Preparing Adult Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Students for Role Transition Through Hospital Immersion

The study explored adult gerontology acute care nurse practitioner (AGACNP) student’s self-perception of confidence and competence in essential domains of nurse practitioner (NP) skills. A preclinical hospital immersion experience was developed to improve transition to the ACACNP role. AGACNP students participated in once-weekly sessions for 3 consecutive weeks, with 14 students completing the experience over a 3-year period. Data showed a 28.7% improvement in student’s self-perception of confidence and competence, with statistically significant improvement in clinical decision-making skills and NP role. AGACNP students requested additional days and appreciated direct faculty feedback, while faculty efficiently supported AGACNP role transition.     

Metabolic profiling of plasma from cardiac surgical patients concurrently administered with tranexamic acid: DI-SPME–LC–MS analysis

A metabolic profile of plasma samples from patients undergoing heart surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and concurrent administration of tranexamic acid was determined. Direct immersion solid phase microextraction (DI-SPME), a new sampling and sample preparation tool for metabolomics, was used in this study for the first time to investigate clinical samples. The results showed alteration of diverse compounds involved in different biochemical pathways. The most significant contribution in changes induced by surgery and applied pharmacotherapy was noticed in metabolic profile of lysophospholipids, triacylglycerols, mediators of platelet aggregation, and linoleic acid metabolites. Two cases of individual response to treatment were also reported.     

火器伤合并海水浸泡后的愈合过程观察

目的:建立大鼠肢体火器伤合并海水浸泡模型,观察伤后愈合过程并分析影响愈合因素。方法:利用小型点爆源制造小鼠肢体火器伤模型,随机选取20只雄性Wistar大鼠,分为对照组及实验组,每组10只。制造肢体火器伤模型后对照组不浸泡,实验组伤后海水浸泡30min。观察记录伤后愈合过程,检测愈合过程中愈合时间、伤口面积、体重等指标变化及伤口愈合后的病理形态。结果:实验组伤口愈合时间较对照组晚;伤后相同时间点两组伤口面积存在差异;实验组创后早期显著体重下降,晚期体重平均增加量显著低于对照组;实验组伤口愈合后真皮层及皮下存在特殊病理学变化。结论:与单纯火器伤相比,火器伤合并海水浸泡可导致伤口延迟愈合。     

三种不同方法测量年龄相关性白内障患者前房深度的比较

目的：：比较光学生物学测量仪( IOL Master )、接触式和浸润式A超对前房深度( anterior chamber depth,ACD)的测量结果,分析三种测量方法是否存在差异及其一致性。方法：选取2013-07/10于我院诊断为年龄相关性白内障患者58例98眼术前分别进行IOL Master、接触式A超和浸润式A超的ACD测量,应用方差分析对三种方法的测量结果差异进行比较,应用Blant-Altman分析法比较其一致性。结果：IOL Master 测量 ACD 为2.31~3.90(平均3.03±0.38) mm;接触式 A 超测量 ACD 为1.51~4.06(平均2.88±0.56)mm;浸润式A超测量ACD为1.99~4.17(平均3.17±0.38)mm。 IOL Master和接触式A超的ACD测量值差异有统计学意义( P=0.022<0.05)。 IOL Master和浸润式A超ACD测量值差异有统计学意义( P=0.031<0.05)。接触式A超与浸润式A超ACD测量值差异有统计学意义(P=0.000<0.05)。三种方法相互间一致性均较差。结论：三种方法测量白内障患者ACD时,浸润式A超测得结果最大,IOL Master次之,接触式A超测得结果最小,三者相互间一致性均较差,临床不建议相互替代。     

Pretreatment with intestinal trefoil factor alleviates stress-induced gastric mucosal damage via Akt signaling

