中国健康中青年女性全血比粘度参考值与海拔高度的关系

目的：为制定中国健康中青年女性全血比粘度参考值的统一标准提供科学依据。方法：收集了中国各地用毛细管法测定的健康中青年女性全血比粘度参考值,并对其与海拔高度的关系进行了研究。结果：发现随着海拔高度的逐渐增大,健康中青年女性全血比粘度参考值也在逐渐增大,相关性很显著。用一元回归分析的方法推导出一个回归方程。结论：如果知道了中国某地的海拔高度,就可以用回归方程估算这个地区的健康中青年女性全血比粘度参考值。     

高压下滴流床反应器动持液量的测定

在常压－２．０ＭＰａ的系统压力下测定了滴流床中气－液两相并流下流动的动持液量,了气－液流率,液相粘度,填料大小,压力以及床层高度对动持液量的影响。实验结果表明增中液体流率动持流量增加,气体流率增加时,结果相反粘度的增加对动持液量的影响不大,动持液量随填料空隙率的增大而变小。     

HBV无症状携带者与ABO血型关系的探讨

目的：探讨ＨＢＶ无症状携带者与ＡＢＯ血型间关系。方法：采用Ｗｏｏｌｆ统计方法与卡方（ｘ＾２）检验方法对１７４例ＨＢＶ无症状携带者的ＡＢＯ血型分布以及男女性别的关系进行系统分析。结果：男性携带者血型呈Ｂ〉Ｏ〉Ａ〉ＡＢ型分布,女性携带者呈Ｂ〉Ａ〉Ｏ〉ＡＢ型分布。Ａ、Ｂ、Ｏ和ＡＢ血型人相对危险率分别是０．４８７０、２．０４１４、０．９６６８和１．７９５０。结论：ＨＢＶ无症状携带者与ＡＢＯ血型间存在一定关     

利用比数比统计的结果推断相对危险度RR=1、RR>1或RR<1

目的　试图用比数比 (OR)的统计结果得出相对危险度 (RR)是否等于 1的结论 ,由此病例对照研究也能得出 2个率是否相等的统计推断。方法　推导OR与RR的关系表达式。结果　证明了总体OR与总体相对危险度RR在等于 1、大于 1和小于 1处是一致的。结论　OR的统计检验结果和推断可以得出总体RR是否等于 1、大于 1或小于 1,而且P值相同 ,由此得到 2个率是否相等的统计推断。     

胆道感染与胆汁粘度变化关系的探讨

目的了解胆道感染时胆汁粘度的动态变化,为胆结石成因提供线索,为临床提供更合理的治疗计划。方法３０例Ｔ管引流的连续病员,用ＮＸ３型毛细玻管粘度计测定相对粘度,并对胆汁作需氧、厌氧培养和菌落计数。结果有菌胆汁粘度明显高于无菌胆汁,但与细菌量的多少无关。有菌胆汁中粘度明显大于术后各天,后随引流时间而逐渐下降,至６天后趋于稳定并接近正常。有菌胆汁菌落量在术后２周内不随引流时间增加而变化,直到术后第３周菌落量才有显著减少。结论有菌胆汁粘度升高,但细菌并非直接因素。胆汁中的细菌和粘度升高在胆管结石形成中起协同作用。Ｔ管引流能有效地降低胆汁粘度,而胆汁中细菌量在引流术后第３周才有显著减少,临床２周时拨除Ｔ管细菌可潜伏下来,对胆管炎和胆管结石的复发可能起作用。     

矽肺患者的血液流变状况及其临床意义

目的　探讨矽肺与血液流变学的关系及其临床意义。方法　检测了８５ 例男性矽肺患者、４５ 例男性慢性支气管炎患者及１００ 例健康男性对照者的血液流变学各项指标值。结果　与对照组和慢性支气管炎组比较,矽肺组的红细胞压积、切变率为４ ｓ－１ ～２００ ｓ－１ 时的全血表观黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞电泳时间、血小板电泳时间平均值均显著升高;不同病情矽肺组、不同肺功能状况矽肺组上述检测值的平均值均随病情加重、肺功能下降而升高,并均显著高于对照组。逐步回归发现,矽肺患者病情与红细胞压积、４ ｓ－１和２００ ｓ－１ 切变率时的全血表观黏度、红细胞电泳时间和血小板电泳时间相关最密切,而肺功能状况和病程却均与红细胞压积、４ ｓ－１ 和２００ ｓ－１切变率时的全血表观黏度、血浆黏度、红细胞电泳时间和血小板电泳时间相关最密切。结论　矽肺患者的血液呈高黏滞状况,极易并发多种疾病。     

