Deprivation of form vision suppresses diurnal cycling of retinal levels of leu-enkephalin

Deprivation of form vision by the fitting of translucent occluders suppressed the diurnal cycling of enkephalinergic amacrine cells (the ENSLI amacrine cells), in the chicken. Daily periods of normal vision or enforcing temporal contrast using strobe lighting appeared to restore normal functioning of the ENSLI cells. These results suggest that the ENSLI cells are involved in retinal circuits that assess the quality of the visual image and control eye growth.     

Significance of various systemic and ocular parameters in the long-term prognosis after diabetic vitrectomy

The presence or absence of retinal detachment, especially detachment of the macula, was the most critical parameter predicting visual outcome, and long duration of detachment worsened the prognosis (P=0.0084). In contrast, the time interval from vitreous haemorrhage to surgery did not associate with the long-term visual outcome. Pre-operative visual acuity of counting fingers 1 m or better was associated with favourable visual outcome (P=0.0032). Other pre- or per-operative parameters (e.g. aphakia, iris rubeosis, extent of photocoagulation, retinal breaks) did not associate with visual prognosis significantly.Significant association between general parameters and visual outcome was found only in the group of traction retinal detachment where loss of vision was related to shorter duration of diabetes (P=0.0213), and shorter duration of background retinopathy (P=0.0300), and proliferative retinopathy (P=0.0072).     

彩色多普勒超声对高度近视眼后巩膜改变相关因素的评价

目的:探讨高度近视眼后巩膜形态改变与眼轴长度、近视程度及血流动力学变化之间的关系。方法:应用ATL超9型APOOGE-800型彩色多普勒超声诊断仪,探头频率5.0~10.0MHz。对26例正常眼,36例轻中度近视眼,51例高度近视眼后巩膜进行观察。并对26例正常眼,17例轻中度近视眼,26例高度近视眼的眼动脉(OA)、视网膜中央动脉(CRA)、睫状后动脉(PCA)进行检测。结果:轻中度近视组、高度近视组的眼轴长度与近视程度呈正相关性。两者之间的直线回归方程Y=-3510.3 1668.1X,R=0.9432,P<0.0001。后巩膜形态改变与正常对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.001)。高度近视眼组、轻中度近视组与正常对照组比较,OA血流参数差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),而高度近视组的CRA、PCA的收缩期(PSV)、舒张期(EDV)、平均血流速度(AV)均减低,CRA的阻力指数(RI)升高(P<0.05)。轻中度组与对照组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:视网膜血管、睫状血管系统血供不足与后巩膜形态变化的类型、眼轴长度、近视的程度及血流动力学改变密切相关,是引起高度近视眼病理性眼底改变发生和发展的重要因素。     

帽式巩膜包裹法植入羟基磷灰石义眼座78例临床分析

[目的 ]探讨羟基磷灰石义眼座植入术的改良方法 .[方法 ]对 78例需行眼球摘除术的病例施行了眼球内容物剜除术 ,并用帽式巩膜包裹法植入了羟基磷灰石义眼座 .[结果 ]无 1例发生羟基磷灰石义眼座裸露或脱出等并发症 ,义眼座活动良好 .[结论 ]帽式巩膜包裹法是安全、可靠且有效的眼窝整形手术方法     

主观症状及实验检查诊断早期干眼症

目的 分析主观症状及实验检查对早期干眼症患者诊断的意义。方法 对55例（109眼）已确诊的早期干眼症患者（无或仅伴有轻微体征）的临床症状及实验检查进行回顾性分析及比较。结果 患者中主观症状所占比率：干涩感94％，视疲劳感82％，异物感74％，明显高于其他症状（P〈0．05）。实验检查的阳性率：基础泪液分泌试验（Schirmer I test，SIt）35％，泪膜破裂时间检查（break-up time，BUT）85％，角结膜荧光素（fluorescent，FL）染色60％，其中BUT阳性率明显高于SIt和FL（P〈0．05）。结论 主观症状及实验检查可为早期干眼症诊断提供有利依据。     

小鼠眼球中脂肪酸组成分析

用气相色谱法分析了小鼠眼球中脂肪酸的组成及百分含量。分离是在２５ｍ×０．２５ｍｍＰＥＧ－２０Ｍ熔融石英毛细管柱内进行，眼球中１２种主要饱和及不饱和脂肪酸得到了定性和定量。本实验可为有关眼疾病的治疗、预防及生化方面的深入研究提供有意义的信息。     

