肾缺血预处理对未成熟心肌凋亡蛋白表达的影响

目的 :探讨肾缺血预处理 （RIP）对未成熟心肌细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响。方法 :采用兔Langendorff模型 ,幼兔 2 4只随机分为 3组 ,对照组 （C ,n =8） :仅灌注KH液 180min ,然后取标本 ;缺血 /再灌组 （I/R ,n =8） :灌注 2 0min后 ,停灌 4 5min ,再灌 12 0min ;肾缺血预处理组 （RIP ,n =8） ,反复 2次阻断肾血流 5min/放开 5min ,建立Langendorff模型 ,然后重复I/R组缺血 /再灌方法。以凋亡细胞原位标记与半定量分析、琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA片段梯及Bcl 2、Bax、Fas基因蛋白的表达作为观察指标。结果 :凋亡细胞原位标记与半定量分析 :RIP组与I/R组比较 ,心肌细胞凋亡率显著减少 ;琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA片段梯 :RIP组与I/R组比较 ,光密度显著降低 ;RIP组与I/R组比较 ,Bcl 2表达明显增多 ,Bax、Fas表达显著减少。结论 :RIP可能通过调节Bcl 2、Bax、Fas蛋白的不同表达影响心肌细胞的凋亡。     

连续性不卧床腹膜透析治疗艾滋病并发终末期肾脏病(附一例报道)

目的：观察连续性不卧床腹膜透析（CAPD）对艾滋病（acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS）并发终末期肾脏病（ESRD）的疗效。方法：一例确诊为艾滋病的男性患者,合并慢性丙型肝炎、血友病甲（Ⅷ因子缺乏）和糖尿病,高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）1年后出现蛋白尿及肾功能不全,进展至ESRD后行CAPD治疗,观察CAPD前后残余肾功能、贫血、钙磷代谢、心功能、营养状况等变化,并进行透析充分性及并发症评估。结果：患者行CAPD治疗后高血压、贫血、氮质血症、酸中毒及心功能均明显改善,体重稳定,无水肿,Kt/V2.01/周,nPCR1.133g/（kg.d）。存在营养不良-炎症-心血管疾病综合征及代谢紊乱。结论：AIDS并发ESRD行CAPD作为肾脏替代治疗可取得满意疗效。     

Dobutamine stress echocardiography and cardiac troponin T for the detection of significant coronary artery disease and predicting outcome in renal transplant candidates.

AIMS: Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and after renal transplantation. However, the optimal non-invasive test for coronary artery disease (CAD) diagnosis in this population has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) and baseline plasma cardiac troponin T (cTnT) for detecting significant CAD and predicting adverse cardiac events in patients referred for renal transplantation. METHODS: Coronary angiography, DSE, and baseline cTnT measurements were performed in 118 consecutive patients (mean age 52+/-12 years, 75 male) with ESRD (mean creatinine 608+/-272 micromol/L) referred for renal transplantation. The mean follow-up period was 1.32+/-0.48 years. Significant CAD was defined as a reduction in luminal diameter >70% by visual estimation in at least one major epicardial vessel. An abnormal DSE result defined as the development of a new regional wall motion abnormality in one or more normal resting segments or a deterioration of wall motion in one or more resting hypokinetic segments. A baseline cTnT>0.1 microg/L was taken as positive. RESULTS: Significant CAD in at least one vessel was present in 35 patients (30%). The number of patients with significant 3 vessel and 2 vessel disease was 6 and 7, respectively. An abnormal DSE result was present in 36 (31%) patients. Thirty-one (26%) had cTnT>0.1 microg/L. Sixty-four (54%) patients were on dialysis and 46 (39%) were diabetic. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for DSE in detecting significant coronary artery disease were 88%, 94%, 86% and 95%, respectively. The same values for a raised cTnT were 54%, 62%, 40% and 74%, respectively. The combination of an abnormal DSE result and raised cTnT gave values of 61%, 91%, 76%, and 80%, respectively. Over the follow-up period, mortality was significantly higher in those with a raised baseline cTnT but not those with an abnormal DSE result or significant CAD. CONCLUSION: DSE is an accurate technique for the detection of significant CAD in renal transplant candidates. An elevated cTnT does not predict significant CAD in this population and when used in conjunction with DSE, reduces the sensitivity of the combined tests. cTnT is an important marker of prognosis in renal transplant candidates.     

