实施学龄期住院患儿无陪伴的做法与成效

传染源属于传染病流行的一个主要环节。为减少传染源,控制病房的交叉感染,减少住院患儿陪伴引发护患矛盾,实施学龄期住院患儿无陪伴制度,建立良好的护患关系,加强护患成效沟通,营造温馨的住院环境,家长对护理工作满意率达97.5%,确保了病房空气监测合格。     

Strategies elementary school children use to influence mothers' food purchasing decisions

This study aimed to understand the strategies elementary-school-aged children used to influence mothers' food purchasing decisions. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 children aged 6–11 years and their mothers living in South Carolina. Strategies to influence mothers' food purchases were collected from children and their mothers separately. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and open-coded. The constant comparative method was used for data analysis. Coding matrices were used to compare children's and mothers' responses on the children's strategies. Children reported 157 instances of 25 distinct strategies to influence mothers' purchasing decisions. Mothers had concordance with 83 instances of these strategies. Mothers were more concordant with sons than daughters. The most common and successful strategies reported by children and mothers were repeated polite requests, reasoned requests and referencing friends. Other strategies included offers to contribute money or service, using other family members to pursue mothers for the item, writing a list and grabbing desired items. Mothers perceived that children had a large influence on food purchasing decisions. Children were aware of the strategies that would get positive reactions from mothers. They (children) could get their desired items a lot of times, often, or several times in a month from their mothers irrespective of the healthfulness of the items. Children's influence can be used as a change agent for improving mothers' food purchases if children prefer healthy foods. Efforts are needed for mothers and children to help address children's strategies to influence mothers to purchase unhealthy foods and make healthy foods more appealing to children.     

School-age developmental needs in children born preterm

Children born preterm are at risk of developing neurodevelopmental, cognitive and mental health needs. There is an inverse correlation between gestational age and those needs. Difficulties with communication and language, executive function, learning, coordination, behaviour, and mental health tend to become more obvious as the social and academic demand increases in later childhood. By school age, children born preterm without severe neurodisability have often been discharged from neonatal follow-up programmes and opportunities for early recognition are missed. Long term follow-up with enhanced developmental surveillance as well as raising awareness of the consequences of prematurity in school are essential in identifying the needs of children born preterm, so that timely interventions can be implemented. In this article, we draw attention to the school-age developmental needs of children born preterm and the implications for clinical care for this population.     

有氧活动降低学龄儿童抑郁状态研究：基于社会心理功能5维度的多重中介效应分析

目的 探究有氧能力对学龄儿童抑郁状态的影响机制，以及社会心理功能5维度(情感症状、品行问题、同伴问题、亲社会行为和过度活跃)在两者间的多重中介作用。方法 2021年10至12月，采用整群抽样法，选取两所小学二至五年级学生，采用20米折返跑、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表和长处和困难问卷进行调查。结果 共391例学生参加有氧能力测试，其中312例参与问卷调查，回收有效问卷294份。有氧能力、抑郁状态、情感症状、同伴问题、亲社会行为和过度活跃各变量间两两相关(|r|> 0.127, P <0.05)(除有氧能力与同伴问题、情感症状与亲社会行为外)；多重中介效应模型结果显示，有氧能力直接显著负向预测抑郁状态；情感症状、同伴问题、亲社会行为和过度活跃的中介作用显著，分别占中介效应量的34.37%、12.54%、34.06%和17.80%。结论 有氧能力既直接影响学龄儿童抑郁状态，也可通过降低情感症状、同伴问题、过度活跃，增加亲社会行为等途径，提高社会心理功能，间接影响抑郁状态。     

The Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease among School-Age Children in China: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) in school-age children, to identify the extent to which altitude affects the prevalence of the disease, and to examine trends in prevalence over time in China. Methods: Seven databases were systematically searched and last retrieved on September 10, 2021 for all studies reporting the prevalence of CHD in children after 1970 in China, which were then divided into high and low altitude regions based on 2500 meters above sea level. The random-effected model was used to combine prevalence data and subgroups analysis. The baseline data of all cases and individuals were used for comparison to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for overall and different altitude prevalence. Results: A total of 12,926,083 individuals (aged 3-18 years), with 31,835 cases from 86 studies, were included in the analysis. The pooled CHD prevalence of total children was 4.69 [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.10 to 5.29] per 1000 children. Overall, temporal trends analysis indicated that the prevalence of CHD in children continuously decreased with time, from 6.19 (95% CI: 4.50 to 7.88) per 1000 children in 1976–1985 to 3.30 (95% CI: 2.49; 4.38) per 1000 children in 2016–2021. The OR for the prevalence of CHD in children from high and low altitudes with baseline data was 2.84 (95% CI: 2.48 to 3.27) and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.13 to 1.53) (χ² = 53.89, p < 0.01), respectively. The OR of the prevalence of CHD in male children compared to females was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.53 to 0.68) at high altitudes and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.89) at low altitudes. Among the seven most common subtypes, patent ductus arteriosus was the most common at high altitudes, while atrial septal defects were the most common at low altitudes. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights for further disease prevention and etiological exploration. The overall decreasing trend in the prevalence of CHD in children over time may indicate a positive effect of perinatal management and treatment during infancy.