健脾通腑方序贯联合生长抑素治疗急性胰腺炎对TREM-1水平和胰腺功能的影响分析

【】目的 分析健脾通腑方序贯联合生长抑素治疗急性胰腺炎对髓样细胞触发受体-1(TREM-1)水平和胰腺功能的影响。方法 回顾性选取2015年12月至2018年1月我院收治的急性胰腺炎患者106例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和观察组。对照组患者采用常规治疗联合生长抑素治疗,观察组患者加用健脾通腑方序贯治疗,分析两组患者治疗后的临床效果。结果 治疗前,两组患者中医症状积分水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者中医症状积分水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者TREM-1、内皮素(ET)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、胰腺功能指标水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者正铜蓝蛋白(CP)、胰岛素(INS)水平高于对照组,TREM-1、ET、CRP、胰蛋白酶原-2(TPS-2)、脂肪酶(LIP)水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者中转手术率低于对照组,血淀粉酶恢复时间、腹痛缓解时间及住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 健脾通腑方序贯联合生长抑素治疗急性胰腺炎可降低患者TREM-1、ET、CRP水平,改善患者胰腺功能,缩短住院时间。     

Comparison of a Web-Based Dietary Assessment Tool with Software for the Evaluation of Dietary Records

Background

Dietary assessment in clinical practice is performed by means of computer support, either in the form of a web-based tool or software. The aim of the paper is to present the results of the comparison of a Slovenian web-based tool with German software for the evaluation of four-day weighted paper-and-pencil-based dietary records (paper-DRs) in pregnant women.

Methods

A volunteer group of pregnant women (n=63) completed paper-DRs. These records were entered by an experienced research dietitian into a web-based application (Open Platform for Clinical Nutrition, OPEN, http://opkp.si/en, Ljubljana, Slovenia) and software application (Prodi 5.7 Expert plus, Nutri-Science, Stuttgart, Germany, 2011). The results for calculated energy intake, as well as 45 macro- and micronutrient intakes, were statistically compared by using the non-parametric Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. The cut-off for Spearman’s rho was set at >0.600.

Results

12 nutritional parameters (energy, carbohydrates, fat, protein, water, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, dietary fiber, vitamin C, folic acid, and stearic acid) were in high correlation (>0.800), 18 in moderate (0.600–0.799), 11 in weak correlation (0.400–0.599), while 5 (arachidonic acid, niacin, alpha-linolenic acid, fluoride, total sugars) did not show any statistical correlation.

Conclusion

Comparison of the results of the evaluation of dietary records using a web-based dietary assessment tool with those using software shows that there is a high correlation for energy and macronutrient content.     

Evidence for Dry Needling in the Management of Myofascial Trigger Points Associated With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective

To evaluate the current evidence of the effectiveness of dry needling of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) associated with low back pain (LBP).

Moving research tools into practice: the successes and challenges in promoting uptake of classification tools

Purpose: In this paper, we present our experiences – both successes and challenges – in implementing evidence-based classification tools into clinical practice. We also make recommendations for others wanting to promote the uptake and application of new research-based assessment tools.

Method: We first describe classification systems and the benefits of using them in both research and practice. We then present a theoretical framework from Implementation Science to report strategies we have used to implement two research-based classification tools into practice. We also illustrate some of the challenges we have encountered by reporting results from an online survey investigating 58 Speech-language Pathologists’ knowledge and use of the Communication Function Classification System (CFCS), a new tool to classify children’s functional communication skills.

Result and conclusions: We offer recommendations for researchers wanting to promote the uptake of new tools in clinical practice. Specifically, we identify structural, organizational, innovation, practitioner, and patient-related factors that we recommend researchers address in the design of implementation interventions. Roles and responsibilities of both researchers and clinicians in making implementations science a success are presented.

• Implications for rehabilitation

• Promoting uptake of new and evidence-based tools into clinical practice is challenging.

• Implementation science can help researchers to close the knowledge-to-practice gap.

• Using concrete examples, we discuss our experiences in implementing evidence-based classification tools into practice within a theoretical framework.

• Recommendations are provided for researchers wanting to implement new tools in clinical practice. Implications for researchers and clinicians are presented.

     

A holistic approach to chronic pain management that involves all stakeholders: change is needed

Chronic pain affects a large proportion of the population, imposing significant individual distress and a considerable burden on society, yet treatment is not always instituted and/or adequate. Comprehensive multidisciplinary management based on the biopsychosocial model of pain has been shown to be clinically effective and cost-efficient, but is not widely available. A literature review of stakeholder groups revealed many reasons for this, including: i) many patients believe healthcare professionals lack relevant knowledge, and consultations are rushed, ii) general practitioners consider that pain management has a low priority and is under-resourced, iii) pain specialists cite non-adherence to evidence-based treatment, sub-optimal prescribing, and chronic pain not being regarded as a disease in its own right, iv) nurses’, pharmacists’ and physiotherapists’ skills are not fully utilized, and v) psychological therapy is employed infrequently and often too late.

