No relationship between cerebral blood flow velocity and cerebrovascular reserve capacity and contemporaneously measured glucose and insulin concentrations in diabetes mellitus

Blood glucose and insulin concentrations have been reported to influence cerebral hemodynamics. We studied the relationship between actual blood glucose and insulin concentrations and resting cerebral blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery and cerebrovascular reserve capacity after acetazolamide stimulation. Thirty-six insulin-dependent diabetic patients in a state of good glycemic control were studied. Blood samples were taken for determination of glucose and insulin concentrations. Subsequently we measured resting cerebral blood flow velocities in supine position using transcranial Doppler, administered 1 g acetazolamide intravenously, and repeated the measurements after 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. Cerebrovascular reserve was calculated as the maximal percent increase after acetazolamide stimulation. Multiple regression was used for statistical analysis. Blood glucose levels were not correlated with resting blood flow velocity (R = 0.21, p = 0.22) nor cerebrovascular reserve capacity (R = 0.17, p = 0.32). Similarly, no correlation was found between insulin concentrations, resting cerebral blood flow velocity (R = 0.24, p = 0.22) and cerebrovascular reserve (R = 0.26, p = 0.24). Studying patients with long-term (> 10 years) and short-term (≤ 10 years) disease duration yielded the same lack of correlation. We conclude that there is no significant correlation between contemporaneously measured glucose and insulin concentrations and either cerebral blood flow velocity or cerebrovascular reserve capacity in the middle cerebral artery in type 1 diabetic patients with good control. Received: 13 November 1998 / Accepted in revised form: 17 December 1999     

Occupational contact dermatitis due to 2-chloracetophenone tear gas

2-Chloracetophenone (CN) is widely used as tear gas by police and civilians for self-defence. It may affect the eyes, respiratory system and skin, sometimes causing serious injuries. Both irritative and allergic contact dermatitis have been described. We report three police officers who experienced accidental escape of CN from their professional tear gas canisters. All of them showed localized dermatitis at the site of contact to CN, while widespread lesions appeared after 4 days in one case. Patch tests with the original involved tear gas dissolved in acetone (at 0.1-0.0001%) indicated an allergic reaction in two patients and an irritative reaction in the third. Occupational contact dermatitis due to CN seems to occur among police officers more often than is generally known. Infrequently, extensive health problems may be caused by CN when lesions spread over the integument. Therefore, an improvement of safety measures in occupational CN gas use is needed, especially aiming at avoidance of accidental leakage of canisters.     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中硝苯地平的浓度

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中硝苯地平的浓度.方法:分析柱为Micro Pah C 18分析柱.流动相为甲醇:水:冰乙酸:正丁胺(77:23:0.02:O.01).检测波长为235nm.采取乙醚二次萃取法提取血浆中的硝苯地平及内标安定.结果:测定硝苯地平的日内及日间精密度的RSD均小于10%.血药浓度在6.16～197.20 ng/ml范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9994).最低检测限为2ng/ml.结论:本方法适用于硝苯地平的药物动力学研究.     

治疗药物监测系统的开发及其在回顾性分析中的应用

目的:为临床药学工作者提供可自动进行多功能回顾性分析、查询及输入数据简便的治疗药物监测系统(TDMS程序)。方法:TDMS程序用VISUAL BASIC 5.0开发,在Windows 95操作系统上运行;对我院1997、1998两年用荧光偏振免疫法所测定血药浓度数据运用TDMS程序分析。结果:TDMS程序可自动增添病人档案、自动给出血药浓度参考值、能进行有效血药浓度范围情况分析、血药浓度次数比较、病人血药浓度的统计数据等回顾性分析及多功能查询。结论:TDMS程序是开展治疗药物监测(TDM)工作非常实用的工具,我院医生对TDM的依从性正逐渐增强。     

HPLC法测定血清中司帕沙星的浓度

采用HPLC法测定血清中司帕沙星的浓度。血清标本经甲醇沉淀蛋白,高速离心后取上清液直接进样。色谱条件以PE-pack C_(18)柱(5μm,4.6mm×150mm)为色谱柱,甲醇-0.2mol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液(pH2.7)(30:70)为流动相,检测波长为298nm血清中药物的最低检测浓度为0.04μg·ml~(-1)。在0.05～2μg·ml~(-1)血药浓度范围内峰高与药物浓度线性关系良好,Y=5.835 1X-0.030 6,r=0.999 3。相对回收率为91.9％～103.4％,绝对回收率为91.5％～93.6％。日内RSD为1.5％～1.9％,日间RSD为1.9％～4.5％。方法简单、快速、准确,可用于司帕沙星的临床药动学研究。     

