阿拉瑞林联合人绝经期促性腺激素治疗小卵泡排卵的疗效观察

目的探讨阿拉瑞林联合人绝经期促性腺激素（HMG）治疗小卵泡排卵的临床价值。方法将小卵泡排卵148例692个周期随机分成3组，A组：同时使用阿拉瑞林及HMGB组：单纯使用HMGC组：先用克罗米酚，后用HMG。观察比较3组的肌注人绒毛膜促激素性腺（HCG）日最大卵泡平均直径及直径≥14mm的卵泡个数、周期妊娠率、周期取消率、过早LH峰周期率、多胎率、OHSS周期发生率。结果HCG日最大卵泡平均直径（MFD）及直径≥14mm的卵泡个数A组显著高于B组（P〈0．05），A组妊娠率、多胎率、周期取消率以及OHSS周期发生率较B、C组显著增加而过早LH峰周期率显著下降（P〈0．05）。结论阿拉瑞林联合HMG治疗小卵泡排卵临床效果显著，可提高妊娠率，但周期取消率、OHSS发生率、多胎率亦相应增加，临床应用应权衡利弊。     

来曲唑与克罗米芬诱导排卵疗效比较

目的 观察来曲唑与克罗米芬诱导排卵的疗效。方法 将排卵障碍患者738例（2026周期）随机分成2组,每组分别应用来曲唑（2.5mg,1次/d,连用5d）或联合人绝经促性腺激素（HMG）、克罗米芬（50mg,1次/d,连用5d）或联合HMG,观察、比较2组的排卵率、妊娠率、流产率等。结果 取消周期率、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）肌肉注射日平均卵泡直径（MFD）≥15mm的卵泡个数、卵巢过度刺激综合征（OHSS）发生率2组相比差异无统计学意义。单用来曲唑或克罗米芬的优势卵泡出现率：对于非多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的排卵异常病例,来曲唑组优于克罗米芬组,而对于PCOS者,来曲唑组则低于克罗米芬组;对于未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征（LUFS）病例,排卵率：来曲唑组高于克罗米芬组;对于小卵泡排卵,肌肉注射HCG日最大卵泡MFD：来曲唑组小于克罗米芬组;妊娠率来曲唑组高于克罗米芬组,而HCG肌肉注射日子宫内膜厚度克罗米芬组薄于来曲唑组,肌肉注射HCG日子宫颈Insler评分克罗米芬组低于来曲唑组,早期流产率克罗米芬组高于来曲唑组;这些指标2组相比差异均有统计学意义。结论 来曲唑在诱导非多囊卵巢综合征患者出现优势卵泡、改善小卵泡排卵者的卵泡发育状况方面劣于克罗米芬,但排卵率、妊娠率优于克罗米芬,早期流产率低于克罗米芬。     

绒毛膜促性腺激素穴位注射促排卵效果观察

目的:在月经周期的第12~16天,采用不同剂量的绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)穴位注射,通过B超观察卵巢卵泡成熟及排卵情况。方法:以近2年因卵巢卵泡因素致不孕的患者作为观察组,以以往门诊不孕症患者的回顾性分析为随机组,观察组在患者月经周期第12~16天,分别用绒毛膜促性腺激素2 000、4 000、6 000、8 000、10 000 U,在两髂前上棘连线上、左右髂前上棘内旁开2 cm处穴位注射,B超下动态观察卵泡发育成熟及排卵情况。结果:观察组用1~6个疗程穴位注射治疗的卵巢卵泡因素所致的不孕症,治愈率达72.0%,而随机组只有29.7%,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:用不同剂量绒毛膜促性腺激素分别在穴位注射,比常用剂量和肌肉注射的促卵泡成熟和排卵效果显著,治愈率高。     

中重度卵巢过度刺激综合征46例临床分析

目的 探讨中、重度卵巢过度刺激综合征（OHSS）的诱因、临床表现和防治方法。方法 回顾分析46例中、重度OHSS病例资料。结果 OHSS大多发生在应用促排卵药物后6～16d,临床表现主要为腹胀、恶心、腹水、胸水、水肿、尿少、血液浓缩、低蛋白血症、水电解质及酸碱平衡失调和氮质血症。多囊卵巢综合征、年轻体瘦、应用绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）诱发排卵和支持黄体为发生OHSS的诱因。经住院监护、扩容、利尿、腹腔穿刺引流等治疗,治疗效果满意。结论 在超促排卵过程中,应注意预防OHSS的发生,对于中、重度OHSS患者应严密监护治疗。     

A randomized prospective study on the effect of short and long Buserelin treatment in women with repeated unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles due to inadequate ovarian response

Fifty four women with repeated unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles due to inadequate ovarian response to stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) participated in this study. They were randomized to receive either gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GNRHa), Buserelin, prior to and during induction of ovulation by hMG (Group I—long protocol), or GnRHa starting on the first day of the cycle together with induction of ovulation by hMG (Group II—short protocol). Mean follicular phase serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (P) levels were significantly lower in Group I than in Group II (P<0.01). Cancellation rate was significantly lower in Group I than in Group II (P<0.01). The long GNRHa protocol resulted in statistically significant lower cancellation rates, more oocytes per pickup (OPU), more embryos trans-ferred per patient, and a higher pregnancy rate. Significantly more hMG ampoules and more treatments days were required in the long GNRHa protocol. Our data demonstrate that the use of GNRHa prior to and during ovarian stimulation with hMG offers a very good alternative for patients with repetitive unsuccessful IVF cycles due to inadequate response.     

