Chronic consumption of a high‐fat diet rich in corn oil activates intrinsic cell death pathway and induces several ultrastructural changes in the atria of healthy and type 1 diabetic rat

This study investigates the effect of chronic consumption of a high‐fat diet rich in corn oil (CO‐HFD) on atrial cells ultrastructure, antioxidant levels and markers of intrinsic cell death of both control and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM)‐induced rats. Adult male rats (10 rats/group) were divided into four groups: control fed standard diet (STD) (3.82 kcal/g, 9.4% fat), CO‐HFD (5.4 kcal/g, 40% fat), T1DM fed STD, and T1DM + CO‐HFD. CO‐HFD and T1DM alone or in combination impaired systolic and diastolic functions of rats and significantly reduced levels of GSH and the activity of SOD, enhanced lipid peroxidation, increased protein levels of P53, Bax, cleaved caspase‐3, and ANF and decreased levels of Bcl‐2 in their atria. Concomitantly, atrial cells exhibited fragmentation of the myofibrils, disorganized mitochondria, decreased number of atrionatriuretic factor (ANF) granules, and loss of gap junctions accompanied by changes in capillary walls. Among all treatments, the severity of all these findings was more severe in T1DM and most profound in the atria of T1DM + CO‐HFD. In conclusion, chronic consumption of CO‐HFD by T1DM‐induced rats elicits significant biochemical and ultrastructural damage to rat atrial cells accompanied by elevated oxidative stress and mitochondria‐mediated cell death.     

紫花苜蓿与无芒雀麦混合青贮对发酵品质的影响

为探讨紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）与无芒雀麦（bromus inermis）不同比例混合青贮对发酵品质的影响,分别开展苜蓿、无芒雀麦分别单独青贮和苜蓿＋无芒雀麦以9：1、7：3、5：5比例混合处理青贮对发酵品质及营养成分变化的影响研究。结果表明：三个混合青贮的发酵品质及营养成分与分别单独青贮其差异显著。单独苜蓿青贮的氨态氮、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量最高,乳酸含量最低,青贮饲料发酵品质差。紫花苜蓿＋无芒雀麦混合7：3比例青贮后,氨态氮、ADF、NDF含量低,乳酸含量和粗蛋白质保持率最高。因此,建议在青贮发酵过程中,以紫花苜蓿＋无芒雀麦7：3比例混合青贮,有利于提高青贮饲料的发酵品质。     

饲喂整粒玉米对绵羊育肥性能的影响

本次试验旨在判断饲喂整粒玉米是否影响绵羊育肥性能。通过2014年3月20日至5月30日对新疆兵团第九师164团育肥羊场100只德国美利奴与哈萨克羊的杂交后代的育肥试验,结果表明,试验组羊只平均日增重(246.5±28.9) g、屠宰率(47.89±1.22)%,对照组羊只平均日增重(209.3±25.4) g、屠宰率(47.78±1.06)%,两组间日增重差异显著（P<0.05）、屠宰率差异不显著（P>0.05）。因此在绵羊育肥中可用整粒玉米代替粉碎玉米,即可提高绵羊育肥的日增重,同时在一定程度上可节省饲料粉碎机械的磨损,减轻工人的劳动强度,减少育肥成本,提高绵羊育肥的经济效益。     

超声波加酶法提取玉米须黄酮的工艺研究

目的采用正交实验法优化玉米须黄酮的提取工艺条件。方法以加酶量、超声时间、酶解温度和pH值为考察因素,黄酮提取率为考察指标,进行4因素3水平设计,获得最佳提取工艺,并进行方差分析。结果主要影响因素依次为:加酶量、超声时间、pH值、酶解温度。超声加酶法提取玉米须黄酮的最佳提取条件为:加酶量0.030g、超声时间60min、酶解温度30℃、pH值为3,所得最佳黄酮提取率为1.26%。结论 3次平行验证实验得到实际平均提取率为1.26%,优选的工艺稳定可行。     

In vitro cytotoxicity of fungi spoiling maize silage

Penicillium roqueforti, Penicillium paneum, Monascus ruber, Alternaria tenuissima, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum, Byssochlamys nivea and Aspergillus fumigatus have previously been identified as major fungal contaminants of Danish maize silage. In the present study their metabolite production and in vitro cytotoxicity have been determined for fungal agar and silage extracts. All 8 fungal species significantly affected Caco-2 cell viability in the resazurin assay, with large variations for each species and growth medium. The 50% inhibition concentrations (IC₅₀) of the major P. roqueforti metabolites roquefortine C (48 μg/mL), andrastin A (>50 μg/mL), mycophenolic acid (>100 μg/mL) and 1-hydroxyeremophil-7(11),9(10)-dien-8-one (>280 μg/mL) were high. Fractionating of agar extracts identified PR-toxin as an important cytotoxic P. roqueforti metabolite, also detectable in maize silage. The strongly cytotoxic B. nivea and P. paneum agar extracts contained patulin above the IC₅₀ of 0.6 μg/mL, however inoculated onto maize silage B. nivea and P. paneum did not produce patulin (>371 μg/kg). Still B. nivea infected maize silage containing mycophenolic acid (∼50 mg/kg), byssochlamic acid and other metabolites, was cytotoxic. In contrast hot-spots of P. roqueforti, P. paneum, M. ruber and A. fumigatus were not more cytotoxic than uninoculated silage.     