BACKGROUNDStress-related gastric mucosal damage or ulcer remains an unsolved issue for critically ill patients. Stress ulcer prophylaxis has been part of routine intensive care, but uncertainty and controversy still exist. Co-secreted with mucins, intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) is reported to promote restitution and regeneration of intestinal mucosal epithelium, although the mechanism remains unknown.AIMTo elucidate the protective effects of ITF on gastric mucosa and explore the possible mechanisms.METHODSWe used a rat model of gastric mucosal damage induced by water immersion restraint stress and lipopolysaccharide-treated human gastric epithelial cell line to investigate the potential effects of ITF on damaged gastric mucosa both in vivo and in vitro.RESULTSITF promoted the proliferation and migration and inhibited necrosis of gastric mucosal epithelia in vitro. It also preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa by upregulating expressions of occludin and zonula occludens-1. In the rat model, pretreatment with ITF ameliorated the gastric mucosal epithelial damage and facilitated mucosal repair. The protective effects of ITF were confirmed to be exerted via activation of Akt signaling, and the specific inhibitor of Akt signaling {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"LY249002","term_id":"1257710161","term_text":"LY249002"}}LY249002 reversed the protective effects.CONCLUSIONITF might be a promising candidate for prevention and treatment of stress-induced gastric mucosal damage, and further studies should be undertaken to verify its clinical feasibility.     

The effects of water immersion and restraint stress on the expressions of apelin,apelin receptor (APJR) and apoptosis rate in the rat heart

Apelin has been identified as an endogenous ligand of the orphan G-protein-coupled apelin receptor (APJR). These receptors are widely expressed in the central nervous system and periphery and play a role in the regulation of fluid and glucose homeostasis, feeding behavior, vessel formation, cell proliferation and immunity. We aimed to investigate whether water immersion and restraint stress have effects on apelin and APJR expression and apoptosis in heart tissue of male Wistar rats. The cardiac tissues were obtained from control, water immersion and restraint stress (WIRS) and apelin antagonist (F13A) + WIRS groups of rats and embedded in paraffin wax. Immunohistochemical staining methods were used to localize apelin, APJR and TUNEL immunopositive cells. H-SCORE was used for semi-quantitative determinations. Apelin protein levels were determined by Western blot in the cardiac tissues and plasma corticosteroid levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Apelin immunolocalization was found especially in endothelial cells and mast cells and faintly in cardiomyocytes, APJR immunostaining was shown in endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes, and TUNEL reaction was observed in endothelial cells and in some fibroblasts. Apelin expression was significantly increased in the WIRS and F13A + WIRS groups compared to the control group. The APJR reaction was similar in all groups. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly higher in the F13A + WIRS group than that of the control group. Our study showed that WIRS for 6 h increased plasma corticosterone levels and cardiac apelin expression in rats. The increased levels of apelin inhibited stress-induced apoptosis in heart. These results may be important for the therapeutic approach to a variety of stress-related heart disease.     

低温海水浸泡对大鼠血浆蛋白质组的影响研究

目的模拟海难落水所致重度低体温损伤,比较鉴定低温海水浸泡模型动物血浆蛋白质组差异,为研究低体温相关血浆蛋白提供线索。方法将50只雄性健康Wistar大鼠平均分成5组,分别在低温海水中浸泡0、2、4、6、10 h后采集下腔静脉血。分离血浆后,用试剂盒去除Ig G和白蛋白等高丰度蛋白,并经过除盐后采用蛋白质双向凝胶电泳(2-DE)分离。对差异1.5倍以上的蛋白斑点,用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)进行肽质量指纹图谱分析,应用NCBI或Swiss-prot数据库鉴定差异蛋白质。结果大鼠浸泡在15℃海水中,中心体温(肛温)迅速下降,浸泡30 min降至19℃,浸泡120 min降至16℃左右,体温维持不变,说明进入重度低体温状态。初步鉴定出3个与低温相关差异蛋白,肺表面相关蛋白A(SP-A)、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂A3K(SPA3K)和抑制物组织基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-3(TIMP-3)。与正常大鼠相比,这3个蛋白的表达水平均随着低温海水浸泡时间的延长明显上调。结论低温海水浸泡后的大鼠血浆蛋白质组相对正常大鼠血浆蛋白质组有改变。研究差异蛋白有助于阐明低温损伤的分子机制,为研究和治疗低体温症提供靶标。