甲叉四氢叶酸还原酶C677T与精神分裂症的连锁不平衡研究

目的 通过对甲叉四氢叶酸还原酶（methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)C677T错义突变与精神分裂症的连锁不平衡研究，探讨该突变与精神分裂症的关系。方法 对115个精神分裂症同胞及核心家系中，用XDT和MAPMAKER／SIBS软件系统进行MTHFRC677T与精神分裂症的连锁不平衡分析。按照不同的诊断范围将家系分类，分别在全体家系及发病年龄小于25岁的家系中进行连锁不平衡分析。结果 在4种不同的诊断分类下，对全体家系进行连锁不平衡分析未发现阳性结果。对发病年龄小于25岁的患者家系进行分析时发现，在4种不同的诊断灵感上均具有显著性意义，P值分别小于0．05及0．01。结论 MTHFR C677T错义突变可能为影响精神分裂症易感性的基因之一，尤其是在发病年龄较早的患病群体中。     

A clinical trial of adjunctive oestrogen treatment in women with schizophrenia

Summary A double-blind, 28-day, placebo-controlled study was conducted with three groups of women of child-bearing age (N = 12 in each group) who received standardised antipsychotic medication plus a) 50 μg transdermal estradiol or b) 100 μg transdermal estradiol or c) transdermal placebo. Preliminary analyses show that women receiving 100 μg of estradiol made greater improvements in the symptoms of schizophrenia than either the 50 μg estradiol or placebo groups. The addition of 100 μg adjunctive transdermal oestrogen significantly enhanced treatment responsivity of acute, severe psychotic symptoms in women with schizophrenia. The positive impact of oestrogen treatment on psychotic symptoms via a multiplicity of possible actions (see accompanying articles in this issue) may prove clinically useful in the overall treatment of women with schizophrenia. Accepted June 2002, Published online September 16, 2002 Correspondence: Prof. Jayashri Kulkarni, Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Prahran. Vic. 3181, Australia; e-mail: jayashri.kulkarni@med.monash.edu.au     

Association study of dopamine D3 receptor gene and schizophrenia

Several groups have reported an association between schizophrenia and the MscI polymorphism in the first exon of the dopamine D3 receptor gene (DRD3). We studied this polymorphism using a North American sample (117 patients plus 188 controls) and an Italian sample (97 patients plus 64 controls). In the first part of the study, we compared allele frequencies of schizophrenia patients and unmatched controls and observed a significant difference in the total sample (P = 0.01). The second part of the study involved a case control approach in which each schizophrenia patient was matched to a control of the same sex, and of similar age and ethnic background. The DRD3 allele frequencies of patients and controls revealed no significant difference between the two groups in the Italian (N = 53) or the North American (N = 54) matched populations; however, when these two matched samples were combined, a significant difference was observed (P = 0.026). Our results suggest that the MscI polymorphism may be associated with schizophrenia in the populations studied. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Neurophysiological and psychological predictors of genetic risk for schizophrenia

Mathematical genetic analyses were performed on a sample of schizophrenic families (25 probands and 58 first-degree relatives). Heritability coefficients were estimated for EEG power spectrum parameters and their topography, and also for psychological test data on thought and speech process disorder, designed to assess altered selectivity in cognitive activity. Multiple regression equations for genetic counseling regarding the prognosis of mental illness were derived from the neurophysiological and psychological measures.     

513例住院精神分裂症患者临床特点的性别差异

目的 :比较男性及女性精神分裂症住院病人的起病年龄、症状特点、病程演变特点及社会功能等指标的差异。方法 :选择 5 13例住院精神分裂症患者 ,详细收集临床资料 ,并进行《阳性及阴性症状评定量表》 (PANSS)及《大体功能量表》 (GAF)的评定 ,以此为依据进行性别间的比较分析。结果 :(1)总体上看 ,男性患者的起病年龄 (2 5 6± 7 3岁 )显著早于女性患者 (2 7 5± 8 6yrs) (P <0 0 1) ,但有家族史的患者间起病年龄差异不显著 (2 6 3± 6 9岁vs 2 6 8± 8 4岁 ) ;与男性相比 ,女性患者具有如下倾向 :症状模式较多为持续阳性症状 ,多为发作性波动或轻度恶化病程 ,阳性及情感症状更明显 ,且未婚或离婚的比例(5 3 9% )显著低于男性 (67 2 % )。结论 :男性及女性精神分裂症患者在发病年龄、症状特点及病程转归等多方面均存在显著差异 ,提示在制定治疗康复方案方面 ,应有所区别     

No association between schizophrenia and homozygosity at the D3 dopamine receptor gene

