银杏叶片对血管性痴呆患者血管内皮功能的影响

目的探讨银杏叶片对血管性痴呆患者血管内皮功能的影响。方法选择2018年12月～2019年11月在杭州市中医院诊断治疗的血管性痴呆患者60例为研究对象,随机分为观察组与对照组各30例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在此基础上加用银杏叶片治疗,比较两组治疗后的血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血清内皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)水平,比较两组治疗后MoCA、MMSE、Barthel评分及不良反应。结果 (1)两组VEGF水平、NO水平治疗后较治疗前升高,ET-1水平下降,差异有统计意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组VEGF、NO水平高于对照组,ET-1低于对照组,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。(2)治疗后两组MoCA较治疗前明显提高,差异有统计意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组MoCA高于对照组,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。(3)治疗后两组MMSE较治疗前提高,差异有统计意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组MMSE高于对照组,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。(4)治疗后两组较治疗前ADL提高,差异有统计意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组ADL高于对照组,差异有统计意义(P0.05)。(5)两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在常规治疗基础上加用银杏叶片治疗血管性痴呆,可改善血管内皮功能,改善认知功能,提高生活质量。     

银杏叶片治疗精神分裂症患者脂代谢紊乱的疗效

目的 探讨银杏叶片对服用奥氮平的精神分裂症患者脂代谢紊乱的影响。方法 选取住院的精神分裂症患者共80例,随机平均分为2组:单用组给予奥氮平(15±5)mg/d治疗,联合组给予奥氮平(15±5)mg/d+银杏叶片1.2 g/d治疗,共治疗8周。于治疗前及治疗第2、4、8周末分别对2组患者进行血脂监测。结果 与治疗前对比,单用组第4周和8周末甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)均显著升高(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)显著降低(P<0.05);与治疗前对比,联合组8周末LDL和HDL无明显变化(P>0.05),TG和TC显著升高(P<0.05),但是8周末时联合组TG和TC显著低于单用组(P<0.05)。结论 服用奥氮平的精神分裂症患者会存在不同程度血脂水平的改变,而加用银杏叶片后能改善奥氮平所致的血脂异常。     

Climbing fiber projections in relation to zebrin stripes in the ventral uvula in pigeons

The cerebellum consists of sagittally oriented zones that are delineated by afferent input, Purkinje cell response properties, and the expression of molecular markers such as zebrin II (ZII). ZII is heterogeneously expressed in Purkinje cells such that there are parasagittal stripes of high expression (ZII+) interdigitated with stripes of little or no expression (ZII?). In pigeons, folium IXcd consists of seven pairs of ZII+/? stripes denoted P1+/? (medial) to P7+/? (lateral). In the present study we examined the climbing fiber input to the medial half of folium IXcd, the ventral uvula, which spans the medial two stripe pairs (P1+/? to P2+/?). Purkinje cells in the ventral uvula respond to patterns of optic flow resulting from self‐motion through the environment along translational axes and their climbing fibers originate in the lateral half of the medial column in the inferior olive (mcIO). Using anterograde injections into this region of the mcIO, we found the following topographic relationship: climbing fibers from the caudal lateral mcIO were located in P1+ and medial P1? ZII stripes; climbing fibers from the rostral lateral mcIO were located in lateral P2+ and P2? ZII stripes, and climbing fibers from the middle lateral mcIO were located in lateral P1? and medial P2+ ZII stripes. These data complement our previous findings showing a topographic relationship between Purkinje cell responses to optic flow visual stimuli and ZII stripes. Taken together, we suggest that a ZII+/? stripe pair may represent a functional unit in the pigeon vestibulocerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3629–3643, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Morphology of the olivocerebellar projection of the chick: An axonal reconstruction study

The projection pattern of the olivocerebellar (OC) axons, which terminate mainly as climbing fibers (CFs) in the cerebellar cortex, tightly reflects the compartmental and developmental organization of the cerebellum as revealed by mapping and reconstruction studies in the rat. The avian cerebellum is well lobulated and longitudinally compartmentalized like the mammalian cerebellum. However, the projection pattern of the OC axons has not been studied in detail for most areas of the avian cerebellum. In the present study, we reconstructed labeled chick OC axons resulting from a small focal injection of biotinylated dextran amine into the inferior olive to investigate their morphological characteristics, and to determine their relationship to the general morphology of the chick cerebellum. Labeled CFs were distributed basically in a single longitudinally elongated narrow band‐shaped area in lobules I–VIII, but in multiple, transversely widened, band‐shaped areas in lobules IX–X. Three of the four reconstructed OC axons terminated in a single longitudinally band‐shaped area in lobules IXa–c, whereas the other one terminated in multiple mediolaterally separated areas in lobule IXc, which is part of the flocculus. Single OC axons branched into 14 CFs on average. Two CFs occasionally merged to form a single terminal arbor. Axons also had thin, non‐CF collaterals that projected either to a cerebellar nucleus or to the cortex. The results indicate that the morphological characteristics of OC axons, including branching and termination, are basically conserved between the chick and the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3321–3339, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