老年人院内急性肾功能衰竭的临床特点及急诊腹膜透析疗效分析

目的　分析老年人院内急性肾功能衰竭 (ARF)的常见原因及床旁插管进行连续性腹膜透析 (CCPD)的临床效果。方法　老年ARF 2 8例 ,年龄 6 0～ 84 (6 8 2± 9 6 )岁。青壮年ARF 13例 (男 7例 ,女 6例 ) ,年龄 19～ 4 5(39 5± 9 1)岁。分析两组病人的ARF致病因素 ,观察和对比 32例床旁插管进行腹膜透析 (PD)的临床效果。结果　在导致ARF的各种原因中 ,肾前性因素占的 32 1% ,感染及创伤控制欠佳共占 39 3%以及肾毒性药物的不当使用占 14 3% ,合计占 85 7%。 2 1例老年ARF患者 (76 % )接受腹膜透析治疗 ,11例 (5 2 4 % )获得完全缓解、5例 (2 3 8% )转为慢性维持腹膜透析 ,抢救成功率达到 81 0 % ,病死率仅为 19 1%。结论　肾前性因素 ,感染及创伤的控制欠佳以及肾毒性药物的不当使用是老年人院内ARF的常见原因 ,床旁插管进行腹膜透析是一种安全、简单、有效的治疗方法。     

Percutaneous high-speed rotational atherectomy (Rotablator™) of a restenosed ostial renal artery: A case report

This case report describes the feasibility and potential benefit of the use of a high-speed rotational atherectomy device (the Rotablator?) in the treatment of renovascular hypertension in a patient with a recorded restenosis of an ostial renal artery lesion following standard balloon angioplasty.     

Paradoxical emboli through the patent foramen ovale as the suspected cause of myocardial and renal infarction in a 48-year-old woman.

We review the case of a 48-year-old woman who underwent elective percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure following successive renal and myocardial infarction with normal renal and coronary arteries, probably as a consequence of paradoxical emboli.     

临床药师对慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肾功能不全患者药学监护1例

本文报道了1例老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重伴肾功能不全患者进行临床药师药学监护。此患者入院给予注射用哌拉西林舒巴坦等药物治疗。由于指南中未提及肾功能减退患者哌拉西林舒巴坦的剂量调整方法,临床药师考虑哌拉西林舒巴坦与哌拉西林他唑巴坦的半衰期、排泄时间和排泄比率相似,因此用药方案采用哌拉西林他唑巴坦的剂量调整方法;患者入院第3天复查血常规提示白细胞、血小板计数低于正常值范围,临床药师考虑为哌拉西林舒巴坦的不良反应,停药后白细胞、血小板计数升至正常值范围;另外,临床药师根据患者用药情况,对支气管舒张剂的注意事项、氟康唑胶囊与其他药物的相互作用、双歧杆菌四联活菌片与美罗培南应用时间等方面进行药学监护,后患者病情好转出院。临床药师针对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的正规治疗方案对患者进行用药教育及出院注意事项的指导。     

舒脑欣滴丸治疗血虚血瘀型慢性脑供血不足的临床观察

[目的] 研究舒脑欣滴丸对血虚血瘀型慢性脑供血不足的临床疗效。[方法] 将100例符合纳入标准的慢性脑供血不足患者随机分为两组,治疗组(舒脑欣滴丸)50例、对照组(尼莫地平)50例。治疗4周后观察证候评分、经颅多普勒(TCD)、血流变的变化。[结果] 1)中医症状评分及疗效上,两组脑供血不足中医症状评分均明显低于治疗前(均P<0.05),治疗组总有效率显着高于对照组(P<0.05).两组失眠症状评分均明显低于治疗前(P<0.05),治疗组总有效率显着高于对照组(P<0.05).2)脑血流改善方面,经颅多普勒结果检测治疗组双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)及双侧基底动脉(BA)治疗后搏动指数(PI)降低,与治疗前比较有统计学差异(P<0.05),且治疗组左侧大脑中动脉(LMCA)及双侧基底动脉(BA)的搏动指数(PI)与对照组比较亦有统计学差异(P<0.05).血流速度增快两组间比较,对照组有效率高于治疗组,有统计学差异(P<0.05);血流速度减慢两组间比较无统计学意义(P>0.05).[结论] 舒脑欣滴丸可明显改善血虚血瘀型慢性脑供血不足患者临床症状,能够双向调节脑血流速度,提高血管顺应性,提高脑灌注。     

天麻素联合舒血宁治疗椎基底动脉供血不足性眩晕的临床疗效探讨

目的：探讨天麻素联合舒血宁治疗椎基底动脉供血不足的疗效。方法选取该院126例椎基底动脉供血不足性眩晕患者,随机分为两组：治疗组64例,给予天麻素0.6g,1次/d静滴联合舒血宁10 mL,1次/d静滴。对照组62例,给予天麻素0.6 g,1次/d静滴。两组患者均用药7 d,观察两组患者的治疗效果及发生不良反应情况。结果治疗组总有效率：95.3%,观察组总有效率75.8%。两组对比疗效差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05)。观察组治疗后全血粘度、血浆粘度、纤维蛋白原、红细胞比积显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组不良反应发生率经统计学分析,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论天麻素联合舒血宁治疗椎基底动脉供血不足性眩晕疗效显著,且无明显不良反应,值得在临床推广。