计算机辅助精子分析与常规精液分析的比较研究

目的研究计算机辅助精子分析（CASA）和常规精液分析（SRA）各项参数是否具有可比性。方法对213例精液标本同时行CASA和SRA分析。CASA采用西班牙SCA精液质量分析仪进行检测,SRA按世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的标准化方法进行检测。结果当精子密度介于（5-80）×10^6/mL时,CASA和SRA分析的平均精子密度、精子活动力的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;当精子密度〈5×10^6/mL时,CASA分析的平均精子密度高于SRA（P〈0.05）,精子活动力的差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;当精子密度〉80×10^6/mL时,CASA分析的平均精子密度高于SRA（P〈0.05）,且CASA检测a级精子比例偏高,d级精子比例偏低（P〈0.05）;用生理盐水按一定比例将精液稀释后分别进行CASA和SRA,平均精子密度、精子活动力的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论当精子密度介于（5-80）×10^6/mL时,CASA和SRA对精子密度和活动力的分析具有可比性;当精子密度〈5×10^6/mL时,CASA的误差较大,需进行SRA;当精子密度〉80×10^6/mL时,需用生理盐水稀释精液后行CASA或SRA分析,两者结果具有可比性。因此,当用CASA进行精液分析时,应同时结合显微镜镜检。     

The role of robotic assisted laparoscopy for oesophagogastric oncological resection; an appraisal of the literature

The introduction of surgical robotics to the field of surgical oncology brings with it an expectation not only of improved vision, instrumentation, and precision but also as a result, a potential for improved oncological outcomes. The current interest in the field of oesophagogastric oncology is explored in this review together with the benefits, real and potential, that robotic assistance offers surgical cancer resection as well as some of the limiting factors which may be hampering its uptake into current surgical practice. A systematic review of all the published literature up until April 2010 was examined across the field of esophageal and gastric cancer resection. A quantitative assessment of the oncological, operative, and functional outcomes was determined from each procedure. The level of evidence behind the results was determined using the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐based Medicine Levels of Evidence; Therapy and Prevention. Three hundred and five cases from 19 independent studies were included for review. Nine studies explored the outcomes from robotic‐assisted esophagectomy and eight, the robotic‐assisted gastrectomy. Two articles included small case series of both procedures. The level of evidence was predominantly based on case series or expert opinion (Level 4 or 5) with only three unmatched or poorly matched comparative trials (Level 4) with no randomized trials evident. Improved operative outcomes and hospital stays were demonstrated with a reduction of 2 days when the robotic‐assisted gastrectomy technique was employed compared with the open. No improvement in oncological outcomes could be identified with the use of the robot for either oesophageal or gastric cancer resection; however, in terms of short‐term oncological outcomes, these were at least equivalent to the open approach for oesophageal cancer and early stage gastric cancer. Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic surgery is a feasible technique to use to perform a safe and oncologically sound resection for oesophageal and early gastric cancer. Operative benefits appear to be encouragingly similar to the laparoscopic approach with some demonstration of improvement over the open technique despite a prolonged operative time. However, the level of evidence is suboptimal and more randomized controlled trials and long‐term survival studies within a framework of measured and comparable outcomes is required.     

Hand-assisted Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: Initial Experience of a Single Surgeon

Background/Aim:

As totally laparoscopic colorectal surgery is considered challenging and technically demanding with a long steep learning curve, we adopted hand-assisted laparoscopic colorectal surgery as a bridge to totally laparoscopic assisted colorectal surgery. This prospective study aims to highlight the initial experience of a single surgeon with this technique.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective analysis of the first 25 cases of hand-assisted laparoscopic colorectal resections which were performed by a single surgeon over a 15-month period. There were 15 males and 10 females with a mean age of 55.5 (range 20-82) years.

Results:

The indication in majority of cases was cancer (76%). The procedures consisted of 18 (72%) various colectomies and 7 (28%) anterior resections. The operative time ranged between 110-400 (mean 180) min. There was one conversion (4%) and the mean operative blood loss was 80 (range 60-165) ml. The number of lymph nodes retrieved in the cancer cases was 5-31 (mean 15) nodes. The mean length of hospital stay was five (range 3-10) days. The total number of short-term complications was six (24%) and there was one death due to anastomatic leak and multiorgan failure. Long-term complications after a maximum follow up of 30 months were two incisional hernias at the hand port site, but none of the patients developed adhesive small bowel obstruction or late anastomotic stricture. Currently all our colorectal procedures are conducted laparoscopically.

Conclusion:

Hand-assisted laparoscopic colorectal procedures are easy to learn as a good bridge to master totally laparoscopic colorectal surgery.     

