A pharmacokinetic comparison of the corn oil versus microemulsion gelcap formulation of cyclosporin used de novo after renal transplantation

The initial poor absorption of the corn oil-based, gel capsule oral formulation of cyclosporin (CyA) greatly limits its use for inception of immunosuppressive therapy. Insufficient drug concentrations during the early post-transplant period predispose to renal allograft rejection. The present study served to compare the time required to achieve therapeutic CyA concentrations after de novo administration of the corn oil-based gel capsule (CyA-GC; n = 11) versus the microemulsion (CyA-ME; n = 11) formulation of CyA. During the 1st month after renal transplantation, patients underwent serial pharmacokinetic profiling from which we obtained observed and dose-corrected values of several parameters. Although patients in neither the CyA-GC nor the CyA-ME group adequately absorbed the drug during days 0–2, from day 3 to 4 patients in the CyA-ME group showed significantly greater absorption than those in the CyA-GC group (P = 0.041). Patients in the CyA-ME group reached the 1st month target average concentration (C_av) values ( ≥ 550 ng/ml) earlier than those in the CyA-GC group and required significantly lower daily CyA doses (P = 0.018). We conclude that therapeutic CyA levels can be achieved more rapidly and with lower doses of the drug after de novo administration of CyA-ME than with CyA-GC. Received: 13 September 1996 Accepted: 7 January 1997     

鱼油抗大鼠实验性心律失常作用

鱼油口服给药1.4 ml/kg·d,连续15d能显著升高氯化钡致大鼠心律失常的阈剂量(P<0.05),降低心律失常的严重程度(P<0.05),60 min内窦性心率恢复率为85.7％(P<0.01),死亡率为0。心肌细胞膜脂肪酸分析显示,鱼油影响大鼠心肌细胞膜脂肪酸组成,升高DHA含量(P<0.05),降低AA含量及AA/DHA比值(P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析表明,鱼油的抗心律失常作用与其升高心肌细胞膜DHA含量有关,相关系数为r=-0.5872(P<0.01)。     

便携式野战真空注油设备的研制

本文将介绍在野战条件下，便携式真空注油设备，可以方便的更换X－线机球管及给变压器注油。并阐述了该设备的结构及原理。     

Cardiac arrest after isoflurane anaesthesia in a patient with Duchenne''s muscular dystrophy

An 8-year-old boy known to have Duchenne's muscular dystrophy suffered a cardiac arrest 10 minutes after he regained consciousness after isoflurane anaesthesia for an orchidopexy procedure. Resuscitation was successful 2 hours after the start of external cardiac compression and after correction of hyperkalaemia and the administration of dantrolene. He later developed myoglobinuria elevated creatine kinase and a metabolic and respiratory acidosis. He demonstrated a delayed increase in rectal temperature.     

利用稻瘟霉模型筛选铁刀木生物活性成分

目的利用稻瘟霉生物活性筛选模型,筛选铁刀木中具有生物活性的化学成分。方法通过观察样品引起稻瘟霉分生孢子或菌丝形态生长异常或生长抑制的情况,确定铁刀木中具有生物活性的部位以及化学成分。结果确定了铁刀木树干乙醇粗提物的生物活性部位为二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯部位,其使稻瘟霉孢子菌丝体最小变形浓度(MMDC)分别为125、63μg·ml-1;筛选得到2个具有生物活性的化合物(CS2、CS7),其MMDC分别为63、31μg·ml-1。结论本模型首次用于铁刀木活性成分的追踪分离,应用本方法筛选天然药物活性成分,方便、快捷、成本低,显示了广阔的应用前景。     

橄榄油对单核吞噬细胞系统的影响

本文采用橄榄油皮下注射、观察其对小鼠腹腔单核吞噬细胞的游出、活化及吞噬功能。结果发现、橄榄油对上述功能均有明显的抑制作。     

Essential oils of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia from Lebanon: Chemical composition,antimicrobial activity and inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells

Aim of the study

Salvia bracteata Banks et Sol. and Salvia rubifolia Boiss. are known in folk medicine of Lebanon for the treatment of microbial infections, cancer, urinary and pulmonary problems. In the present study the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from aerial parts of Salvia bracteata and Salvia rubifolia collected in Lebanon were evaluated. The oils were also tested for their potential antiproliferative effects against M14 human melanoma cells.

Material and methods

The oils were studied by GC and GC–MS and their antibacterial activity (MIC and MBC) was tested against ten bacteria species using the broth dilution method. The inhibitory effect on human melanoma cells (measurement of cell vitality, cell membrane integrity and genomic DNA fragmentation) was studied using MTT assay, calculation of LDH release and COMET assay.

Results

The oils showed a good antibacterial activity (MIC = 50 μg/ml) against Gram+ bacteria. They besides exhibited an inhibitory effect on the human cancer cells examined inducing also apoptotic cell death, but the oil of Salvia rubifolia was significantly (p < 0.001) more active as compared to the oil of Salvia bracteata.

Conclusion

The results on the pharmacological activities of these Salvia species provide an in vitro scientific support for the use of these plants in traditional herbal preparations.     

挥发性麻醉药后处理保护缺血/再灌注心肌的研究进展

缺血后处理（ischemic postconditioning）是近年来提出的一种新的心肌保护方法，即心肌缺血后在长时间的再灌注之前，进行的数次短暂再灌注／缺血的循环。实验证明后处理对缺血心肌确有显著的保护作用。挥发性麻醉药后处理也可以发挥同样的保护效应，其机制比较复杂，远未阐明，现就其保护作用的机制作一综述。     

An association between plastic mattress covers and sheepskin underbedding use in infancy and house dust mite sensitization in childhood: a prospective study

BACKGROUND: Higher house dust mite (HDM) allergen exposure during infancy has been associated with increased HDM sensitization. Infant bedding has been associated with the accumulation of varying levels of HDM. Prospective data on the relationship between infant bedding and the development of HDM sensitization has not been previously examined. OBJECTIVES: To determine if particular types of bedding used in infancy are associated with increased risk of house dust mite sensitization in childhood. METHODS: A population-based sample (n = 498) of children born in 1988 or 1989, and who were resident in Northern Tasmania in 1997, participated in this study. These children were part of a birth cohort study (1988-95), the Tasmanian Infant Health Survey. Data on infant underbedding and mattresses was available on 460 and 457 children, respectively. The main outcome measure was HDM sensitization defined as a skin prick test (SPT) reaction of 3 mm or more to the allergens of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and/or Dermatophagoides farinae. RESULTS: The use of either sheepskin underbedding or plastic mattress covers in infancy was associated with an increased risk of sensitization to HDM allergens at age 8 years. The adjusted risk ratio (RR) for sensitization to HDM with sheepskin in infancy was 2.27 (95% CI: 1.14, 4.55), P = 0.020. The adjusted RR for sensitization to HDM with the use of plastic mattress covers in infancy was 2.06 (95% CI: 1.22, 3.51), P = 0.007. The use of a foam mattress in infancy was not related to subsequent HDM sensitization. CONCLUSION: Infant's bedding plays a role in the development of HDM sensitization in childhood. Intervention studies to examine mite allergen levels and the role of underbedding on the development of HDM sensitization are required.