TACE联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗肝细胞癌门静脉癌栓

目的：探讨TACE联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗肝细胞癌（HCC）门静脉癌栓（PVTT）的方法及疗效。方法纳入TACE联合CT引导下植入125I放射性粒子治疗的HCC合并PVTT患者48例。根据PVTT部位,分为门静脉主干癌栓（A型）、门静脉一级分支癌栓（B型）和门静脉二级及以下分支癌栓（C型）。根据粒子是否植入到PVTT内,分为癌栓内直接植入法（癌栓内部植入组）和癌栓周围植入法（其粒子植入到癌栓周围1．7 cm内的肝实质或肿瘤内,癌栓周围植入组）。比较不同类型PVTT及不同植入方法的癌栓控制率（DCR）、癌栓进展时间（TTP）及患者总生存率（OS）。结果48例患者均成功进行TACE及粒子植入治疗。A、B、C型PVTT患者,中位OS（mOS）分别为8、11．5和15个月,组间差异有统计学意义（P=0．003）;癌栓DCR分别为61．5%、70．8%和72．7%（P=0．548）,肝内肿瘤DCR分别为69．2%、75．0%和81．8%（P=0．483）;癌栓中位TTP分别为4．5、8和11个月（P=0．030）,肝内肿瘤中位TTP分别为5、9和9．5个月。癌栓内部植入组和癌栓周围植入组的mOS分别为10和11．5个月（P=0．239）;癌栓DCR分别为69．2%、68．2%（P=0．591）,肝内肿瘤DCR分别为73．1%和77．3%（P=0．502）;癌栓中位TTP分别为7和10个月（P=0．276）,肝内肿瘤中位TTP分别为8和9．5个月（P=0．089）。结论 TACE联合125I放射性粒子植入治疗HCC伴PVTT,可有效控制PVTT和肝内肿瘤进展,延长患者生存期;癌栓内直接植入法和癌栓周围植入法,对PVTT的疗效无影响。     

Habib VesOpen消融导管治疗小型猪模拟门静脉癌栓的安全性研究

目的：探索射频消融（RFA）导管治疗门静脉癌栓（PVTT）的安全性。方法将10头实验小型猪分为3组：A组（n=6）直接行正常门静脉RFA治疗;B组（n=2）先行门静脉球囊封堵,然后行门静脉新鲜血栓RFA治疗;C组（n=2）先建立PVTT模型,待门静脉血栓机化后行门静脉RFA治疗。术后1、3、4周作MRI检查,4周后处死动物作病理学检查。结果 A组动物在功率5 W条件下接受RFA治疗0．6～3．6 min,MRI检查及1个月后病理学检查均未发现明确异常。 B组动物RFA后MRI检查提示门静脉区损伤较A组明显,术后1、3、4周内膜MRI检查提示门静脉水肿逐渐减轻;术后1个月病理学检查证实邻近肝组织损伤严重。C组在功率7 W条件下接受RFA治疗1．5 min,术后MRI检查未见消融区明显水肿,病理学检查可见机化的血栓坏死、血管内皮细胞受损。结论采用Habib VesOpen双极RFA导管治疗PVTT,应根据PVTT严重程度选择合适的RFA功率与时间。PVTT较轻时采用大功率、短时间RFA可能较安全,PVTT较重时改用小功率、长时间RFA更为安全可靠。     

灰阶及彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺恶性肿瘤并颈部静脉瘤栓

目的 评价甲状腺恶性肿瘤合并颈部静脉瘤栓的灰阶及彩色多普勒超声的表现。方法 回顾性分析2010年3月—2014年9月于我院就诊的甲状腺恶性肿瘤合并颈部静脉瘤栓5例患者超声表现及特征。结果 甲状腺乳头状癌2例,低分化甲状腺癌1例,甲状腺未分化癌1例,甲状腺肌源性低度恶性肉瘤1例。超声显示甲状腺肿瘤经甲状腺引流静脉蔓延3例、甲状腺肿瘤直接侵犯颈内静脉1例、转移淋巴结侵犯颈内静脉1例。结论 甲状腺恶性肿瘤并颈部静脉瘤栓灰阶及彩色多普勒超声表现较具特征性,可作为此类疾病的首选检查方法。     

特殊器械在冠心病介入诊疗中的应用价值

目的:分析评价特殊器械在冠心病介入诊疗中的应用价值.方法:分析328例冠心病介入诊疗患者病例资料,记录包括抽吸导管、冠脉旋磨、血管内超声显像(IVUS)、冠脉血流储备测定(FFR)及主动脉内气囊反搏(IABP)等特殊器械在各类冠心病患者的使用情况,观察使用最多的特殊器械在主要冠脉血管病变使用情况及特殊器械使用中发生慢血流、心包填塞及死亡情况.结果:特殊器械中抽吸导管使用率最高(62.5％),其余依次为IVUS(15.0％)、FFR(14.3％)、冠脉旋磨(6.4％)及IABP(1.8％);在使用率最高的血栓抽吸导管应用中,前降支病变使用率最高(42.4％),其余依次为右冠脉部位占38.1％、回旋支病变占18.6％、左主干病变占1.0％;使用血栓抽吸导管患者中4例发生慢血流情况,占特殊器械使用的(1.2％);冠脉旋磨中有1例发生心包填塞,占特殊器械使用的(0.3％).结论:在冠心病诊疗中有选择的开展特殊器械的应用可提高冠心病介入诊疗水平.     