Prophylactic left thoracic sympathectomy to prevent electrical storms in CPVT patients needing ICD placement

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT), a life threatening arrhythmia induced by sympathetic stimulation in susceptible individuals is often refractory to antiarrhythmic agents. First line of treatment, beta-blockers can be ineffective in up to 50% with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placement for refractory cases. Paradoxically ICD can be arryhthmogenic from shock-associated sympathetic stimulation, initiating more shocks and "electrical storms". This has led to the use of more effective beta blockade offered by left sympathectomy, now performed by minimally invasive video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Sympathectomy has been traditionally performed long after ICD placement, after the patient has experienced multiple shocks, thus necessitating two procedures. We report simultaneous ICD insertion and thoracoscopic sympathectomy in a 10 year-old boy with CPVT, and suggest it as a better approach than sequential procedures. To our knowledge this is first such reported case.     

Male infertility: pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis

Infertility affects about 7% of all men. The etiology of impaired sperm production and function can be related to factors acting at pre-testicular, post-testicular or directly at the testicular level. Primary testicular failure accounts for about 75% of all male factor infertility. Genetic factors can be identified in about 15% of cases (congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, congenital absence of vas deferens, primitive testicular failure). Despite progresses, mainly in the field of genetics, the etiology is still unknown in about 50% cases and it is termed "idiopathic infertility". A part from few exceptions, the only available therapy for male factor infertility is assisted reproduction which allows conception also in severe male factor, including azoospermia following testicular sperm extraction. The complete diagnostic workup is important for: i) the identification of treatable/reversible or health-threatening conditions; ii) selection of patients for assisted reproductive techniques; iii) for appropriate genetic counselling including preventive measures (preimplanatation or prenatal diagnosis) to safeguard the health of future offspring.     

囊胚玻璃化冻存前激光打孔对冻融后移植效果的影响

背景：一系列研究均表明人工皱缩囊胚腔能明显提高囊胚的玻璃化冻融效果,但在皱缩过程中采用的物理方法和使用材料的不同可能会造成囊胚细胞的机械性损伤。 目的：探讨囊胚玻璃化冻存前激光打孔对冻融后移植效果的影响。 方法：3例不孕患者,平均年龄30岁,于囊胚玻璃化冻存前行激光打孔使囊胚皱缩,平均冻存时间为1年,确定移植前给予解冻。 结果与结论：3例患者中有2例取得了满意的妊娠结局,1例未妊娠。说明采用激光辅助打孔的方法使囊胚皱缩,结合玻璃化冻融后行囊胚移植安全有效。     

猪后肢软组织爆炸伤后封闭负压引流组织修复效果与常规法的比较

背景：以往封闭式负压引流在外伤、切割伤等感染创面治疗上效果较为满意,但其对爆炸伤的治疗效果却少见报道。 目的：以猪后肢软组织爆炸伤为治疗模型,观察封闭式负压引流对爆炸伤的治疗效果。 方法：用雷管先后于4只活体健康白猪双后肢肌肉组织发达处行模拟爆炸,建立爆炸伤动物模型,并造成伤口污染后,一侧行封闭式负压引流治疗,对侧行常规治疗即每日用双氧水、新洁尔灭、生理盐水冲洗,油纱覆盖。实验动物于爆炸伤后第3,5,7 天分别进行细菌学检查,羟辅氨酸含量测定,苏木精-伊红染色,观察对比双侧各项指标的差异。 结果与结论：封闭式负压引流治疗3 d后,治疗侧细菌数量少于对照侧(P < 0.05)。封闭式负压引流治疗侧在治疗后第3,5,7 天羟辅氨酸含量明显高于对照侧(P < 0.05),相比对照侧,封闭式负压引流侧无明显炎症细胞渗出,碎裂区外侧可见大量肉芽组织形成。由此可见,封闭式负压引流能够加快爆炸伤创面愈合,可减少感染和各种并发症发生概率,治疗效果明显优于常规治疗。     

术中加温输液对机器人腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术患者体温和凝血功能的影响

［摘要］ 目的 探讨术中加温输液对机器人腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术患者体温和凝血功能的影响。方法 选取择期行机器人腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术患者60例,年龄18～65岁,ASAⅠ~Ⅲ级,随机分为对照组和加温输液组,每组30例。对照组采用常规保温措施（室温24℃以上、患者身体覆盖棉被、预热腹腔冲洗液、术后采用充气式升温系统复温）;加温输液组在常规保温措施的基础上术中持续加温输液,温度设置为41℃。观察患者围术期核心体温（鼻咽温）和PT、APTT、TT、Fib、PLT等凝血指标的变化。结果 对照组术中体温进行性下降（最低35℃）,除了基础值和术后1 h以外的各时间点体温均低于加温输液组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;加温输液组术中体温与基础值比较也有下降（P<0.05）,但均在36℃以上。对照组APTT的延长时间大于加温输液组（P<0.05）、TT的缩短时间大于加温输液组（P<0.05）;PT、Fib、PLT组间比较无统计学差异。结论 机器人腹腔镜膀胱癌根治术中采用持续加温输液,可维持患者体温正常,避免低体温引起的凝血功能紊乱。