护士长对临床常用仪器风险管理认知的现状调查

目的通过对护士长临床常用仪器的风险认知现状进行调查，找出管理中存在的问题，并进行原因分析。方法采用自行设计的临床常用仪器使用认知及现状调查问卷，对110名临床护士长进行调查。结果护士长对临床常用仪器的认知水平得分为（35．23±1．58）分，得分占满分的88．08％。急诊科、中心ICU、心内科和手术室临床常用仪器的认知评分优于呼吸内科和普通病房（P〈0．05）。对仪器设备风险管理主要存在问题调查显示：54．55％科室仪器未建立信息管理，68．18％有超龄服役的仪器，73．64％仪器设备的保养未做到三级预防，72．73％对护士进行仪器设备培训未达到规范化要求，81．82％未重视患者的舒适度。结论护士长对临床常用仪器的总体认知程度有待提高，护士长在临床常用仪器日常管理中存在安全隐患。     

大脑中动脉瘤伴侧裂区血肿的诊治策略

目的 探讨大脑中动脉动脉瘤(MCAAs)伴侧裂区血肿的诊断及手术治疗经验. 方法 同顾性分析解放军总医院神经外科自2006年11月至2011年5月收治的21例MCAAs伴侧裂区血肿患者的临床资料,探讨显微外科手术治疗MCAAs伴侧裂区血肿的经验. 结果 本组患者中12例行单纯动脉瘤夹夹闭,8例行动脉瘤重新塑形并多枚动脉瘤夹夹毕,1例行动脉瘤孤立、颞浅动脉大脑中动脉架桥术;患者出院时GOS评分:4～5分16例;3分3例;2分1例;1分1例,其中神经功能障碍好转者15例,神经功能障碍无变化4例,神经功能障碍加重者1例,死亡1例. 结论 MCAAs伴侧裂区血肿,应防止误诊为高血压脑出血,显微外科手术中行载瘤动脉血流监测及体感诱发电位监测可提高治疗效果.     

Treating and management in acute Laugier's fracture: a case report

Laugier's fractures are rare because they are located deep in the elbow joint and are thus protected from any direct trauma. Laugier's fractures have been insufficiently described in the literature. Surgical treatment does not have an alternative, and timely diagnosis and surgical and physical therapy. We presented a case report of a 23 years' old man, sustained a Laugier's fracture in June 2012 after falling from motocycle (low energy trauma) and hit with his flexed elbow against the street.     

Gastric MALT lymphoma – Update on diagnosis and treatment

Gastrointestinal lymphoma represent a heterogenous group with differences in pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis. Gastric MALT lymphoma is the most common entity. Helicobacter pylori has been identified as its decisive pathogenetic factor. Once a definitive diagnosis has been established a staging procedure is obligatory for defining the stage of disease. H. pylori eradication is the treatment of choice in all MALT lymphoma patients being infected by the bacterium. In some 70–80% of patients with stages I/II complete regression of the lymphoma will develop after successful eradication of H. pylori. Another 20% of patients will reveal minimal histological residuals after eradication. They can be successfully managed by a watch-and-wait strategy if initial endoscopic abnormalities disappear. At present, it is unclear if this strategy can be also offered to patients with persisting minimal endoscopic abnormalities. Why eradication therapy is effective in some patients with negative H. pylori status is highly speculative at present. Non-responders to H. pylori therapy are transferrred to radiotherapy in stages I/II or to immuno-chemotherapy in stages III/IV.     

Novel therapies for the prevention of malaria

Background: Malaria continues to exact a huge toll on the health of residents of endemic countries. Thus, new approaches to prevention and treatment are needed. Objective: To provide an update on novel therapies for the prevention of malaria. Methods: Systematic MEDLINE search from 1956 to 2008 using the search term ‘malaria’ (with the subheadings ‘intermittent preventive treatment’, ‘mass drug administration’, ‘chemotherapy’, ‘artemisinin-based combination therapy’ and ‘home-based management of malaria’). Conclusions: Chemoprophylaxis is used as a short-term protective measure for non-immune visitors to malaria-endemic countries. However, in malaria-endemic areas, chemoprophylaxis has not been implemented widely because of concerns related to sustainability, cost-effectiveness, appropriate delivery systems and development of drug resistance. Intermittent preventive treatment, a novel approach to malaria control, has the potential to provide some of the benefits of sustained chemoprophylaxis without some of its drawbacks.     

风险管理方法在高龄透析护理中的运用

目的探讨采用风险管理方法在高龄透析患者的应用效果,以供临床参考。方法将我院2010年1月至2011年12月收治的51例共3787次高龄血液透析随机分为两组。I组患者给予一般常规护理,II组患者在护理管理中采用风险管理,比较两组护理风险发生率及患者对护理工作的满意度。结果 I组26例1348次透析共发生护理风险27例,II组发生3例,II组明显少于I组,P<0.05;II组患者护士护理工作的满意度明显优于I组患者,P<0.05。结论采用风险管理方法在高龄患者透析中应用,能取得较好的效果,降低护患风险发生率,是一种效果较好的护理管理方法。