消栓饮对创伤性肢体深静脉血栓大鼠血浆TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α的影响

目的 观察消栓饮对大鼠下肢深静脉血栓治疗前后血浆血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列腺素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)的影响.方法 选用雄性SD大鼠40只,10只为假手术组(A组),30只建立深静脉血栓形成的动物模型.将造模成功的大鼠随机分为3组:蒸馏水组(B组)、低分子肝素钠组(C组)、消栓饮组(D组).用药7d后,观察用药前后各组大鼠血清TXB2及6-Keto-PGF1α的变化.结果 用药7d后,消栓饮与低分子肝素钠治疗均可降低TXB2水平,升高6-Keto-PGF1α水平,使TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α比值接近正常,与B组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而C组与D组数据比较均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 消栓饮可有效纠正血栓形成后血液中TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α的平衡失调,是治疗DVT的有效作用机制之一,可能与低分子肝素钠相似.     

C-Reactive protein as a risk factor for left ventricular thrombus in patients with acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) has been found to correlate with higher risk for cardiac events in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It has been suggested that CRP may be involved in initiation process of coagulation; however, the role of CRP level in the formation of left ventricular (LV) thrombus has not been studied. HYPOTHESIS: This study investigated whether CRP is a risk factor for LV thrombus in patients with AMI. METHODS: Clinical, echocardiographic, and biochemical data were analyzed in 141 consecutive patients (aged 57 +/- 13 years; 33 women) with first anterior AMI. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examinations were performed on Days 1, 3, 7, 15, and 30. Blood samples were obtained every day during hospitalization. Serum CRP concentrations were measured by an ultrasensitive immunonephelometry method. RESULTS: Left ventricular thrombus was detected in 33 (23.4%) patients. Univariate analysis showed that patients with LV thrombus had a higher peak creatine kinase (CK) level (2,879 +/- 742 vs. 1,693 +/- 1,210 I/U, p = 0.001), higher peak CRP level (14.9 +/- 7.1 vs. 9.2 +/- 6.8 mg/dl, p = 0.001), higher wall motion score index (1.8 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.3, p = 0.002), higher apical wall motion score index (2.35 +/- 0.72 vs. 2.07 +/- 0.70, p = 0.001), larger end-diastolic volume (145.2 +/- 43.7 vs. 116.5 +/- 44.2 ml, p = 0.002), larger end-systolic volume (85.4 +/- 37.2 vs. 62.9 +/- 31.6 ml, p = 0.003), and lower ejection fraction (42.1 +/- 12 vs. 47.3 +/- 13, p = 0.04). In multivariate analyses, only peak CK level (p = 0.0001), LV apical wall motion score index (p = 0.001), and CRP levels (p = 0.001) were independent predictors of LV thrombus formation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CRP is a risk factor for LV thrombus in patients with AMI.     

Contemporary management and outcomes of infective tunnelled haemodialysis catheter-related right atrial thrombi: a case series and literature review

INTRODUCTIONInfective haemodialysis catheter-related right atrial thrombus (CRAT) is a complication of tunnelled catheter use. Management recommendations are based mainly on published case series prior to 2011. We report our institution’s recent experience in managing infective haemodialysis CRAT and correlate treatment with outcomes.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective analysis of haemodialysis CRAT cases diagnosed on transthoracic echocardiography between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2017. Clinical outcomes, including mortality at 180 days post diagnosis and thrombus resolution, were traced from electronic medical records.RESULTSThere were 14 cases identified. The median age was 59 (range 47–88) years and 11 (78.6%) were male. Sepsis was the most common reason for hospitalisation (71.4%). Blood cultures identified Staphylococcus aureus in seven cases, of which two were methicillin-resistant. Three had coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. All cases received antibiotics with infectious disease physician input. Seven were treated with catheter removal alone, of which three died within 180 days. Both cases treated with catheter removal plus anticoagulation survived at 180 days. Of the two cases who had anticoagulation without catheter removal, one died within 180 days and the other did not have thrombus resolution. Three underwent surgical thrombus removal, of which two died postoperatively and the last required repeated operations and prolonged hospitalisation. Mortality at 180 days post diagnosis was 42.9%.CONCLUSIONCatheter removal and anticoagulation are modestly effective. Surgery is associated with poor outcomes. Despite contemporary management, infective haemodialysis CRAT still results in high mortality. Prospective studies are needed to identify the optimal management.     

