describe and discuss both the method and the results of the evaluation. We found that the electronic whiteboard system contains system-related usability issues that did not change over time as the clinicians collectively gained more experience with the system. Furthermore, we also found user-related issues that seemed to change as the users gained more experience and we discuss the underlying reasons for these changes. We also found that the method used in the study has certain advantages over traditional usability evaluation methods, including the ability to collect analyze live user data over time. However, challenges and drawbacks to using the method (including the time taken for analysis and logistical issues in doing live recordings) should be considered before utilizing a similar approach. In conclusion we summarize our findings and call for an increased focus on longitudinal and naturalistic evaluations of health information systems and encourage others to apply and refine the method utilized in this study.     

New method of neck surface electromyography for the evaluation of tongue‐lifting activity

Elevation of the posterior part of the tongue is important for normal deglutition and speech. The purpose of this study was to develop a new surface electromyography (EMG) method to non‐invasively and objectively evaluate activity in the muscles that control lifting movement in the posterior tongue. Neck surface EMG (N‐EMG) was recorded using differential surface electrodes placed on the neck, 1 cm posterior to the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle on a line orthogonal to the lower border of the mandible. Experiment 1: Three healthy volunteers (three men, mean age 37·7 years) participated in an evaluation of detection method of the posterior tongue lifting up movement. EMG recordings from the masseter, temporalis and submental muscles and N‐EMG revealed that i) N‐EMG was not affected by masseter muscle EMG and ii) N‐EMG activity was not observed during simple jaw opening and tongue protrusion, revealing the functional difference between submental surface EMG and N‐EMG. Experiment 2: Seven healthy volunteers (six men and one woman, mean age 27·9 years) participated in a quantitative evaluation of muscle activity. Tongue‐lifting tasks were perfor‐med, exerting a prescribed force of 20, 50, 100 and 150 gf with visual feedback. For all subjects, a significant linear relationship was observed bet‐ween the tongue‐lifting force and N‐EMG activity (P < 0·01). These findings indicate that N‐EMG can be used to quantify the force of posterior tongue lifting and could be useful to evaluate the effect of tongue rehabilitation in future studies.     

Baby Gate–Related Injuries Among Children in the United States, 1990–2010

ObjectiveBaby gates are one of the most widely used home safety products to protect children from home hazards. The objective was to describe the epidemiology of baby gate and barrier-associated injuries among children. It was hypothesized that injuries experienced by children ages ≤2 years and those >2 years were significantly different as a result of differences in gate interactions.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted by using nationally representative data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System. A total of 1188 actual cases were reviewed and national estimates generated.ResultsAn estimated 37,673 children were treated in emergency departments for injuries associated with gates, yielding an average of 1794 cases annually. The incidence of gate-related injuries increased significantly from 3.9 per 100,000 children in 1990 to 12.5 per 100,000 children in 2010 (P < .001). Patients were primarily boys (61.0%) and were <2 years of age (60.4%). Patients <2 years of age were most often injured by falls down stairs (odds ratio 6.72; 95% confidence interval 6.32–7.16) after the collapse of the gate. Patients aged 2 to 6 were most often injured by contact with the gate (odds ratio 2.03; 95% confidence interval 1.95–2.12), resulting in open wounds (55.4%) and soft-tissue injuries (24.2%).ConclusionsGiven the clear dichotomy between injury characteristics of patients aged <2 years and patients aged 2 to 6 years of age, as well as the prevalence of preventable injuries, greater efforts are needed to promote proper usage, ensure safety in product design, and increase awareness of age-related recommendations for use of gates.     

Acoustic and tongue kinematic vowel space in speakers with and without dysarthria

Purpose: The purpose is to investigate acoustic and tongue body kinematic vowel dispersion patterns and vowel space in speakers with and without dysarthria secondary to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Method: Acoustic and tongue kinematic vowel spaces were examined at the same time sampling point using electromagnetic articulography in 11 speakers with dysarthria secondary to ALS and 11 speakers without dysarthria. Tongue kinematic data were collected from the tongue body sensor (～25?mm posterior from the tongue apex). A number of acoustic and tongue body kinematic variables were tested.

Result: The result showed that the acoustic and tongue kinematic vowel dispersion patterns are different between the groups. Acoustic and tongue body kinematic vowel spaces are highly correlated; however, unlike acoustic vowel space, tongue body kinematic vowel space was not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusion: Both acoustic and tongue kinematic vowel dispersion patterns are sensitive to the group difference, especially with high vowels. The tongue kinematic vowel space approach is too crude to differentiate the speakers with dysarthria secondary to ALS from speakers without dysarthria. To examine tongue range of motion in speakers with dysarthria, a more refined articulatory kinematic approach needs to be examined in the future.     

性学人物研究王效道

王效道，1928年生，1952年毕业于北京辅仁大学教育系，曾任北京大学医学部医学心理学教研室负责人、中国高等医学教育学会医学心理学教育分会副会长、中国性学会秘书长、《中国性学》杂志主编等。在60年的职业生涯中，王效道为我国的心理卫生事业和性健康教育事业的建设和发展，以及中国性学会和《中国性学》杂志的创办和发展，都做出了重大的贡献。