The role of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease on the progression of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats

Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE) acts as a regulator of p53 or vice versa in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Since oxidative stress-induced apoptosis is suggested in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy, we proposed that APE may have a feasible role in the progression of diabetic complications. We investigated the interrelationship between APE and p53 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat kidneys. Variable parameters on kidneys were checked 12 weeks after streptozotocin administration with or without chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) treatment. Streptozotocin administration caused changes as seen in early diabetic nephropathy with increased kidney size, increased p53, decreased APE, and increased cleaved caspase-3. COS was not suspected as being detrimental to renal measurements, and caused the augmentation of APE after streptozotocin administration. The augmented APE, in association with increased p53, suppressed cleaved caspase-3. 8-OHdG was mainly immunolocalized in the distal tubules, but also in the proximal tubules after streptozotocin administration without COS treatment, while APE was observed in proximal tubules in all groups. These results suggested that p53-dependent apoptosis resulting in suppressed APE might be an underlying mechanism of streptozotocin-induced nephropathy.     

两种不同相对分子质量的壳寡糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的研究两种不同相对分子质量的壳寡糖(chitosan oligosaccharide,COS)对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法小鼠腹腔注射壳寡糖S-COS(平均相对分子质量800),壳寡糖B-COS(平均相对分子质量1700),硫酸岩藻糖(Fucoidan)120mg.kg-1,每日1次,连续14d,第10天注射5%牛血清白蛋白(bovine serum albumin,BSA)200μL/只进行免疫。于第15天检测脾指数,血清中细胞因子(IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-γ)含量,脾中淋巴细胞增殖,以及脾中CD4+T细胞增殖。结果 S-COS和B-COS都能够促进CD4+T细胞增殖,另外,B-COS还能增加脾指数,促进细胞因子IL-10和TNF-α分泌,以及脾中淋巴细胞增殖,而S-COS和硫酸岩藻糖则不能。结论 B-COS对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用优于S-COS。     

Classification and regulatory perspectives of dietary fiber

This review discusses the history and evolution of the state of dietary fiber (DF) with account of refinements in extraction methods and legal definitions subsequent to the launch of DF hypothesis. For a long time, defining and regulating DFs relied heavily on their chemical compositions and analytical methods. Although chemical compositions and analytical methods still play an important role in the definition of DF, physiological activity has also been taken into consideration. The precise definition of DF is still evolving, particularly whether oligosaccharides degrees of polymerization (DP) 3–9 should be considered as DF or not. Decades of scientific research have initiated the expansion of the term DF to include indigestible oligosaccharides with their DP between 3 and 9; hence responding to the positive health benefits of DF as well as fulfilling the needs in food labeling regulations.     

载羟基喜树碱纳米粒的制备和体外评价

目的:制备壳寡糖接枝布洛芬(COS-g-IBU)纳米粒负载羟基喜树碱(HCPT)纳米粒,并考察其体外释药性能。方法:以1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)为偶联剂,制备壳寡糖接枝布洛芬纳米粒(COS-g-IBU NPs)。以COS-g-IBU NPs为载体,使用超声振荡技术制备负载HCPT的壳寡糖接枝布洛芬纳米粒(HCPT-COS-g-IBU NPs)。结果:透射电镜照片显示COS-g-IBU NPs和HCPT-COS-g-IBU NPs为球形,平均粒径分别为(116±2)nm和(146±5)nm,测得药物包封率为(79.24±1.18)%,载药量为(3.62±0.05)%,体外药物释放试验表明HCPT-COS-g-IBU NPs具有明显的缓释作用。结论:COS-g-IBU可作为HCPT缓释载体材料。     

硫酸寡糖复合物对人结肠癌SW620细胞迁移与侵袭能力的影响

目的 探讨硫酸寡糖复合物(PI-88)对结肠癌SW620细胞迁移与侵袭的影响及机制。方法 培养人结肠癌SW620细胞,分为对照组、溶媒组和药物组;对照组细胞不做任何处理,药物组细胞给予5 μL的0.5 mol/L的PI-88,溶媒组给予细胞5 μL的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)。各组细胞处理后继续培养24 h,采用划痕实验检测结肠癌SW620细胞迁移距离;Transwell小室检测结肠癌SW620细胞迁移数量与侵袭数量;Western blot检测结肠癌SW620细胞中乙酰肝素酶(HPA)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)蛋白的表达。结果 划痕实验结果显示,药物组SW620细胞迁移距离(35.49±6.89)μm小于对照组(216.75±21.43)μm、溶媒组(227.52±17.72)μm,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。Transwell小室细胞迁移、侵袭实验结果显示,药物组SW620细胞迁移数目(226±37)个和侵袭数目(89±11)个均少于对照组(875±93、321±28)个和溶媒组(843±116、331±43)个,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。Western blot实验结果显示,药物组PHA、VEGF、bFGF蛋白相对表达量均明显低于对照组和溶媒组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05)。结论 PI-88具有抑制结肠癌SW620细胞迁移与侵袭的作用,其作用机制可能与PI-88抑制结肠癌SW620细胞HPA、VEGF、bFGF蛋白的表达有关。     