血栓抽吸联合低剂量替罗非班对老年急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心肌再灌注水平及安全性的影响

［摘要］： 目的 评价血栓抽吸联合冠脉内注射低剂量替罗非班对老年高血栓负荷急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）术后心肌再灌注水平及安全性的影响。 方法 选取2014年1月至2019年1月于马鞍山临床学院行PCI的老年STEMI高血栓负荷患者127例,随机分为观察组62例及对照组65例,观察组在常规PCI之前联合应用血栓抽吸和冠脉内注射低剂量替罗非班治疗,对照组采用常规PCI治疗。比较两组患者术后临床效果、出血事件及主要心脏不良事件（major adverse cardiac events,MACE）发生情况。 结果 术后观察组梗死相关动脉的TIMI血流3级、2h心电图ST段回落>50%、LVEF均显著高于对照组[TIMI血流3级：57例(91.9%)与49例(75.4%),χ2=2.295,P=0.040;心电图ST段回落>50%：50例(80.6%)与40例(61.5%),χ2=5.611,P=0.018;LVEF值：(52.7±3.5)%与(50.95±5.0)%,t=2.229,P=0.028];观察组CK-MB峰值、碎裂QRS波、心包积液均低于对照组[CK-MB峰值：(274.4±173.1)U/L与(334.5±154.0)U/L,t=2.069,P=0.041;碎裂QRS波：24例（38.7%）与38例（55.5%）,χ2=4.955,P=0.026;心包积液：6例（9.5%）与15例（23.1%）,χ2=4.128,P=0.042];术后30天,观察组小/微出血事件多于对照组[小/微出血事件：7例（11.3%）与4例（6.2%）,χ2=4.019,P=0.043],大出血和卒中事件两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05）;术后6个月,MACE事件两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05）。 结论 血栓抽吸联合冠状动脉内注射低剂量替罗非班可改善老年高血栓负荷STEMI患者心肌再灌注水平,同时不增加严重出血风险,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死左心室附壁血栓发生率及其危险因素调查

目的探讨急性广泛前壁或前壁ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)左心室附壁血栓(LVT)的发生率、危险因素及体循环栓塞发生率、治疗方案和预后。方法回顾性纳入2014年1月1日至2017年12月31日就诊于中国医学科学院阜外医院的急性广泛前壁或前壁STEMI患者1245例。收集1245例患者急诊就诊时、直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后当日、PCI术后连续3 d以及术后1周经胸超声心动图(TTE)检查结果,根据结果诊断LVT者39例,并以简单随机法抽取40例无LVT者作为对照组。对两组患者进行随访,主要临床终点为体循环栓塞事件。结果LVT组共39例(3.1%,39/1245),39例患者中广泛前壁STEMI 26例(66.7%)、前壁STEMI 13例(33.3%);非LVT组40例。两组随访12个月,LVT组体循环栓塞1例(2.6%),非LVT组体循环栓塞0例;LVEF<40%是发生LVT的独立危险因素(OR 11.696,95%CI 2.620~52.215,P=0.001)。结论LVT在急性广泛前壁或前壁STEMI患者中发病率为3.1%,体循环栓塞事件发生率为2.6%。LVEF<40%为LVT发生的独立危险因素。     

Outcomes 1 year after thrombus aspiration for myocardial infarction

Routine intracoronary thrombus aspiration before primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) has not been proved to reduce short-term mortality.We evaluated clinical outcomes at 1 year after thrombus aspiration. Methods We randomly assigned 7244 patients with STEMI to undergo manual thrombus aspiration followed by PCI or to undergo PCI alone, in a registry-based, randomized clinical trial. The primary end point of all-cause mortality at 30 days has been reported previously. Death from any cause at 1 year was a prespecified secondary end point of the trial. Results No patients were lost to follow-up. Death from any cause occurred in 5.3% of the patients(191 of 3621 patients) in the thrombus-aspiration group, as compared with 5.6%(202 of 3623) in the PCI-only group(hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78 to 1.15; P = 0.57). Rehospitalization for myocardial infarction at 1 year occurred in 2.7% and 2.7% of the patients, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.73 to1.28; P = 0.81), and stent thrombosis in 0.7% and 0.9%, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.50 to1.40; P = 0.51). The composite of death from any cause, rehospitalization for myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis occurred in 8.0% and 8.5% of the patients, respectively(hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.80 to1.11; P = 0.48). The results were consistent across all the major subgroups, including grade of thrombus burden and coronary flow before PCI. Conclusions Routine thrombus aspiration before PCI in patients with STEMI did not reduce the rate of death from any cause or the composite of death from any cause, rehospitalization for myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis at 1 year.