The D₃ dopamine receptor gene is an important candidate gene for schizophrenia, since (because of its almost exclusive expression in the limbic system) it combines the dopamine receptor hypothesis with the limbic system hypothesis of schizophrenia. A BalI restriction fragment length polymorphism of the D₃ dopamine receptor gene has been typed in 107 schizophrenic patients and 98 normal controls from Sichuan (China). With regard to alleles or genotypes, no significant differences were obtained between controls from Europe and China, between patients and controls, and between patient subgroups and controls. These results indicate a lack of association between schizophrenia and the D₃ dopamine receptor gene in our sample. Our findings are at variance with reports of a significant excess of homozygosity at the D₃ dopamine receptor gene in schizophrenic patients from Wales (United Kingdom) and Alsace (France). In conclusion, further studies will be needed with larger samples of patients from Wales and Alsace as well as with samples of different racial groups to prove or disprove the initial positive association between schizophrenia and genotypes of the D₃ dopamine receptor gene. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

首发精神分裂症与生活事件和社会支持的关系

目的 了解生活事件和社会支持与首发精神分裂症的关系。方法 采用生活事件量表和社会支持量表作评定工具，对42例首发精神分裂症与42名正常人进行对比研究。结果 首发精神分裂症患者负性生活事件和正性生活事件及生活事件总值均显著高于对照组，首发精神分裂症患者的社会支持量表分明显低于对照组。结论 生活事件和社会支持不足与首发精神分裂症的发病密切相关。     

"重返社区技能训练"对精神分裂症康复的作用

目的 :探讨重返社区技能训练对缓解社区精神分裂症患者的精神症状和改善其社会功能方面的作用。方法 :将 5 0例非急性期的社区精神分裂症患者随机分为技能训练组 (以下简称训练组 ;2 5例 )和对照组 (2 5例 ,其中脱落 2例 )。对技能训练组进行技能训练共 4周 ,然后随访 12周。采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表 (PANSS)、MorningSide康复状态量表 (MRSS)对患者进行评估。结果 :训练组患者的PANSS评分(3 9 96± 7 44 )、阴性量表总分 (11 92± 5 13 )、一般精神病理量表总分 (2 0 60± 2 95 )优于对照组 (分别为45 77± 8 95、 15 13± 4 79、 2 3 5 0± 5 3 7,P <0 0 5 ) ;训练组患者的MRSS总分 (3 1 60± 17 3 7)、依赖量表总分 (7 2 8± 5 41)、活动能力缺乏量表总分 (9 0 8± 5 5 2 )均优于对照组 (分别为 44 68± 13 61、 11 77± 5 17、15 0 0± 4 48) ;训练组的复发率 (4 % )低于对照组 (17% ) ,但差异无显著性。结论 :在药物治疗的基础上 ,重返社区技能训练能改善精神分裂症患者的症状及其社会功能     

五音乐曲对精神分裂症脑电活动率的影响

目的 :观察五音乐曲刺激对精神分裂症患者脑电活动产生的影响。方法 :选取 2 0例精神分裂症患者和 10名正常对照 ,分别记录安静时段及聆听五音乐曲时段的脑电图 ,将脑电信号转化为功率数值 ,将 β/α定义为脑电活动率。 结果 :1、正常人与精神分裂症患者的脑电活动率在安静状态差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。在听乐曲时患者的脑电活动率在C3、T3、T4、T5导联中 ,明显高于正常人 (P <0 0 5 )。 2、正常人在安静状态和听乐曲时其左右脑脑电活动率差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。精神分裂症患者在安静状态左右脑脑电活动率在O1、O2及T5、T6导联间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并且听乐曲时在P3、P4和C3、C4以及F7、F8导联间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :在五音乐曲的刺激下 ,精神分裂症患者的脑电反应与正常人不同。     

Conditioned taste aversion using four different means to deliver sucrose to rats

A solution of sucrose either to be drunk from a drinking tube-self-drinking procedure (SD)-or perfused intraorally as a consequence of nose-pokes-self-administration procedure (SA)-or perfused as a consequence of licking an empty tube (LA)-was paired with an LiCl-induced malaise in rats. The effects were compared to those of a procedure consisting of intraoral administration (IO) of sucrose not contingent to any specific action of the rat. Similar levels of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) were obtained but extinction in the IO procedure was quicker than in the SA procedure, which was itself quicker than in the SD procedure. Extinctions in the IO and LA procedures resembled one another and were quicker than in the SD procedure. A step towards deciding between several explanatory hypotheses of these differences was made by conducting two more experiments. The third experiment was based on reinstatement, or not, of the conditioning procedure for the test after standard IO extinction. CTA was produced only when SD was used both at conditioning and test. A fourth experiment was based on latent inhibition where the procedure was changed, or not, between preexposure and conditioning. Latent inhibition was absent only when the rats had been preexposed to sucrose with the SA procedure and conditioned with the SD procedure.