胡萝卜脆片真空油炸脱水工艺的优化

研究了不同预处理条件及油炸温度、真空度、时间对胡萝卜脆片品质的影响.通过响应面分析可知:油炸温度、真空度及油炸时间显著地影响胡萝卜脆片中水分与脂肪质量分数、脆度,其最佳油炸工艺条件为温度100～110℃,真空度0.08～0.09MPa,时间15min.     

芜菁根挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的 研究芜菁根挥发油化学成分.方法 采用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)法提取挥发油,以气相色谱- 质谱联用(GC -MC)技术结合计算机检索对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量.结果 从芜菁根挥发油中共鉴定出60种化合物,其含量占挥发油总量的98.36%.其中主要成分为丙酸异丙酯(30.04%)、辛烷(9.95%)、2-甲基庚烷(5.49%)、正壬烷(4.73%)、二甲基三硫醚(2.84%)、3-甲基庚烷(2.55%)、二甲基二硫醚(2.36%)等.结论 研究结果为进一步研究和开发利用芜菁奠定基础.     

鬼箭羽化学成分的研究 Ⅱ

 目的 研究鬼箭羽（ Euonymus alatus ）的化学成分。 方法 采用硅胶， Sephadex LH - 20 ，大孔树脂， 制备高效液相色谱仪 等柱色谱及重结晶等方法分离纯化，通过理化常数测定和光谱分析鉴定化合物的结构。 结果 从中分离得到 8 个已知化合物分别为：雷公藤内酯甲 (1) ，槲皮素 (2) ，苯甲酸 (3) ，何帕 -22(29)- 烯 -3 β- 醇 (4) ， 5- 羟甲基糠醛 (5) ，咖啡因 (6) ，角鲨烯 (7) ，正二十五烷 (8) 。 结论 化合物 4 ～ 8 为首次从该植物中得到。     

458例尿路结石成分分析

目的 探讨西安地区尿路结石的成分状况，为临床防治提供帮助。方法对458例尿路结石标本进行化学成分测定，并结合临床资料进行比较。结果尿路结石男性发病多于女性，男、女比为2．1：1，20一50岁为高发年龄，上尿路结石明显多于下尿路结石，上、下尿路结石之比为10．5：1。结石成分以混合结石占多数，为325例（71％），其中以草酸钙，磷酸钙与尿酸的混合结石为主。对比混合性结石及单纯性结石发现，各种成分所占比例基本一致。结论结石成分分析对于了解结石成因、预防结石形成和复发具有重要的意义。     

Effect of Brazilian copaiba oils on Leishmania amazonensis

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Copaiba oil has been used in folk medicine since the 19th century. The use of copaiba oils to treat leishmaniasis is cited in several ethnopharmacological studies. Nevertheless, the potential antileishmania of copaiba oils had not been studied.

Aim of the study

Eight different kinds of Brazilian copaiba oils were screened for antileishmanial activity.

Materials and methods

The antiproliferative effect of copaiba oil on promastigote and amastigote axenic were determined. To determine the survival index peritoneal macrophage were infected with promastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis and treated with copaiba oil. The cytotoxic effect of copaiba oil was assessed on macrophage strain J774G8 by assay of sulforhodamine B.

Results

Copaiba oils showed variable levels of activity against promastigote forms with IC₅₀ values in the range between 5 and 22 μg/mL. The most active oil was that from Copaifera reticulata (collected in Pará State, Brazil) with IC₅₀ values of 5, 15, and 20 μg/mL for promastigote, axenic amastigote and intracellular amastigote forms, respectively. Amphotericin B showed IC₅₀ of 0.058 and 0.231 μg/mL against promastigote and amastigote forms, respectively. Cytotoxicity assay showed that this copaiba oil obtained from Copaifera reticulata showed low cytotoxicity against J774G8 macrophages.

Conclusion

Copaiba oils showed significant activity against the parasite Leishmania amazonensis.     

