吉非罗齐中有机溶剂残留量的顶空毛细管GC测定

建立了顶空毛细管GC法测定吉非罗齐中甲酸乙酯、THF和甲基环己烷3种有机溶剂的残留量。采用HP-1毛细管柱，溶剂DMA，内标乙酸乙酯。平均同收率分别为99．8％、100．3％、100．0％，RSD分别为0．71％、1．51％和1．76％。     

有机相脂肪酶催化合成技术在食品及相关领域的应用

对有机相脂肪酶催化合成技术的研究及其在食品、化妆品、医药、精细化工领域的应用进行了综述，表明有机相脂肪酶催化合成技术具有直接利用底物、反应条件温和、反应选择性高、产品容易分离纯化、产品具有绿色环保概念等优点。     

经T管窦道网篮取石治疗胆道残余结石

目的：采用非手术方法治疗胆道残余结石，方法：应用介入方法经T管窦道网蓝取石，结果：治疗39例。取得了满意的疗效。成功率达92．3％，结论：经T管窦道网蓝取石治疗胆道残余结石，是一种简便，安全、有效的治疗方法。     

头孢西丁钠中甲醇残留量的顶空毛细管GC法测定

建立了顶空毛细管GC法测定头孢西丁钠中甲醇残留量，并探讨了药物结构中甲氧基对测定的影响。采用DM-624石英毛细管柱，检测器为FID。甲醇在0．02～5mg／ml浓度范围内，与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0．9999）。方法平均回收率为97．7％，RSD为1．8％。     

顶空气相色谱法检测石茶感冒胶囊中的有机溶剂残留

目的建立石茶感冒胶囊中可能残留的7种有机溶剂（正己烷、苯、甲苯、对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯、二乙烯苯）的检测方法。方法采用顶空气相色谱法，色谱柱为Agilent HP—INNOWAX毛细管柱（30m×1．0mm，0．53μm），载气为高纯氮气；项空温度为70℃，顶空时间30min；柱温自30℃恒定5min，以10℃／min升温速率升至200℃，恒定5min；氢火焰离子检测器（FID），温度为250℃。结果7种有机溶剂残留物在所考察的浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9994～0．9998），精密度RSD均小于5．0％，被测组分的平均回收率在99．16％～102．0％之间。结论该方法操作简便、快速、准确度高，可用于检测石茶感冒胶囊中的有机溶剂残留物。     

Peritoneal dialysis patient survival: a comparison between a Swedish and a Korean centre.

BACKGROUND: Dialysis patient mortality remains high, and this high mortality may be due to many factors. In peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, old age, co-morbid diseases, malnutrition, low residual renal function (RRF) and a high peritoneal transport rate have been shown to influence survival, but the relative importance of these factors may differ between different patient populations. Besides, centre practice patterns may differ between centres and may influence patient survival. In addition, the literature suggests that dialysis patient survival may be better in Asian than in Caucasian patients. METHODS: The influence of centre and patient characteristics on patient survival was investigated in 132 Korean and 106 Swedish incident PD patients, who underwent initial biochemical measurements and assessment of adequacy of dialysis, nutritional status, RRF and peritoneal transport characteristics. RESULTS: At the start of PD, Korean patients had a higher prevalence of diabetes, peritoneal Kt/V(urea), peritoneal creatinine clearance and peritoneal fluid removal, and lower body mass index, RRF and dialysate to plasma creatinine concentration ratio (D/P Cr) compared with Swedish patients. Significantly more patients from Korea were placed on temporary haemodialysis before PD (100 out of 132) when compared with Swedish patients (21 out of 106). During the follow-up, there was a significantly higher rate of transfer to other units in Korea and a significantly higher rate of kidney transplantation in Sweden. On Kaplan-Meier analysis, overall patient survival did not differ and relative risk for death was also not different between the two centres even after adjustment for age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, RRF and D/P Cr. On Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis, age, diabetes, RRF and D/P Cr were found to be independent predictors of mortality in the combined cohort of patients. While age, diabetes and D/P Cr were independent predictors of mortality in Korean patients, age and RRF independently predicted mortality in Swedish patients. CONCLUSION: Although there were significant differences in centre and patient characteristics, we were unable to confirm a survival advantage for Korean over Swedish PD patients. The results of this study suggest that the reported difference in survival between Asian and Caucasian dialysis patients may have been due, in part, to differences in centre and patient characteristics rather than to race as such. The genetic influence on patient characteristics remains, however, to be elucidated.     

