氮平衡指数(NBI)评价氨基酸强化大米蛋白质的营养价值

本研究用氟平衡指数对氨基酸强化大米的效果进行了探讨。作者在用断乳鼠以PER、NPR、PRE和NPU等指标衡量氨基酸强化大米效果的基础上,进一步用多水平蛋白质的氮平衡指数确证其作用。研究包括成年鼠和断乳鼠二个系列实验。结果表明;同时用0.5％L-赖氨酸和0.3％DL-苏氨酸强化大米均接近全蛋粉的效价,单独用0.3％或0.5％L-赖氨酸强化大米在断乳鼠也有提高蛋白效价的作用。用含有相应强化比例的氨基酸的脱脂豆粉补充大米,对氮平衡的作用也与氨基酸强化作用近似。     

TREATMENT OF MASSIVE OBESITY: RICE/REDUCTION DIET

Massive obesity in human beings can be treated successfully with the rice diet. Do you have to pack your bags and leave home? Perhaps.     

中药红曲复方制剂降脂作用的实验研究

[目的]探讨中药红曲复方制剂对降低高脂血症模型大鼠血脂水平的疗效。[方法]采用高脂饲料喂养SD大鼠建立预防性高脂血症模型,将实验大鼠分成阴性对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组。连续灌胃给药30d,观察中药红曲复方制剂对高脂血症大鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的影响。[结果]与阴性对照组比较,高脂饲料连续喂养30d后,模型对照组大鼠血清TG、TC和LDL-C显著升高(P0.01);与模型对照组比较,给药30d后,阳性对照组TG、TC和LDL-C显著降低(P0.05);低剂量组大鼠血清TG显著降低(P0.05),中剂量组和高剂量组血清TG、TC和LDL-C显著地降低(P0.01);各剂量组大鼠血清HDL-C无统计学差异(P0.05)。[结论 ]中药红曲复方制剂可有效控制并降低血脂水平。     

Comparative toxicity of bentazon and molinate on growth,photosynthetic pigments,photosynthesis, and respiration of the Portuguese ricefield cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum

Bentazon and molinate are selective herbicides recommended for integrated weed management in rice. Their toxicity on growth and some biochemical and physiological parameters of Nostoc muscorum, an abundant cyanobacterium in Portuguese rice fields, was evaluated under laboratory conditions during time‐ and concentration‐dependent exposure for 72 h. Results showed that toxic concentrations (0.75–2 mM) of both herbicides have pleiotropic effects on the cyanobacterium. Molinate was more toxic than bentazon to growth, respiration, chlorophyll‐a, carotenoids, and phycobiliproteins contents. Protein content was increased by both herbicides although the effect was particularly evident with higher concentrations of molinate (1.5–2 mM). The herbicides had contrasting effects on carbohydrates content: molinate increased this organic fraction whereas bentazon decreased it. Photosynthesis and respiration were inhibited by both herbicides. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.     

A Markerless Motion Capture System to Study Musculoskeletal Biomechanics: Visual Hull and Simulated Annealing Approach

Human motion capture is frequently used to study musculoskeletal biomechanics and clinical problems, as well as to provide realistic animation for the entertainment industry. The most popular technique for human motion capture uses markers placed on the skin, despite some important drawbacks including the impediment to the motion by the presence of skin markers and relative movement between the skin where the markers are placed and the underlying bone. The latter makes it difficult to estimate the motion of the underlying bone, which is the variable of interest for biomechanical and clinical applications. A model-based markerless motion capture system is presented in this study, which does not require the placement of any markers on the subject's body. The described method is based on visual hull reconstruction and an a priori model of the subject. A custom version of adapted fast simulated annealing has been developed to match the model to the visual hull. The tracking capability and a quantitative validation of the method were evaluated in a virtual environment for a complete gait cycle. The obtained mean errors, for an entire gait cycle, for knee and hip flexion are respectively 1.5° (±3.9°) and 2.0° (±3.0°), while for knee and hip adduction they are respectively 2.0° (±2.3°) and 1.1° (±1.7°). Results for the ankle and shoulder joints are also presented. Experimental results captured in a gait laboratory with a real subject are also shown to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the presented method in a clinical environment.     

氯硝柳胺稻田浸杀灭螺不同施药方式的灭螺效果

目的观察氯硝柳胺稻田浸杀灭螺不同施药方式的灭螺效果。方法选择6处稻田,以50％氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂浸杀量2g/m2,采用撒粉、喷洒、泼洒3种施药方式,灭螺后不同时间比较3种施药方式的灭螺效果和操作繁简。结果灭螺后7d钉螺3种施药方式的钉螺死亡率为91．97％“96．15％之间,平均活螺密度由灭前的8．12只／m2下降到0．51只／m2,降幅93．71％,撒粉法的钉螺死亡率和活螺密度降幅略高于喷洒法和泼洒法,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。撒粉、喷洒、泼洒3法的劳动力成本比例为1：2：3。结论氯硝柳胺浸杀灭螺剂量2g／m2稻田浸杀灭螺效果好,撒粉施药方式具有操作简便,不需要特殊器具,省工省时等优点,建议现场稻田浸杀灭螺中推广使用撒粉法施药。     

Identification of an anticancer compound against HT-29 cells from Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice

Objective

To isolate and identify the anticancer compound against proliferation of human colon cancer cells from ethyl acetate (EtOAC) extract of Phellinus linteus grown on germinated brown rice (PB).

