A theophylline dosage regimen which reduces round-the-clock variations in plasma concentrations resulting from diurnal pharmacokinetic variation

Summary Slower drug absorption at night can leave residual drug from an evening dose of a sustained-release product remaining to be absorbed at the time of the next morning's dose, thereby giving higher plasma concentrations of the drug during the day than the night.When a capsule product releasing theophylline over 12 h after a morning dose was given repetitively at 8 a.m. and 8 p.m. for 4 days, daytime plasma concentrations from 4 h to 8 h after the dose were about 40% greater than corresponding night-time concentrations, and the mean steady-state concentration during the night-time interval was only 81% of that during the daytime interval.Altering the regimen to one capsule at 12 noon and one at 10 p.m. eliminated all significant differences between a.m. and corresponding p.m. plasma concentrations of theophylline and between the mean steady-state concentrations for each of the interdose intervals within a day.     

Nucleolus-associated J chains in myeloma cells: clinical significance

Bone marrow aspirates from 20 patients with multiple myeloma (MM), 4 with smoldering multiple myeloma (S-MM), 1 with idiopathic Bence Jones proteinuria (I-BJP), and 6 with primary macroglobulinemia (PMG) were examined for nucleolus-associated J chain. The incidence of nucleolar J chain-positive (J+) cells among nucleolated cells producing M-component was measured. This incidence (94.0-100%) in terminal MM was significantly higher than that (0-58.0%) in non-terminal MM. Judging from a low incidence in the remission phase, chemotherapy might cause a selective elimination of less differentiated myeloma cells with J+ nucleoli and might have some effect on J chain synthesis. The incidence of nucleolar J+ cells was very low in S-MM. The IgM cells in PMG, where J chain is present in a disulfide-linked form, had no or few J+ nucleoli. No correlation between the incidence of nucleolar J+ cells among nucleolated plasma cells and the percentage of nucleolated cells or that of J+ cells was found. Large J+ nucleoli seemed to be another morphological feature indicating anaplastic myeloma cells. A high incidence of nucleolar J+ cells may be one of the indicators for progressive disease.     

两种剂量氟碳部分液体通气治疗犬吸入伤的比较研究

目的：对比研究两种剂量氟碳（PFC）部分液体通气（PLV）对蒸气吸入性损伤犬的血气和血流动力学的影响，方法：将健康犬15条随机分面两组，即PFC6ml/kg组（PFC－6）和PFC 12ml/kg(PFC-12)组，采用蒸气吸入造成吸入性损伤模型后经气管内注入PFC实施部分液体通气（PLV）治疗，观察治疗后30min,60min,90min血气，血流动力学参数的变化，结果：PFC－6组PaO2在PLV治疗30min后明显升高（P＜0．05），在治疗60min,90min生的PaO2与致伤值比较无统计学意义，而PFC－12组的PaO2在PLV治疗后30min,60min,90min均明显升高（P＜0．05），与PFC－6组相比，PFC－12组的PaO2,PvO2均呈上升趋势，但未达显著水平（P＞0．05），在PLV治疗后各时间点的PaCO2HR,MAP,CVP 致伤值相比均无明显变化（P＞0．05），两组之间比较，各对应时间点的PaCO2,HR,MAP,CVP也均无明显变化（P＞0．05），结论：氟碳部分液体通气是一种新的通气技术，它能明显改善蒸气入伤犬的氧合作用，对血液动力学参数无不良影响，两种剂量氟碳部分液体通气治疗蒸气吸入性损伤未呈现明显剂量一效应关系。     

经面罩机械通气治疗急性肺水肿的疗效观察

目的 研究经面罩机械通气(FMMV)对急性肺水肿的治疗效果。方法 34例肺水肿患者,分为对照组12例,采用常规治疗;治疗组22例,在常规治疗的基础上或常规治疗效果不佳的情况下给予FMMV,观察临床表现、胸部X线片和动脉血气的变化。结果 FMMV后30min内,91％的患者能较好耐受,所有患者呼吸困难皆明显改善,呼吸频率由(37±7)次/min降至(26±5)次/min(P<0.05),心率由(122±21)次/min降至(94±27)次/min(P<0.05),4例(18％)低血压患者血压迅速回升。77％的患者24h内咳嗽、咳痰和肺部湿啰音基本缓解。临床症状的总体好转速度治疗组明显高于对照组。吸氧流量相同的情况下,治疗组1h后PaO_2由(62±10)mm Hg升至(78±18)mm Hg(P<0.05),2～6h后升至(96±22)mm Hg(P<0.05),PaO_2升高的速度和幅度皆较对照组显著;脱机时,治疗组在吸空气条件下PaO_2维持在(79±8)mm Hg(P<0.05),PaCO_2和pH也逐渐恢复正常。95％的患者在24～48h内脱离呼吸机。结论 与常规治疗相比,FMMV可迅速改善心功能,并更快改善肺水肿和低氧血症。     