Adverse drug events in hospitalized patients A comparison of doctors, nurses and patients as sources of reports

Objective: This study investigated the relative value of adverse drug events reported by doctors, nurses and patients. Methods: The study was conducted on a total of four wards: the paediatric and internal medicine wards (including geriatric patients) of two peripheral hospitals in the Netherlands. Adverse drug events were collected by spontaneous reporting (doctor and nurse reports) and by daily ward visits, during which the patients were interviewed by a hospital pharmacist (patient reports). Criteria for relative value of the reported adverse drug events were the number of potentially serious reactions, the number of reactions not mentioned in the patient information leaflet and the number of reactions reported to new drugs (5 years or less on the Dutch market). No formal causality assessment was applied. Results: Over a period of 2 months in 1996 (Hospital I) and 2 months in 1997 (Hospital II) a total of 620 patients were included in the study and adverse drug events were reported in 179 (29%) of these cases. Doctors reported a statistically significant larger number of serious (26% of all doctor reports; odds ratio (OR) 3.2; confidence interval (CI) 1.2–8.7) and unknown (39%; OR 2.5; CI 1.0–6.0) adverse drug events than patients themselves during the daily ward visit. Doctors also reported more serious and unknown adverse drug events than nurses. Adverse reactions to new drugs were reported during the daily ward visit only (8% of all daily ward visit reports). Conclusion: This study reconfirms that doctors are the main source for reports of serious and unknown adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. However, patients themselves seem to report more adverse reactions to new drugs (during the daily ward visit). By focusing on patients using new drugs, the daily ward visit might become cost-effective. This needs to be explored in future studies. Received: 10 September 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 30 November 1998     

Molecular Motion of Drugs in Hydrocolloids Measured by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

The effects of a polymer, the Li-salt copolymer of methyl-methacrylic acid, and its methyl ester on the motion of drug molecules in hydrocolloids were studied. The investigation was carried out by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using the model nitroxide tempol, and the spin-labeled drugs lidocaine (si-lid) and dexamethasone (sl-dex). Synthesis of sl-dex was performed. Spin-labeled molecules dissolved in hydrocolloids undergo a fast reorientation motion. The decreasing order of rotational correlation times () —sl-dex > si-lid > tempol—suggests that the size and the shape of the molecules strongly affect their motion. The inhibition of motion of larger molecules depends also on their flexibility. The values indicate proportionality of the microviscosity of hydrocolloids to the polymer concentration. Rotational motion is dependent on the local environment conditioned by the free spaces between polymer molecules.     

Effect of a diet rich in linseed oil on complex viscosity and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)

Summary The influence of a diet rich in linseed oil (10 % in weight) with a content of 61.2 % of -linolenic fatty acid on blood pressure and complex blood viscosity was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats. A decrease in blood pressure by 59 mm Hg was found compared to the age-matched, untreated control group. The viscous () and elastic () components of viscosity were also reduced at various shear rates ( ). The same applies to the aggregation index, which is a measure of the aggregation tendency of red blood cells (RBC).Of course, the effects on blood viscosity cannot explain the observed degree of blood-pressure lowering. Nevertheless, a decrease in the viscosity can improve the flow conditions in the microcirculation, which may lead to a better oxygen supply.Supported by the Alfred-Teufel-Stiftung.This study is part of the unpublished doctoral thesis of M. Schäch     

银康颗粒剂治疗银屑病252例疗效观察

目的:观察纯中药制剂银康颗粒剂治疗银屑病的,临床疗效及治疗前后患者血粘度的变化。方法:将382例患者随机分为2组,治疗组252例应用银康颗粒剂治疗,对照组130例应用复方青黛胶囊治疗;对治疗组部分病例(212例)治疗前后血粘度指标进行观察。结果:治疗组治愈148例,好转82例,未愈22例,总有效率为91.12％;对照组治愈51例,好转46例,未愈33例,总有效率为74.62％,2组总有效率比较,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。治疗组患者治疗前后全血粘度差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),血浆粘度差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:风邪外袭、血虚生风、气滞血瘀是致病的主要原因。治疗应以清热祛风与养血活血并举。