Improving knowledge and trust in vaccines: A survey-based assessment of the potential of the European Union Clinical Trial Regulation No 536/2014 plain language summary to increase health literacy

The European Clinical Trial Regulation No 536/2014 is the first mandate for a non-technical, publicly disclosed, plain language summary (PLS) of clinical trial results. This easy-to-understand summary has the potential to inform the public about clinical trial results and thereby improve health literacy in vaccines.To investigate the utility of the PLS, we undertook 2 online surveys (July/October 2020) in the United Kingdom, the United States and India. Participants were selected by quota sampling to ensure representation of gender, age and parental status. Those lacking interest in vaccine clinical research were excluded. In survey 1, participants were questioned about their interest in and expectations of vaccine trial results. In survey 2, the perceptions of participants to a range of written communication styles used in publicly available PLSs were evaluated.A total of 66 (13%) and 122 (29%) individuals were excluded solely due to lack of interest in vaccine clinical research in surveys 1 and 2, respectively; 450 respondents (150/country) completed survey 1 and 300 (100/country) completed survey 2. In survey 1, there was a correlation (p < 0.01) between claimed knowledge of and trust in vaccines. Healthcare professionals were the most trusted source for vaccine information, while vaccine companies were ranked relatively low. In survey 2, infographic PLS formats were considered easiest to understand, most engaging and the strongest communicators. Emphasizing the main points of the infographics in the text did not improve comprehension or recall. Most respondents (86%) indicated that they would like to see this type of communication in the future.Overall, this research suggests that the PLS, by optimizing content and format, has a potential to increase health literacy, and thereby, as part of a wider integrated communication strategy, build vaccine knowledge and confidence.     

个案研讨式沙龙在老年患者护理骨干培训中的应用效果

目的探讨个案研讨式沙龙在老年患者护理骨干培训中的应用及效果。方法 2012年6-9月南方医科大学珠江医院举办护理人员老年患者护理专项进修班,从各个专科老年人的常见病、重点需要解决的问题、难点入手,通过个案研讨、统一规范的组织形式安排组织了7次个案研讨式沙龙活动。在沙龙开展前和最后一次沙龙结束时进行问卷调查,并评价培训效果。结果 33名学员中,26名(占78.8%)学员在参加本期护理沙龙前没有参加过其他形式的护理沙龙;对本期沙龙的形式及内容安排的满意率为100%,认为总体收获较大的32名(占97.0%)学员认为个案研讨式沙龙对提高临床实践能力比较有效,33名(100%)学员认为对提高全院老年患者护理整体水平和科室间合作非常重要;参加个案研讨式沙龙前后,学员的老年患者护理相关能力自评总分分别为(33.98±8.564)分、(51.87±6.668)分,差异有统计学意义(t=19.549,P<0.01),且老年患者护理相关能力13个自评项目的评分均高于参加前,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论个案研讨式沙龙对提高临床老年患者护理骨干临床实践能力、促进理论向实践转化起到了积极的作用,在今后的护理骨干培养中可以进一步推广并实施。     

公立医院职称评审社会化研究

对现行公立医院评审制度进行阐述并分析其存在的主要问题。面对当前现实,在保留公立医院职称制度的前提下,对职称评审制度提出改革建议。建议采取社会化的评审方式,以打破公立医院和行政机关对于职称评审的垄断。从公立医院职称评审主体、标准、程序、公开化、法治化和信息化等六个方面论述了评审社会化改革的路径。