内皮细胞衍生的一氧化氮抑制凝血酶激活的兔血小板Na~ /H~ 交换(英文)

目的:探讨内皮细胞衍生的NO对凝血酶激活的血小板内Na~ /H~ 交换的影响,方法:荧光双波长比值法,结果:内皮细胞(0.1-1×10~9·L~(-1))数量依赖地抑制凝血酶诱导的血小板聚集,硝基精氨酸1 mmol·L~(-1)可取消这种作用,用依他酸及ionomycin耗竭细胞内钙池,凝血酶诱导的血小板胞浆碱化被取消,重新充填细胞内钙池部分恢复,内皮细胞(2×10~8·L~(-1))显著抑制凝血酶诱导的兔血小板pH_i升高及内钙释放,结论:血管内皮细胞衍生的NO抑制凝血酶诱导的血小板活化是通过抑制凝血酶诱导的血小板内钙动员,继而抑制Na~ /H~ 交换的激活来介导的。     

甲磺酸左氧氟沙星血、尿浓度测定及人体内的药代动力学

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定口服甲磺酸左氧氟沙星后人血清及尿中左旋氧氟沙星药物浓度,色谱柱为ＡＬＬＴＩＭＡＣ１８５μｍ,２５０ｍｍ×４．６ｍｍ。流动相为０．００５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸溴化四丁基铵乙腈（１１１）,ｐＨ＝２．８,流速１．５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,荧光检测激发波长２９８ｎｍ,发射波长４５８ｎｍ,以环丙沙星为内标,室温下血、尿样品用１０％三氯乙酸沉淀蛋白后,取上清液进样测定。此方法日内、日间误差均小于６％,平均血清回收率为９４．５２％,尿回收率为９８．６８％。最低检测浓度为２ｎｇ／ｍｌ。应用此方法研究了１６名健康男性志愿者分两组分别单剂口服１００或２００ｍｇ国产甲磺酸左氧氟沙星片的药代动力学。试验结果表明,甲磺酸左氧氟沙星片在健康志愿者体内表现为明显的线性药动学,血药浓度数据符合二室模型,大部分药物以原型从尿中排泄。本项研究结果为国产甲磺酸左氧氟沙星片的临床应用提供了科学依据。     

高效液相色谱法测定血浆中依米配能浓度

目的:建立高效液相色谱分析方法测定血浆中依米配能浓度。方法:血样经甲醇沉淀蛋白,以甲醇硼酸(0.2mol·L-1,pH7.14)(3∶97)为流动相,紫外313nm处检测。结果:在1.8～60μg·ml-1浓度范围内,峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系,r=0.9992,最低检测浓度为1.8μg·ml-1,平均回收率(98.0±5.4)%。结论:该方法快速、简便、灵敏、可行。     

甲磺酸左氧氟沙星的药代动力学研究

用微生物法测定了ＭＳＡＬＶＬＸ在狗体内的药代动力学过程符合二室模型。４、８和１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ口服给药的Ｃｍａｘ分别为１．７３、２．８９和８．２８ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＡＵＣ值分别为１５．４３、３１．９５和７０．２ｍｇｈ／Ｌ,ＭＲＴ分别为６．９６、７．５８和６６２８ｈ。大鼠口服２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ的Ｃｍａｘ为２．８６ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｔ１／２β为２．２ｈ,ＡＵＣ为７．４ｍｇｈ／Ｌ,ＭＲＴ为３ｈ。大鼠口服后７２ｈ的尿中排泄率为４２％,而７２ｈ胆汁排泄率为３８．２％。     

慢性染铅对大鼠海马区神经细胞Ca2+浓度及Ca2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的：观察慢性染铅对大鼠海马区神经细胞Ｃａ２＋浓度及Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的影响。方法：用０．１５％醋酸铅饲养大鼠建立慢性染铅动物模型,参照Ｄｉｌｄｙ法和徐友涵法测定海马神经细胞Ｃａ２＋浓度及Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性。结果发现：细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度,染铅组（２０３．８３±３０．５０）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,对照组（９７．６２±１９．８３）ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ｔ＝８．３１Ｐ＜０．００５;Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性,染铅组（３２６．４２±４０．０６）ｎｍｏｌ（Ｐｉ）·ｍｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１,对照组（２５３．０７±２５．４０）ｎｍｏｌ（Ｐｉ）·ｍｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１,ｔ＝３．５４,Ｐ＜０．０１。结论：慢性染铅可使大鼠海马区神经细胞内Ｃａ２＋浓度升高,Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性增强