高渗氯化钠羟乙基淀粉40注射液高容量血液稀释对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of hypervolemic hemodilution (HH) with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 10 each): group I sham operation (group S); group II I/R and group Ⅲ HH. Partial liver ischemia was produced by clamping hepatic portal vein and left arteria hepatica for 30 min with atraumatic mini-clamp, followed by 2 h of reperfusion in I/R group and HH group. In HH group the animals were infused hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio 10 ml/kg through vena caudalis over 30 min and then hepatic I/R was performed IS min after the infusion.The animals were killed at 2 h of reperfusion. The left liver was removed and blood sample was taken from inferior caval vein for determination of (1) serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities; (2) superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and malondialdehyde ( MDA) content in the liver; ( 3 ) microscopic examination. Results The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly higher, SOD activity in the liver significantly lower after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver severer in group I/R and HH than in group S. The serum ALT and AST activities and MDA content in the liver were significantly lower, SOD activity in the liver significantly higher after hepatic I/R and pathological changes in the liver milder in group HH than in group I/R. Conclusion Hypervolemic hemodilution with hypertonic saline plus hetastarch solution 40 injectio can ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by decreasing oxygen free radical production in rats.     

老年重症急性胰腺炎并急性肾功能衰竭诊治分析

重症急性胰腺炎（severe acute pancrertitis，SAP）病情凶险，发病迅速，并发症多，SAP伴发。肾功能障碍又称胰性肾病，发生率14％～43％，病死率71％～84％。近5年我院收治老年SAP中有9例合并急性肾功能衰竭（ARF），现结合有关文献，讨论如下。     

缬氨酸对肝昏迷兔血浆支链α-酮酸的影响

报告了用气相色谱法测定血浆支链酮酸(Branched-ChainKetoAcids;BCKA’s)浓度,以及静脉输注高浓度L-缬氨酸(L-valine,val)治疗半乳糖胺引起兔肝昏迷(HepaticComa;　HC)的结果。HC兔血浆BCKA’S明显低于正常组水平,相对应的支链氨基酸(Branched-Ghain　Amino　acids;BCAA’S)及其它氨基酸多数增高,芳香族氨基酸(AromaticAminoAcids;AAA'S)大幅度升高,用5%val静脉输注48h,血浆BCKA’S提高约3倍,BCAA’S改变不大,AAA’S下降37%;血浆BCKA’S/BCAA’S、BCAA’S/AAA’S比值也明显增高。提示,高浓度val能纠正HC血浆BCKA’S及主要氨基酸紊乱。     

慢性肾衰的预防与治疗

所谓慢性肾衰，其全称是慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)，是一种临床综合症。在各种肾脏疾病的晚期，肾功能减退，水、电解质平衡失调，毒素不能顺利经尿液排出，引起全身中毒症状。目前来说，大部分治疗慢性肾衰的措施，只能延缓慢性肾衰的进程，晚期只能靠透析和肾移植。因此，慢性肾衰目前还是一种难以治疗的疾病。既然如此，预防慢性肾衰的发生尤为重要。     

复合酶中糖化酶活力的测定

复合糖化酶的酶活力检测是主要的质量控制指标,只有选用合理的糖化酶活力检测方法,才能真实反映出复合酶中糖化酶活力的高低.为避免因协同作用而产生的复合酶中其他酶制剂对糖化酶活力检测的干扰,作者总结了以往的研究成果,结合4种不同酶制剂的作用机理,最终否定了常用的淀粉底物法,确定了麦芽糖底物法为首选方法.     

不同浓度羟乙基淀粉对健康成人血小板功能的影响

羟乙基淀粉作为人工血浆代用品广泛应用于临床，其分子量、取代级和使用剂量是影响血小板凝血功能的主要因素。本研究拟观察不同浓度羟乙基淀粉对健康成人静脉血血小板表面的黏附作用以及血小板膜糖蛋白（GP）Ⅱb-Ⅲa和血小板表面标志物P-选择素的表达的影响。     

消化系疾患的血清氨基酸检测

本文报告50名正常人及73例消化系疾病患者血清游离氨基酸检测结果。使用氨基酸自动分析仪,对血中40余种氨基酸组分进行定性定量测定。肝硬化病人芳香氨基酸显著升高,支/芳分子比值明显低于正常值(P<0.01),甲硫氨酸、色氨酸均升高.肝脓疡.消化道肿瘤患者也有此种变化(P<0.05)。统计21种组分中,各病理组有10多种组分有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。结果提示:血液氨基酸测定可为某些消化系疾患,尤其是肝病的诊治提供较好指标。本文改进自动分析条件,节省时间。节约试剂。     

淀粉与丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物性质的研究

研究了小麦淀粉与丙烯酰胺的接枝共聚物的物理特性和结构特征,实验结果表明:该接枝共聚物在热性质上与原淀粉有明显的区别,其糊化温度比原淀粉略低,粘度热稳定性及溶解度较原淀粉均有提高。接枝共聚反应不仅发生在淀粉颗粒的表面上,而且也发生在颗粒结构的内部,但反应仅发生在淀粉的无定型区。     

抗性淀粉的研究进展

抗性淀粉是天然存在的，为健康者小肠中不吸收的淀粉及其降解产物，它主要存在于整粒和回生的高淀粉类食物中，可被结肠的菌群分解为乙酸、丙酸和丁酸等短链脂肪酸。其主要作用有预防结肠癌和糖尿病、促进无机盐吸收、治疗腹泻、提高机体免疫能力等。抗性淀粉作为新兴的研究领域已受到人们的重视。