Many of the issues relating to physicians could be addressed by improving medical training, both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels – for example, by making pain medicine a compulsory core subject of the undergraduate medical curriculum. This would improve physician/patient communication, increase the use of standardized pain assessment tools, and allow more patients to participate in treatment decisions. Patient care would also benefit from improved training for other multidisciplinary team members; for example, nurses could provide counseling and follow-up support, psychologists offer coping skills training, and physiotherapists have a greater role in rehabilitation. Equally important measures include the widespread adoption of a patient-centered approach, chronic pain being recognized as a disease in its own right, and the development of universal guidelines for managing chronic non-cancer pain.

Perhaps the greatest barrier to improvement is lack of political will at both national and international level. Some powerful initiatives and collaborations are currently lobbying policy-making bodies to raise standards and reduce unnecessary pain – it is vital they continue.     

Cancer Risk Assessment Tools in Primary Care: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

PURPOSE

We conducted this review to identify published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cancer risk assessment tools used in primary care and to determine their impact on clinical utility (clinicians), screening uptake (patients), and psychosocial outcomes (patients).

METHODS

We searched EMBASE, PubMed and the Cochrane databases for RCTs of cancer risk assessment tools in primary care up to May 2014. Only studies set in primary care, with patients eligible for screening, and English-language articles were included.

RESULTS

The review included 11 trials of 7 risk tools. The trials were heterogeneous with respect to type of tool that was used, type(s) of cancer assessed, and outcomes measured. Evidence suggested risk tools improved patient risk perception, knowledge, and screening intentions, but not necessarily screening behavior. Overall, uptake of a tool was greater if initiated by patients, if used by a dedicated clinician, and when combined with decision support. There was no increase in cancer worry. Health promotion messages within the tool had positive effects on behavior change. Trials were limited by low-recruitment uptake, and the heterogeneity of the findings necessitated a narrative review rather than a meta-analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Risk tools may increase intentions to have cancer screening, but additional interventions at the clinician or health system levels may be needed to increase risk-appropriate cancer screening behavior.     

应用质量管理工具对呼吸机使用安全的影响因素进行分析

目的:结合综合医院评审的契机,探索应用先进的质量管理工具,优化呼吸机管理流程,降低使用安全风险。方法:选择2012年医院在用呼吸机维护统计数据,应用排列图、帕累托曲线和鱼骨图等质量管理工具,对影响医院呼吸机临床使用安全的因素进行戴明循环(PDCA)法分析,总结并提出改进意见。结果:分析发现,累计构成比落在23.6%~80%区间的人为操作、压缩机进水、管道漏气和消耗品管理是主要问题。应用鱼骨图分析,对问题进行人员、操作、设备及耗材管理4方面归类,从设备管理、耗材管理及人员培训3个方面优化现有制度和流程。通过改进方案的实施,基本解决由于耗材管理造成的安全风险,且效果明显。结论:利用质量管理工具能更直观地反映医院呼吸机临床使用安全存在的问题,进一步保障呼吸机使用安全,从而使医院医疗设备器械管理更加科学、有效和规范。     

鱼骨分析联合 PDCA 循环在病区药品质量管理中的应用

目的：利用鱼骨分析联合PDCA循环管理法,加强病区药品质量管理,保证药品质量,保障患者用药安全。方法利用鱼骨分析法分析影响病区药品质量的因素,对其影响因素利用PDCA 循环的方法进行整改、落实及持续改进。结果病区药品质量管理引入管理工具后,护士人员对药品质量管理知晓率由及病区药品质量管理效果有显著改善。结论在药品质量管理中引入鱼骨分析、PDCA 循环等管理工具,病区药品质量管理有很大提高,值得推广。     

Validation de l’échelle d’évaluation du vécu de l’accouchement (QEVA) auprès d’une population française

BackgroundA woman's negative perception of her subjective childbirth experience can have consequences on the mother's psychological state and on early mother–baby relationships. To date, there is no validated tool in France allowing to evaluate childbirth experience in a multidimensional way. The aim of this study is to validate the Questionnaire Assessing the Childbirth Experience (QEVA) in a French sample of mothers. This tool was developed in a previous study where the authors combined 25 items into 6 dimensions: representations and expectations, sensory perceptions, feeling of control, perceived social support (medical staff and partner), emotions (positive and negative) and first moments with the baby.MethodsThe sample included 256 women recruited in a maternity ward. Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of our sample were compared to those of the French national perinatal survey. The structure of the QEVA with 17 items was explored by an exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). An analysis of the internal consistency was conducted on the sub-scores of the identified factors, and the concurrent validity was assessed with the Peri-traumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) through a correlation and its associated t-test.ResultsThe characteristics of our sample and those of the national perinatal survey do not differ on age, marital status, parity, cannabis use, infertility treatment, epidural and baby weight, in favour of the good representativeness of our sample. The study of the QEVA structure revealed a 4-dimensional structure. Analysis of the psychometric qualities showed a good internal consistency, with an observed alpha value ranging from 0.69 to 0.86. The QEVA also shows a good concurrent validity with the peri-traumatic distress scores (r = 0.51).ConclusionTo date, the QEVA is the first standardized tool allowing a multidimensional evaluation of the subjective experience of childbirth. It has been validated on a French population using an exploratory structural equation modeling. This tool, which is simple to use and well accepted by mothers, enables health professionals not only to screen mothers experiencing difficult childbirth and in need of support, but also to adapt health care according to the dimensions of the birth experience and its associated difficulties (emotions during the birth, interactions with health professionals, first moments with the baby, or post-partum emotions).