Effects of nicotine on hippocampal and cingulate activity during smooth pursuit eye movement in schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) in schizophrenic patients is a well known phenomenon, but the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the deficit are unknown. Nicotine temporarily improves SPEM and has been associated with reduced hippocampal hemodynamic activity in schizophrenics. Nicotine's effect on brain activity in control subjects performing SPEM has not been studied. The purpose of this work was to determine if nicotine differentially affects brain activity in schizophrenic and control subjects during pursuit eye tracking. METHODS: 16 subjects with schizophrenia and 16 control subjects underwent functional MR imaging during SPEM after receiving placebo or nicotine gum. Four brain regions were analyzed for main effects of group, drug, and interactions: hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, frontal eye fields, and area MT. RESULTS: Nicotine reduced hippocampal activity in both groups, but the effect was greater in control subjects. A group by drug interaction was observed in the anterior cingulate gyrus, where nicotine decreased activity in control subjects and increased activity in schizophrenic subjects. There were no significant effects of group, drug, or interactions in frontal eye fields or area MT. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine may improve SPEM performance in people with schizophrenia through cholinergic stimulation of the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus. Potential mechanisms include improved inhibitory function and attention.     

高效液相色谱法测定峰丁麻滴眼剂中盐酸麻黄碱含量

目的　建立高效液相色谱法测定蜂丁麻滴眼剂中盐酸麻黄碱含量的方法。　方法　采用YWGC18分析色谱柱 ( 4 6mmID× 2 5 0mm ,粒径 10 μm) ,C18保护柱 ( 4 6mmID× 5mm ,粒径 10 μm) ,流动相 10 %乙腈 ( 0 5 %三乙胺 ,磷酸调pH3 0 ) ,流速 1 0ml/min ,检测波长 2 0 8nm ,测定对照品和样品色谱图 ,记录盐酸麻黄碱色谱峰面积 ,计算其含量。　结果　盐酸麻黄碱的理论板数为 10 0 0 0。回归方程 :y =90 5 878 16 15 1738x ,r=0 9999,线性范围 0 4 0 32～ 1 6 13μg。平均回收率为 99 2 % (RSD1 6 % )。　结论　该法操作简便 ,结果准确 ,可用于测定蜂丁麻滴眼剂中盐酸麻黄碱的含量     

Trehalose protects against ocular surface disorders in experimental murine dry eye through suppression of apoptosis

The disaccharide trehalose is a key element involved in anhydrobiosis (the capability of surviving almost complete dehydration) in many organisms. Its presence also confers resistance to desiccation and high osmolarity in bacterial and human cells by protecting proteins and membranes from denaturation. The present study used a novel murine dry eye model induced by controlled low-humidity air velocity to determine whether topically applied trehalose could heal ocular surface epithelial disorders caused by ocular surface desiccation. In addition, the efficacy of 87.6 mM trehalose eyedrops was compared with that of 20% serum, the efficacy of which has been well documented. Mice ocular surface epithelial disorders were induced by exposure of murine eyes to continuous controlled low-humidity air velocity in an intelligently controlled environmental system (ICES) for 21 days, which accelerated the tear evaporation. The mice were then randomized into three groups: the control group received PBS (0.01M) treatment; a second group received 87.6 mM trehalose eyedrops treatment; and the third group received mice serum eyedrops treatment. Each treatment was administered as a 10 μl dose every 6 h for 14 days. The resultant changes in corneal barrier function and histopathologic examination of cornea and conjunctiva were analyzed and the level of apoptosis on the ocular surface was assessed using active caspase-3. After 14 days of treatment, the corneal fluorescein staining area, the ruffling and desquamating cells on the apical corneal epithelium, as well as the apoptotic cells on ocular surface epithelium had significantly reduced in eyes treated with trehalose compared with those treated with serum and PBS. In contrast, after 14 days of treatment, improvements in the thickness of the corneal epithelium, the squamous metaplasia in conjunctival epithelium and the number of goblet cells of the conjunctiva were less marked in eyes treated with trehalose compared with serum. These results demonstrated that trehalose could improve the appearance of ocular surface epithelial disorders due to desiccation through suppression of apoptosis. Trehalose produces some of the same responses as serum upon topical application and can maintain corneal health.