湖北省7台医用直线加速器调强放射治疗多叶光栅叶片到位精度验证方法研究

目的 用放射性免冲洗胶片测量调强放射治疗（IMRT）多叶光栅（MLC）叶片到位精确度验证方法研究,为IMRT质量控制提供参考依据。方法 选择湖北省7家三甲医院的7台不同型号医用直线加速器,放射治疗计划系统（TPS）计划5条宽度为0.6 cm条状的栅栏,每条状野之间的距离为3.0 cm。用EBT2免冲洗胶片测量5条状野位置、多叶光栅叶片位置偏差和实际宽度。结果 按国际原子能机构（IAEA）要求,胶片测量与TPS计划每条栅栏野多叶光栅条状位置结果应≤±0.5 mm。编号5和编号7的加速器MLC条状野位置偏差分别为0.7和-1.0 mm,不符合IAEA要求。按IAEA要求,胶片测量每对与每条所有多叶光栅叶片平均位置偏差应≤±0.5 mm。7台加速器MLC每对叶片位置偏差均在±0.5 mm内,符合IAEA要求;IAEA要求单对MLC叶片开野宽度与该机器5条条状野平均开野宽度的差值不超过±0.75 mm,7台加速器每对MLC开野宽度与平均值的差值范围为-0.6~0.5 mm,符合要求。所有叶片开野宽度标准偏差应≤0.3 mm,7台加速器标准偏差在0.1~0.2 mm范围内,符合要求。结论 用EBT2免冲洗胶片验证MLC位置精确度方法操作简单、检测精度高,是质量控制（QA）的重要手段之一,适合大范围核查使用。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化白簕叶总多酚的工艺优化

目的考察大孔吸附树脂对白簕叶总多酚的吸附性能和纯化效果,寻找白簕叶总多酚纯化的较优工艺。方法采用Folin-Ciocalteu比色法定量,比较5种不同型号大孔吸附树脂对药食同源植物白簕叶中总多酚的吸附和解吸效果,从中筛选出适合分离纯化白簕叶总多酚的树脂,并对其吸附和解吸条件进行考察和优化。经过单因素实验,确定最终优化工艺。结果所得优化工艺为以质量浓度为1.0 mg/m L,pH值为3.0左右的白簕叶总多酚粗提液作为上样液,同时控制其体积流量为2.0m L/min,上样量控制为30 mL;然后以体积分数50%的乙醇水溶液洗脱,调节pH值为6.0,并控制洗脱体积流量为2.0 mL/min,洗脱量为40 mL。经HPD100型树脂纯化后,白簕叶多酚样品质量分数由纯化前的11.7%上升为49.7%,纯化效果为4.25倍。通过将HPD100型树脂进行扩大30倍实验证实:白簕叶多酚样品质量分数由纯化前的12.5%上升为54.5%,纯化效果为4.4倍,纯化效率并不随大孔树脂数量改变而改变。结论 HPD100为纯化白簕叶总多酚的最佳树脂,该工艺适合白簕叶总多酚的提取纯化工业生产。     

菊茎叶提取物改善肠功能失调的代谢组学研究

目的整体评价菊茎叶水提取物(JST)和乙醇提取物(JCT)对肠功能失调的改善作用及其机制。方法应用脂多糖(LPS)制备兔肠功能失调模型,给予JST和JCT,应用1H-NMR技术研究兔粪便内源性代谢物变化规律。结果相比对照组,模型组乳酸盐、甲酸盐显著增加,丙酸盐、谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸盐、天冬氨酸等显著下降;JST和JCT均能够增加天冬氨酸、腺嘌呤、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸水平,同时降低甲酸盐水平。结论代谢通路分析表明JST和JCT通过调节LPS所致紊乱的苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成,丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸盐代谢,以及甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢,发挥改善肠道功能紊乱的作用。     

宁夏枸杞叶中的化学成分

目的研究中药宁夏枸杞叶中的化学成分。方法使用70%乙醇对宁夏枸杞叶进行提取,所得浸膏混悬后依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇进行萃取。分别取乙酸乙酯层和正丁醇层,使用硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、制备液相色谱及薄层色谱等色谱技术进行分离纯化,利用理化常数和核磁共振、质谱等波谱学技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从宁夏枸杞叶70%乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取层和正丁醇萃取层中分离鉴定了10个化合物,分别为对甲氧基苯甲酸(1),对甲氧基肉桂酸(2),东莨菪素(3),对羟基苯甲醛(4),对羟基苯乙酮(5),(Z)-2-亚乙基-3-甲基丁二酸(6),槲皮素(7),腺苷(8),东莨菪苷(9),芦丁(10)。结论化合物1,2,4,6,8为首次从枸杞属植物中分离得到,化合物3,5,9为首次从宁夏枸杞叶中分离得到。     

喀什小檗叶不同萃取部位舒张血管活性的筛选

目的研究喀什小檗叶不同萃取部位对大鼠离体胸主动脉环的舒张作用,筛选有效部位。方法采用离体血管灌流实验方法,观察0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1、5 mg/mL喀什小檗叶不同萃取部位(石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水)对去氧肾上腺素(PE)(1μmol/L)预收缩的内皮完整血管环和去内皮血管环张力的影响。内皮完整血管环经一氧化氮合酶抑制剂(L?NAME)预处理,以探讨喀什小檗叶乙酸乙酯部位舒张血管作用是否与NO释放有关。结果喀什小檗叶不同萃取部位中,乙酸乙酯部位对内皮完整和去内皮的离体血管环均有浓度依赖性地舒张作用(P<0.01),并且去内皮处理后,作用强度无明显差异(P>0.05)。经L?NAME预处理后,乙酸乙酯部位对内皮完整血管环的舒张作用不受抑制。结论喀什小檗叶不同萃取部位中乙酸乙酯部位具有舒张血管作用,其舒张血管作用是非内皮依赖性的,并且其作用机制与内源性NO释放无关。