Response to repetitive cycles of ovulation induction in the same women

It has been theorized that the administration of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) in consecutive menstrual cycles will result in a poor follicular response in the second cycle. To examine this, 50 women undergoing ovulation induction in two consecutive cycles were assessed, using in each the same induction regimen during the initial 5 days. The remainder of each cycle was individualized according to their response. Nine women were anovulatory, 19 were oligoovulatory, and 22 ovulated regularly in unstimulated cycles. In repeat cycles only 3 of 50 had poor follicular development and did not receive human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG); all were anovulatory. Forty-two of 50 of the first cycles had continually rising estradiol (E₂), while 43 of 47 of the second cycles had rising E₂ patterns. Grouping the peak E₂ prior to hCG in the ranges <300, 300–699, 700–1099, and 1100 pg/ml, peaks in the second cycle were similar in 25 of 50, lower in 16, and higher in 9. Only 3 of 9 anovulatory women had similar peaks, as compared to 22 of 41 of the oligoovulatory and regularly ovulating women. Comparing the second to the first cycle, the day of hCG was within 1 day in 28 of 50 women, 2 or more days less than the first cycle in 6, and 2 or more days greater than the first cycle in 11. We conclude that in a successive cycle of ovulation induction (i) the follicular response is impaired in anovulatory women, but (ii) in oligoovulatory or regularly ovulating women, clinically significant differences in the estradiol response do not occur.     

Ovulation and ovarian cancer: a comparison of two methods for calculating lifetime ovulatory cycles (United States)

Objective: To compare two methods for calculating lifetime ovulatory cycles (LOC) to determine if more detailed menstrual cycle information results in stronger associations with ovarian cancer. Methods: Using data from 232 cases and 242 controls in a population-based study of ovarian cancer, we compared a standard method for calculating LOC with a second method that had more detailed information on menstrual characteristics. Odds ratios for ovarian cancer by number of LOC were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. Results: The average number of LOC was 29 fewer for the second method that had more detailed menstrual cycle information, as compared to the standard method (p < 0.0001). The difference was due primarily to the second method considering episodes of missed/irregular periods. Associations between LOC and ovarian cancer were weaker for the second method than the standard method. Further analyses suggested that a reduced number of ovulatory cycles due to menstrual irregularity was associated with increased ovarian cancer risk, in contrast to the protective effects observed for fewer ovulatory cycles due to pregnancy or oral contraceptive use. Conclusion: Obtaining additional details on menstrual factors that affect LOC, particularly missed or irregular cycles, provides important information on ovarian cancer risk. Our data suggest that episodes of anovulation due to menstrual disturbances should be evaluated separately from anovulation due to pregnancy or oral contraceptive use.     

尿促卵泡素诱发排卵的多中心随机对照试验

目的:验证国产尿促卵泡素(uFSH)对不孕症病人诱发排卵治疗的临床有效性与安全性。方法:对144例WHOⅡ类无排卵或黄体功能不全的不孕症病人进行多中心、随机、阳性对照研究。试验组使用国产uFSH,对照组使用进口uFSH,月经d 3～5始,每日肌内注射uFSH 75 IU,监测卵泡发育、宫颈黏液、有无排卵及妊娠,并观察不良反应。结果:试验组9对照组均入选72例,完成试验分别为66例和69例。试验组和对照组的有效率、排卵率、妊娠率、不良反应的发生率分别为96％(63／66)和99％(68／69),97％(61／63)和94％(64／68),14％(9／63)和15％(10／68),2％(1／68)和1％(1／70),2组比较无显著差异(P>0．05)。结论:国产uFSH用于不孕症病人诱发排卵是有效和安全的,效果与进口制剂相当。     

坤宝颗粒改善子宫内膜容受性的研究

目的观察坤宝颗粒改善子宫内膜容受性的疗效。方法210例患者随机分为2组,对照组根据患者的情况选用合适的促排卵药物,同时自月经第5天服用补佳乐,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用坤宝颗粒(本院自制),观察2组疗效。结果治疗组在HCG注射日子宫内膜显著增厚,Ⅰ型子宫内膜的比率及妊娠率明显高于对照组(P均<0.05),且子宫内膜螺旋动脉PI、RI与对照组相比有显著性差异(P均<0.05)。结论坤宝颗粒改善子宫内膜容受性的疗效显著。