变压吸附制高纯医用氧流程的研究

目的：研究一种用变压吸附方法由空气生产高纯医用氧气的流程。方法：将压缩空气通过二级吸附单元，除去空气中的氮气和氩气，从而获得浓度高达９８％的氧气，第一级装填有沸石分子筛，第二级装填有碳分子筛。结果：仅采用一台无油空压机就可产出浓度高达９８．４％的医用氧气。结论：所采用的流程适用于从空气中分离出高浓度的氧气。     

医用变压吸附制氧设备的选择

简要的介绍了变压吸附技术(Pressure Swing Absorption,PSA)的原理,发展历史及工作特点.根据目前国内变压吸附医用制氧设备的情况,提出了如何正确选择适合本医院使用的变压吸附医用制氧设备的一些建议.     

杜氏进行性肌营养不良患儿常速行走的步态特征

背景：对杜氏进行性肌营养不良患儿异常步态的生物力学研究目前尚不多见,且缺乏步态的足底压力特征结果报道.目的：分析杜氏进行性肌营养不良患儿常速行走的步态运动学及足底压力分布特征.方法：利用VICON红外光点捕获系统,采集10名杜氏进行性肌营养不良患儿及10名正常儿童裸足常速行走的三维运动学数据,并利用Medilogic足底压力测试系统记录支撑足的足底压力分布数据.结果与结论：杜氏型肌营养不良组行走时的步长明显小于正常对照组,而步宽和重心摇晃幅度则大于正常对照组;杜氏型肌营养不良组步态的双支撑期所占的周期比例大于正常对照组,摆动末期所占的周期比例则小于正常对照组;杜氏型肌营养不良组髋关节最大伸角小于正常对照组,髋关节最大屈角大于正常对照组,摆动相最大膝屈角小于正常对照组,着地时踝关节跖屈角大于正常对照组;杜氏型肌营养不良组在行走过程中最大足底压力小于正常对照组,最大压力的分布向足前区外侧偏移.结果表明,步态周期时间百分比可作为杜氏型肌营养不良患儿行走能力的评价指标,杜氏型肌营养不良患儿在常速行走过程中所表现出的各种非正常的步态特征可能归因于下肢各关节伸肌群力量不足,部分患儿踝关节呈明显的马蹄足内翻也是造成步态异常的重要原因之一.     

Does arm swing emphasized deliberately increase the trunk stability during walking in the elderly adults?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether trunk stability while walking changes when arm swing is deliberately altered in elderly individuals. Participants included 21 community-dwelling elderly individuals (7 men and 14 women; age, 81.8 ± 5.0 years). We measured trunk acceleration by using a wireless miniature sensor unit containing a tri-axial linear accelerometer under 3 walking conditions: normal walking (normal condition), deliberately walking without any arm swing (no swing condition), and walking with a deliberately emphasized arm swing (over swing condition). To evaluate trunk stability during walking, we calculated harmonic ratios (HRs) based on trunk tri-axial acceleration signals (anteroposterior: AP, vertical: VT, and mediolateral: ML). HR–AP and HR–VT were not significantly different across the 3 conditions, but HR–ML in the over swing condition was significantly higher than that in the other 2 conditions by generalized estimating equations (GEE) adjusted for walking speed (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that trunk stability in the ML direction increased when the elderly individuals walked with a deliberately emphasized arm swing.     

Effects of arm swing on spatiotemporal characteristics of gait in unilateral transhumeral amputees

BackgroundGait is an autonomic process consisting of coordinated movements of the upper extremities, lower extremities, trunk and pelvis. However, researches regarding effects of upper extremity problems on gait parameters are limited.Research questionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of arm swing on spatiotemporal characteristics of gait in individuals with unilateral transhumeral amputations.MethodsA total of 25 unilateral transhumeral amputees and 25 healthy subjects were included. Information on the demographic features of individuals, amputations, and prosthetic devices were recorded. Spatiotemporal characteristics of gait were obtained using the GAITRite electronic walkway, and the arm swing was evaluated with the two video-cameras and analyzed using the Dartfish Pro Suite 7 software.ResultsThe groups were similar regarding their age, height and weight. Mean duration from the amputation was 14.91 ± 10.90 years, and the mean weight of the prostheses was 1.44 ± 0.39 kg. Amputees had a less ambulatory arm swing on their amputated sides compared to their intact arms and healthy individuals. When the amputee group was compared to the healthy individuals, their step and stride lengths were shorter and their foot progression angle was higher, their gait velocity and cadence were lower than the healthy group.SignificanceThe reduction of arm swing on the amputated side in unilateral transhumeral amputees is thought to be due to (1) use of the contralateral side in functional activities, (2) restriction of shoulder joint movement of socket boundaries and (3) fixed mechanical elbow joint. It has been thought that a decrease in the arm swing during walking may lead to a decrease in step length, stride length, and gait velocity.     

