Personal Social Network Factors Associated with Overdose Prevention Training Participation

We investigated social network factors associated with participation in overdose prevention training among injection drug users (IDUs). From 2008 to 2010, 106 IDUs who had witnessed an overdose in the past year from two syringe exchange programs in Los Angeles provided data on overdose prevention training status (trained vs. untrained), social networks, history of overdose, and demographics. In multivariate logistic regression, naming at least one network member who had been trained in overdose prevention was significantly associated with being trained (Adjusted Odds Ratio 3.25, 95% Confidence Interval 1.09, 9.68). Using social network approaches may help increase training participation. Limitations are noted.     

Pharmacotherapeutic options for complex regional pain syndrome

Introduction: Complex regional pain syndromes (CRPS) are rare painful conditions characterized by considerable variability in possible triggering factors, usually traumatic, and in the clinical scenario. The limited knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms has led to countless treatment attempts with multiple conservative and surgical options that act by different mechanisms of action.

Areas covered: In this narrative review, the authors discuss key points about CRPS definitions, diagnostic criteria and pitfalls, pathophysiological hypotheses, and treatment strategies with particular reference to pharmacotherapy. The article was based on a literature search using PubMed while the available guidelines for the management of CRPS were also examined.

Expert opinion: According to the quality of evidence, pharmacological interventions for CRPS seem to be more effective all the more so when they act on peripheral mechanisms, particularly on nociceptive pain, and when applied early in the disease, while reliable evidence about central mechanisms of chronic pain in CRPS is lacking. In our opinion, drug therapy should be preferred as early as possible, particularly in warm forms of CRPS to prevent significant functional limitation, psychological distress, and social and economic fallout.     

丙泊酚复合不同阿片类药物在老年人结肠镜检查中的镇静效果

目的 探讨丙泊酚复合不同阿片类药物应用于老年人结肠镜检查镇静的效果.方法 60例老年结肠镜受检者随机分为3组,均采用靶控输注方法给予丙泊酚,其中20例单次推注芬太尼(芬太尼组),靶控输注舒芬太尼(舒芬太尼组)、瑞芬太尼(瑞芬太尼组)各20例.记录患者血流动力学改变、镇静深度和不良事件.结果 3组受检患者一般情况、血流动力学改变、镇静深度和不良事件比较差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).检查后恢复时间芬太尼组[(21.3±4.6)min]长于舒芬太尼组[(19.9±3.3)min]和瑞芬太尼组[(15.9±1.8)min],且与瑞芬太尼组比较差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 丙泊酚复合3种阿片类药物均可安全有效地用于老年人结肠镜检查,但使用瑞芬太尼受检者恢复更为迅速.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of fentanyl, sufentanil or remifentanil combined with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol for sedation in the elderly undergoing colonoscopy. Methods In this prospective randomized study, 60 patients undergoing colonoscopy and propofol TCI were randomly assigned to group F (fentanyl), group S (sufentanil) and group R (remifentanil)(each n=20). Patients in group F received a single bolus of fentanyl, while those in group S and group R received TCI sufentanil and remifentanil separately. The blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen content and Bispectral index (BIS) were monitored, and all the complications were recorded. Results All patients were adequately sedated. There were no significant differences in general conditions, hemodynamics changes, sedation depth and adverse event among the three groups (all P＞0.05). Time for recovery was longer in group F [(21.3±4.6) min] than in group S [(19.9±3.3) min] and group R [(15.9±1.8) min, P＜0.05]. Conclusions For the elderly undergoing colonoscopy, sedation with fentanyl, sufentanil or remifentanil combined with propofol TCI is feasible and safe. It is more excellent for the remifentanil group at shorter discharge time.