玉米活性多糖对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用

目的：研究玉米活性多糖（CAP）对糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用。方法：小鼠50只随机分为空白对照组、四氧嘧啶模型组和CAP 3.50、1.75、0.88 g·kg ^-1 3个剂量组,每天给予CAP 1次,连续15 d,于第6天除空白对照组外,各组小鼠均尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶生理盐水溶液 80 mg·kg^-1,空白对照组尾静脉注射 同体积生理盐水。末次给药前16 h将所有各组小鼠饥饿,末次给药后1 h,于小鼠眼球采血,分离血清,采用全自动生化分析仪测血糖含量;立即处死小鼠,取肝脏测小鼠肝糖元含量。另取60只小鼠,分组方法同上,每天给予CAP 1次,连续10 d。除空白对照组外,其余各组均在末次给予CAP后1 ｈ腹腔注射盐酸肾上腺素250 μg·kg^-1,30 min后断头取 血,测血糖含量,取肝组织测肝糖元含量。结果：CAP 3.50 g·kg^-1对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖升高有明显的抑制作用（P<0.05）,对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠肝糖元含量有明显的降低作用（P<0.05）,且CAP 3.50 g·kg^-1 优于1.75 g·kg^-1。3.50、 1.75和 0.88 g·kg^-1剂量组对肾上腺素小鼠血糖升高均有明显的抑制作用（P<0.001、P<0.01和P <0.05）,对肾上腺素造成小鼠肝糖元降低有明显的升高作用,且3.50 g·kg^-1优于 1.75 g·kg^-1。结论：CAP对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠及肾上腺素血糖升高小鼠具有明显的降血糖作用。     

玉米粗多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的:研究玉米粗多糖对小鼠细胞免疫及非特异性免疫功能的影响。方法:小鼠以0.026 7,0.267,0.8 g.kg-1玉米粗多糖ig 30 d后,分别进行迟发型变态反应试验、碳廓清试验、ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验。结果:玉米粗多糖能增强小鼠迟发型变态反应,能提高小鼠单核-巨噬细胞的碳廓清能力,对小鼠ConA诱导的脾淋巴细胞转化能力和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力无明显影响。结论:玉米粗多糖可提高小鼠细胞免疫功能,增强小鼠碳廓清能力。     

Alteration of a Cry1A Shared Binding Site in a Cry1Ab-Selected Colony of Ostrinia furnacalis

The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée, 1854), is a highly damaging pest in Asia and the Pacific islands, and larvae feed mainly from corn crops. To determine the suitability of Bt-corn technology for the future control of this pest, understanding the potential to develop resistance to Cry1Ab and the basis of cross-resistance to other Cry1 proteins is of great interest. Here, we have explored the binding of Cry1A proteins to brush border membrane vesicles from two O. furnacalis colonies, one susceptible (ACB-BtS) and one laboratory-selected with Cry1Ab (ACB-AbR). The insects developed resistance to Cry1Ab and showed cross-resistance to Cry1Aa, Cry1Ac, and Cry1F. Binding assays with radiolabeled Cry1Ab and brush border membrane vesicles from susceptible insects showed that Cry1A proteins shared binding sites, though the results were not conclusive for Cry1F. The results were confirmed using radiolabeled Cry1Aa. The resistant insects showed a reduction of the specific binding of both Cry1Ab and Cry1Aa, suggesting that part of the binding sites were lost or altered. Competition binding assays showed full competition between Cry1Ab and Cry1Aa proteins in the susceptible colony but only partial competition in resistant insects, confirming the alteration of some, but not all, binding sites for these two proteins. The binding site model for Cry1A proteins in O. furnacalis is in agreement with the occurrence of multiple membrane receptors for these proteins.     

HPLC-ELSD法测定不同时期玉米须中β-谷甾醇的含量

目的:测定不同时期玉米须中β-谷甾醇的含量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)测定玉米须中β-谷甾醇的含量。色谱条件为:VP-ODS柱(150 mm×4.6 mm),甲醇为流动相,蒸发光散射检测器检测参数为漂移管温度37℃,载气(N2)流速2.51 L/m in。结果:发现了β-谷甾醇在玉米须生长过程中的含量变化规律,即在7月中旬达到浓度最大值(2.3256 mg/g)后,就开始呈现下降趋势。结论:本方法可作为玉米须中β-谷甾醇质量控制的一种有效方法。     

Syndactylization of the lesser toes

Syndactylization is a simple and effective technique for the treatment of recurrent soft corns and as a salvage procedure for flail toes. It is used as an adjuvant procedure in the correction of cock-up fifth toe deformities, rheumatoid forefoot deformities, or severe hammertoes in addition to the primary soft tissue releases and/or bone resections. Though simple, the technique requires meticulous soft tissue handling and closure to avoid complications.