人参茎叶总皂甙对实验性小鼠生殖细胞遗传物质损伤的影响

本文采用小鼠精原细胞姐妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）实验方法，研究了人参茎叶总皂甙（ＧＮＳ）对丝裂霉素Ｃ（ＭＭＣ）引起的小鼠精原细胞遗传物质损伤的影响。结果表明，ＧＮＳ不能诱发小鼠精原细胞ＳＣＥ，而且在腹腔注射ＭＭＣ的同时给予ＧＮＳ，可使ＭＭＣ诱发的小鼠精原细胞ＳＣＥ频率明显降低。为此，我们认为ＧＮＳ对小鼠生殖细胞遗传物质具有保护作用。     

Plasma Ratios of Tryptophan and Tyrosine to Other Large Neutral Amino Acids in Manic-Depressive Patients

Abstract: The plasma ratio of each neutral amino acid (tryptophan (TRP), tyrosine (TYR), valine, isoleucine, leucine (LEU) or phenylalanine) to the sum of the other neutral amino acids was measured in 16 : manic and 14 : depressed patients. In the manics, there was a correlation between the psychomotor activity and the plasma TRP and LEU ratios. In the depressives, the depressed mood, retardation and global severity were correlated with the TRP ratio. The zotepine responders showed an increase in the TRP ratio after treatment. In the mianserin responders, the TYR ratio, which was high before the treatment, decreased to the normal range after the treatment. But, the plasma amino acid ratios remained unchanged in the patients treated with lithium carbonate or amitriptyhe. These results suggest that, in manic-depressive illness, there might be abnormalities in the metabolism of neutral amino acids, mainly of TRP and TYR, and that the plasma TRP and TYR ratios might be important indicators for determining the efflcacy of some drugs.     

Plasma volume estimation using indocyanine green with biexponential regression analysis of the decay curves

We studied seven analytical methods of estimating the plasma volume from the decay curves of indocyanine green. Fifteen volunteers received 1.0 mgkg⁻¹ of the dye by intravenous injection and the plasma concentration was measured continuously using spectrophotometry. Plasma volumes were calculated using three single-regression methods (1-a, 1-b, 1-c) and four biexponential regression methods (2-a, 2-b, 2-c, 2-d). The means (SD) of 1-a, 1-b and 1-c were 39 (5.0), 44 (5.7) and 54 (11.5) mlkg⁻¹, respectively, and these were significantly different from each other (p < 0.05). The values for methods 2-b, 2-c and 2-d were similar to each other: 39 (4.6), 40 (4.1) and 40 (4.0) mlkg⁻¹, respectively. These required more than 3 min circulation or mixing time. When the time allowed for mixing was less than 3 min (method 2-a) the plasma volume was underestimated. We conclude that plasma volume estimation using indocyanine green and spectrophotometry is most accurate when the mixing time is adequate (3–5 min) and the decay curves are analysed using biexponential regression.     

The spermatozoal volume as indicative of the plasma membrane integrity (modification of the hypoosmotic swelling test). I. Methods

Summary. The aim of the present study was to establish a more differentiating indicator of plasma membrane integrity of spermatozoa than the classic version of the hypoosmotic swelling test according to Jeyendraan. Spermatozoa were prepared by density gradient centrifugation (90% Percoll) to select 'fertilization competent' spermatozoa only. After a second washing procedure sufficiently pure sperm cell suspensions were obtained. The volume distributions of these sperm cells were measured with a Coulter Counter at 25 °C after adaptation in 300 mosmolar NaCl solution resp. 150 mosmolar NaCl solution for 5 min. These volume distributions showed significantly different patterns for the isotonic and hypotonic stress situation in the simple salt solution. Moreover, the comparison of the response to hypoosmotic stress showed more than four reproducible characteristic patterns, promising well differentiated results for different sperm populations. The new method for the detection of hypoosmotic swelling effect might be a real and valuable functional parameter.     

高频等离子体化学气相淀积法制备TiO2超细粒子

利用ＴｉＣｌ４＋Ｏ２体系，在高频等离子体化学气相淀积反应器中合成了纯度高、粒度细的ＴｉＯ２粒子。考察了工艺条件对ＴｉＯ２粒子物性的影响；探讨了ＴｉＯ２粒子晶型控制的方法，金红石型质量分数可通过工艺条件控制；探讨了ＴｉＯ２粒子晶型控制的方法。金红石型质量分数可通过工艺条件控制，减少ＴｉＯ２单体浓度可提高金红石型质量分数；也可通过在原料ＴｉＣｌ４中添加ＡｌＣｌ３等晶型转化剂，使可转化为单一金红石型Ｔｉ     

An Analysis of Chromosome on Sterility Caused by Azoospermia or Oligospermia

ＡｎＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅｏｎＳｔｅｒｉｌｉｔｙＣａｕｓｅｄｂｙＡｚｏｏｓｐｅｒｍｉａｏｒＯｌｉｇｏｓｐｅｒｍｉａ￥ＷｕＭｅｉｈｅｎｇ；ＴａｎｇＷｉｎｇｎｕｏ．（ＡＣＴＡＡＣＡＤＥＭＩＡＥＭＥＤＩＣＩＮＡＥＮＡＮＪＩＮＧ，１９９５（...