葛根素-壳寡糖共无定型制备与体外溶出度评价

目的 提高葛根素的生物利用度.方法 采用低温研磨法制备葛根素-壳寡糖共无定型(PUE-COS CM),采用差示扫描量热法、X射线粉末衍射法、傅里叶红外光谱法、扫描电镜法对PUE-COS CM进行固态表征分析;评价PUE-COS CM在漏槽和非漏槽2种条件下的体外溶出行为,并考察其稳定性.结果 差示扫描量热法证实,PUE...     

Prebiotics in infant formula

The gastrointestinal microbiota of breast-fed babies differ from classic standard formula fed infants. While mother''s milk is rich in prebiotic oligosaccharides and contains small amounts of probiotics, standard infant formula doesn’t. Different prebiotic oligosaccharides are added to infant formula: galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharide, polydextrose, and mixtures of these. There is evidence that addition of prebiotics in infant formula alters the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota resembling that of breastfed infants. They are added to infant formula because of their presence in breast milk. Infants on these supplemented formula have a lower stool pH, a better stool consistency and frequency and a higher concentration of bifidobacteria in their intestine compared to infants on a non-supplemented standard formula. Since most studies suggest a trend for beneficial clinical effects, and since these ingredients are very safe, prebiotics bring infant formula one step closer to breastmilk, the golden standard. However, despite the fact that adverse events are rare, the evidence on prebiotics of a significant health benefit throughout the alteration of the gut microbiota is limited.     

玉米低聚糖对双歧杆菌促增殖效果的实验研究

应用厌氧培养比浊法和平板计数法，对玉米低聚精分别进行体外促双歧杆菌增殖效果的测定及灌喂小鼠后检测粪便中双歧杆菌的实验观察。结果表明：在蛋白胨葡萄糖酵母液（ＰＹＧ）中加入玉米低聚糖后，双歧杆菌数明显增加，与对照组相比有高度显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０００），再以相当于人体１０倍量、２０倍量和３０倍量浓度的玉米低聚糖喂养小鼠４５ｄ后检测每克粪便中双歧杆菌数，结果除高浓度组外，其余两个组的双歧杆数菌均比喂糖前及对照组增加了１０倍。     

Clinical and biochemical analysis of two families with type I and type II mannosidosis

We report on two unrelated patients with different presentations of mannosidosis. One patient was affected in early childhood with a severe phenotype characteristic of type I mannosidosis. The other was diagnosed with type II mannosidosis only after the onset of progressive neurologic deterioration in late adulthood. Both were detected by non-invasive urinary screening of oligosaccharides. Lymphoblasts transformed from both patients' blood cells had markedly reduced lysosomal α-mannosidase activity. Kinetic analyses showed that α-mannosidase from the type I patient had a 400-fold reduction in affinity while that from the type II patient was reduced 40-fold. Lymphoblasts from all 4 parents had reduced α-mannosidase activity, but there were overlapping activities among these type I and type II obligate heterozygotes. We conclude that screening urinary oligosaccharides will detect mannosidosis over a wide range of phenotypes, that lymphoblasts transformed from affected heterozygotes have decreased enzymatic activity, and that the severity of clinical expression is related to the degree of enzyme impairment. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Two cases of Winchester syndrome: with increased urinary oligosaccharide excretion

We present our findings in two unrelated patients with the characteristic clinical and radiological features of the Winchester syndrome. The histological findings in gum and skin biopsies taken from one of the subjects, indicated excessive collagen turnover (active phagocytosis, an active endoplasmic reticulum, and an abundance of fibrillogranular material of probable collagen origin). An abnormal oligosaccharide was detected in urine from both patients which was identified as a trisaccharide containing one fucose and two galactose residues. The finding of this oligosaccharide may prove a useful marker in other cases of this rare syndrome and may help elucidate the underlying biochemical defect.