Methods

EtOAC extract of PB was partitioned with n-hexane, EtOAC, and water-saturated n-butanol. Anticancer compound of n-hexane layer was isolated and identified by HPLC and NMR, respectively. Cytotoxicity against HT-29 cells was tested by SRB assay.

Results

The n-hexane layer obtained after solvent fractionation of PB EtOAC extracts showed a potent anticancer activity against the HT-29 cell line. Atractylenolide I, a eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactone, a major anticancer substance of PB, was isolated from the n-hexane layer by silica gel column chromatography and preparative-HPLC. This structure was elucidated by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic data. Atractylenolide I has not been reported in mushrooms or rice as of yet. The isolated compound dose-dependently inhibited the growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells.

Conclusions

Atractylenolide I might contribute to the anticancer effect of PB.     

Daily Rice Intake Strongly Influences the Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Men Aged 40–59 Years

Objectives: The first objective of this study was to classify men aged 40–74 yrs with metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to daily rice intake, and the second was to investigate physical measurements, physiological examinations, blood biochemical assays, intake of food other than rice and lifestyle and environmental factors in the study group.Methods: We analyzed data from 6095 men aged 40–74 yrs who had undergone full medical examinations. The men were classified into 3 age groups: (1) 40–49 yrs, (2) 50–59 yrs, and (3) 60–74 yrs. The men were classified further into 3 groups according to daily rice intake: group 1 (≤300 g), group 2 (300–450 g), and group 3 (≥450 g). The relationship between daily rice intake and the following factors was analyzed in the three age brackets: (1) physical measurements including waist circumference, (2) physiological measurements, (3) serum biochemical indices, (4) whether or not the person was taking medication for hypertension, diabetes mellitus or serum lipid abnormalities, (5) lifestyle, and (6) consumption of foods other than rice.Results: Daily rice intake was related strongly to the occurrence of MetS in all three age brackets. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed (1) a significant increase in the odds ratio for MetS (1.461 times) for group 3 compared with group 1 in men aged 40–49 yrs and (2) a significant increase in the odds ratio for MetS (1.501 times) for group 3 compared with group 1 in men aged 50–59 yrs. However, there was no significant difference in the odds ratio for MetS among rice intake groups in the 60–74 age bracket.Conclusion: In men aged 40–59 yrs, daily rice intake strongly influenced the incidence of MetS, whereas in men aged 60–74 yrs, there was no relationship between daily rice intake and MetS.     

花生壳醇提物镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用研究

对花生壳醇提物和木犀草素进行镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用的比较研究。方法:浓氨水引咳法、小鼠酚红祛痰法、豚鼠离体气管条法,观察花生壳醇提物和木犀草素的镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用。结果:花生壳醇提物能延长小鼠咳嗽潜伏期和减少咳嗽次数,而木犀草素无明显作用;花生壳醇提物及木犀草素能明显增加小鼠呼吸道酚红的排泌量;花生壳醇提物对乙酰胆碱及磷酸组胺致痉的豚鼠离体气管平滑肌有明显的解痉作用,且作用优于木犀草素。结论:花生壳醇提物有明显的镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用。     

HDL therapy today: from atherosclerosis,to stent compatibility to heart failure

Abstract

Epidemiologically, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels have been inversely associated to cardiovascular (CV) events, although a Mendelian Randomisation Study had failed to establish a clear causal role. Numerous atheroprotective mechanisms have been attributed to HDL, the main being the ability to promote cholesterol efflux from arterial walls; anti-inflammatory effects related to HDL ligands such as S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate), resolvins and others have been recently identified. Experimental studies and early clinical investigations have indicated the potential of HDL to slow progression or induce regression of atherosclerosis. More recently, the availability of different HDL formulations, with different phospholipid moieties, has allowed to test other indications for HDL therapy. Positive reports have come from studies on coronary stent biocompatibility, where the use of HDL from different sources reduced arterial cell proliferation and thrombogenicity. The observation that low HDL-C levels may be associated with an enhanced risk of heart failure (HF) has also suggested that HDL therapy may be applied to this condition. HDL infusions or apoA-I gene transfer were able to reverse heart abnormalities, reduce diastolic resistance and improve cardiac metabolism. HDL therapy may be effective not only in atherosclerosis, but also in other conditions, of relevant impact on human health.

• Key messages

• High-density lipoproteins have as a major activity that of removing excess cholesterol from tissues (particularly arteries).

• Knowledge on the activity of high-density lipoproteins on health have however significantly widened.

• HDL-therapy may help to improve stent biocompatibility and to reduce peripheral arterial resistance in heart failure.