对叶豆黄酮类化学成分研究

目的:分离鉴定对叶豆Cassia alata中的化学成分,为其药效物质研究奠定基础.方法:采用溶剂萃取、正相硅胶色谱、凝胶色谱等方法进行分离;应用1DNMR,IR,UV,MS等谱学方法进行结构鉴定.结果:分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为金圣草素(1),山柰酚(2),槲皮素(3),5,7,4'-三羟基二氢黄酮(4),山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5),山柰酚-3-O-葡萄糖-(6→1)-O-葡萄糖苷(6),17-羟基三十四烷(7),正三十二烷醇(8),正三十醇(9),棕榈酸二十六酯(10),硬脂酸(11),棕榈酸(12).结论:除化合物1,2外,其余10个化合物均是首次从对叶豆中分离得到.     

Anticonvulsant activities of nutmeg oil of Myristica fragrans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of the volatile oil of nutmeg, the dried seed kernel of Myristica fragrans Houtt, using well‐established animal seizure models and to evaluate its potential for acute toxicity and acute neurotoxicity. The volatile oil of nutmeg (nutmeg oil) was tested for its effects in maximal electroshock, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole, strychnine and bicuculline seizure tests. All the experiments were performed at the time of peak effect of nutmeg oil. Nutmeg oil showed a rapid onset of action and short duration of anticonvulsant effect. It was found to possess significant anticonvulsant activity against electroshock‐induced hind limb tonic extension. It exhibited dose dependent anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole‐induced tonic seizures. It delayed the onset of hind limb tonic extensor jerks induced by strychnine. It was anticonvulsant at lower doses, whereas weak proconvulsant at a higher dose against pentylenetetrazole and bicuculline induced clonic seizures. Nutmeg oil was found to possess wide therapeutic margin, as it did not induce motor impairment when tested up to 600 µL/kg in the inverted screen acute neurotoxicity test. Furthermore, the LD₅₀ (2150 µL/kg) value was much higher than its anticonvulsant doses (50–300 µL/kg). The results indicate that nutmeg oil may be effective against grand mal and partial seizures, as it prevents seizure spread in a set of established animal models. Slight potentiation of clonic seizure activity limits its use for the treatment of myoclonic and absence seizures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

N-3 fatty acids only delay early relapse of ulcerative colitis in remission

Relapse prevention by dietary n-3 fatty acids (5.1 g/day) was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 64 patients with ulcerative colitis in remission and off steroids. 5-ASA compounds were stopped three months after randomization and clinical disease activity monitored for two years. Macroscopic and histologic activity and extension was assessed by colonoscopy at entry and at exit. Both treatment groups were well matched at start. Nine patients on placebo and eight on n-3 fatty acids stopped taking their medication prematurely. Actuarial relapse-free survival was improved by n-3 fatty acids only during months 2 and 3 (2P<0.05–0.01), but cumulative relapse rate at two years was similar for those taking placebo (18/33=55%) and n-3 fatty acids (18/31=58%). There was also no consistent difference in clinical, macroscopic, and histologic disease activity between treatment groups. The n-3 fatty acids temporarily retard, but do not prevent, relapse of ulcerative colitis.     

白桦树皮挥发油成分的研究

采用气相色谱－质谱联用方法，对白桦树皮挥发油进行了研究，共鉴定出２９种化合物，主要成分为２－氧代丙酸（５３．５４％）。     

Anaesthetic agents and excretion in breast milk

This review is an update on anaesthetic agents and their excretion into breast milk; it presents the reported effects on suckling infants, and discusses the precautions which should be considered. For most anaesthetic agents, there is very sparse information about breast milk excretion and even less published knowledge about the possible effects on the suckling infant. Generally, when an anaesthetic agent is given on a single–dose basis, there is no evidence that it is excreted in breast milk in clinically significant amounts, even if there are detectable concentrations of the drug in the milk. Most anaesthetics are rapidly cleared from the mother, and, consequently, it should be possible to allow suckling as soon as practically feasible after surgery. However, repeated administration of certain opiates and benzodiazepines has been reported to cause adverse effects in neonates, with premature neonates apparently being more susceptible. Thus, in long–term treatment with these drugs, the importance of uninterrupted breast feeding should be assessed against possible adverse drug effects in the neonate.