水分胁迫条件下不同栽培居群菘蓝中4种有机酸的变化

目的:检测北京、内蒙古、河北和陕西等4个栽培居群菘蓝叶片中草酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸和抗坏血酸等4种有机酸成分含量的差异及在淹水胁迫下的变化.方法:采用高效液相色谱法测定正常及水分胁迫下不同栽培居群的菘蓝叶片中4种有机酸的含量.结果:不同栽培居群叶片中有机酸含量不同,而在水分胁迫条件下,各栽培居群有机酸含量变化趋势相同,草酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸含量升高,抗坏血酸含量下降.结论:不同栽培居群的菘蓝所含各有机酸存在一定差异,在水淹等逆境条件下,其叶片中有机酸含量发生不同程度地变化,并与其逆境生理密切相关.     

Occupational hydrocarbon exposure and chronic nephropathy

This review aims at discussing the questions raised by the hydrocarbon-related chronic nephropathy and its possible consequence, the hydrocarbon-related chronic renal failure. It has been attempted to adopt the point of view of the clinician. Therefore, the most important part of the review is devoted to a presentation and an analysis of the available data on humans. The main features of the available studies on human subjects are presented, their conclusions discussed in the light of the possible methodological flaws, and practical conclusions drawn. After a discussion of the main difficulties encountered for selecting the suitable exposure indicator, the studies are discussed in order of decreasing quality of the study design (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional studies, and the case reports). It is concluded that a great deal of controversies about chronic hydrocarbon-related nephropathy is explained by differences in the study design and that hydrocarbon-induced nephropathy is probably more than a mere hypothesis, although a causal relationship has not yet been proven. Finally, some practical consequences for dealing with a hydrocarbon-exposed patient diagnosed with a kidney disease and the need for further research are discussed.     

Single-dose oral omeprazole for reduction of gastric residual acidity in adults for outpatient surgery

Omeprazole is a substituted benzimidazole that causes dose-dependent intracellular inhibition of gastric acid secretion in humans. This double-blind study examined the effect of omeprazole in decreasing gastric acidity and gastric residual volume in outpatient adults. Unpremedicated outpatients, ASA I-III, 18 years or older (n = 17), were randomly assigned to receive omeprazole 80 mg, or placebo by mouth the night before scheduled elective outpatient surgery. The patients were fasted for 8 h prior to surgery. After the patient was anesthetized, an orogastric tube was inserted with proper placement verified by auscultation for gastric sounds. Gastric residual contents were withdrawn into a Luken's trap, and pH was then determined and gastric volume indexed to weight (ml.kg-1). Data were analyzed by a t-test, with P less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Patient characteristics of both groups were similar. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups for pH (P = 0.02), but not between the two groups for gastric volume indexed to weight (P = 0.07).     

The use of experimental studies to reveal suspected neurotoxic chemicals as occupational hazards: acute and chronic exposures to organic solvents.

The nervous system differs from many other body organs by its central control of vital functions and its low regeneration capacity. Organic solvents have, as a group, been suspected to have neurotoxic effects. Because of their similar physical properties and the fact that in industrial uses, they are often present in various mixtures, organic solvents have also been regarded, unfortunately, to induce common neurotoxic effects. However, it is evident from experimental studies using specified exposure conditions that different organic solvents have very diverse neurotoxic effects and also that the toxic mechanism may differ between acute and chronic exposure. No specific method used to describe a neurotoxic effect or single toxic response can be used for the overall occupational risk assessment of all organic solvents. Each solvent has to be considered as having its own unique toxic effects.