Intrathecal baclofen bolus reduces exaggerated extensor coactivation during pre-swing and early-swing of gait after acquired brain injury

Objective

To characterize the concurrent activation of rectus femoris (RF) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles (extensor coactivation) during gait in subjects with pronounced resting hypertonia after acquired brain injury (ABI) and examine changes after intrathecal baclofen (ITB) bolus injection.

Mood swing and mood stabilizer: how specific are these terms?

Safer DJ. Mood swing and mood stabilizer: how specific are these terms?
Bipolar Disord 2010: 12: 685–690. © 2010 The Author.
Journal compilation © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Background: In the DSM‐IIIR in 1987, the category title for depressive and bipolar disorders was changed from affective disorders to mood disorders. Within a short period of time thereafter, mood swing and mood stabilizer became very commonly used terms in psychiatry with bipolar implications. Methods: Terms and definitions in recent texts, articles, and dictionaries pertaining to mood fluctuations have been reviewed. Results: The term mood was seldom part of psychiatric terminology until the late 1970s. Mood swing and mood stabilizer as used in the psychiatric literature are primarily nonspecific and often misleading concepts—particularly as a basis for treatment decisions. Affective fluctuations and shifts to irritability and/or anger in persons with personality and depressive disorders are being viewed by many in the mental health field as cyclically biphasic—between depressed to elated—which is clearly at variance with research findings. Conclusions: More data‐based research on mood variations is needed to authoritatively remedy this situation.     

旋转刺激对清醒大鼠下丘脑室旁核内几种氨基酸含量的影响

目的为探讨下丘脑室旁核（PVN）参与应激反应的具体神经化学机制，本实验观察了旋转刺激时清醒大鼠PVN内几种氨基酸含量的变化。方法给予清醒大鼠旋转刺激，同时利用脑部微量透析法收集PVN区细胞外液的透析样本，然后用高效液相色谱法测定透析样本中几种氨基酸的含量。结果旋转刺激导致PVN区域细胞外液中的天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸明显增加，而谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺和牛黄酸含量无明显变化。结论室旁核内的天冬氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸可能与旋转刺激的应激反应调节有关。     

Arm-swing kinematics in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundParkinson's disease (PD) causes postural instability and gait abnormalities that may be associated with an arm swing reduction.ObjectiveTo conduct systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the kinematic patterns of arm-swing during gait in people with PDMethodsA computer literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, WOS, PEDro, SCOPUS and SciELO databases was conducted. Terms related to PD and arm-swing were combined to find studies that performed a free walking evaluation of the arm-swing of PD patients on or off medication compared to healthy controls. After a standardized evaluation by three examiners, fifteen articles met inclusion criteria. Random effects meta-analysis models were utilized to quantify (1) the arm-swing range of motion (RoM); (2) the arm-swing amplitude; (3) the arm-swing velocity; and (4) the arm-swing asymmetry.ResultsOn average, arm-swing RoM (7.07°), amplitude (0.8 cm), and velocity (0.31 m/s) were significantly decreased in PD compared to healthy controls. Healthy subjects had significantly more symmetrical arm-swing (8.16%) than people with PD. Effect sizes were moderate-large.ConclusionsPeople with PD have significant differences in RoM, amplitude, velocity, and asymmetry of arm-swing during gait compared to the healthy control group. Medication phase does not significantly influence arm-swing characteristics. Further studies will be needed to determine whether different disease characteristics influence the biomechanics of arm-swing during gait.