Signs of ocular disease: A prevalence study in optometric practice

Data on the prevalence of all ocular conditions seen in 1500 consecutive optometric patients were obtained during an investigation into the effectiveness of routine visual field screening. In many instances, these are the first prevalence figures for optometric patient populations. Some of the estimates of prevalence are compared with other optometric and general population surveys. Many disorders were observed, the most frequent being slight to moderate increases in retinal arterial reflex and attenuation, optic cup/disc ratio of 0.4, shallow anterior chambers and family history of glaucoma. The occurrence of some conditions was sporadic, resulting from the relatively small sample. However, this survey may serve as an audit of ocular disease detection for other practitioners.     

The prevalence and expression of diabetes in a sample of optometric patients

The clinical characteristics of 100 consecutively presenting diabetic patients of an optometrist were investigated. This sample was drawn from 3798 patient first visits and represented 2.6% of the practice population sample. Diabetic retinopathy was present in 26% of the diabetic patients; this prevalence is similar to that found in diabetics examined in community based surveys. The ocular complications of diabetics observed in this study appeared to be similar to those of diabetics in the general community. The mean random blood glucose levels of the diabetics having retinopathy was not significantly different from those not having retinopathy. A first degree family history of diabetes was admitted by 46% of the diabetic subjects and was the most common associated clinical feature surveyed; a control group of non-diabetic subjects had a first degree family history of diabetes in 10% of cases. In seven patients, the diabetes was diagnosed as a result of signs detected at the optometric examination; these signs are listed. No newly diagnosed diabetic had diabetic retinopathy as a presenting sign. Ocular and systemic signs, other than diabetic retinopathy, were sought and a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease was detected in these diabetic patients. The vision of the diabetic patients was compared to that of 100 randomly selected age and sex matched controls; there was no significant difference in the visual acuity of the two groups. The implications of this finding are discussed. Guidelines for the detection and management of diabetic patients of optometrists are suggested.     

儿童眼部耻阴虱寄生——附3例临床分析

目的：了解儿童眼部耻阴虱寄生的临床表现和传播途径。方法：观察了3例眼部耻阴虱寄生儿童的眼部表现和寄生虫学特征，分析探讨该病的诊断和治疗方法，并做献复习。结果：临床上儿童眼部有耻阴虱飞舞，睑缘有虫卵附着，可通过剪除睫毛、清洁睑缘结膜囊而治愈。结论：耻阴虱可寄生于儿童眼部，儿童应注意个人卫生，防止耻阴虱传播。     

正常视力青年325屈光与眼位的分析

调查16-18岁视力正常男性325人650眼的屈光状态，眼位以及它们之间的关系。结果显示，远视者为504眼（77.54%),近视者66眼(10.15%),混合散光者2眼(0.31%).正视者78眼(12.00%),325人中,内隐斜(包括兼上隐斜)者为126人(38 77%）,上隐斜者13人（4.00%)，正位者14人（4.31%)；经用行x列表的x^2检验法分析，屈光不正的类型与斜视的种类之间没有显著联系。     

激光照射家兔眼前部组织的实验研究

用YAG、CO_2激光按不同功率照射家兔眼,观察对角膜、虹膜、晶状体的损伤和修复过程,探索两种激光对角膜的最小损伤和使其穿孔的有效功率。结果发现:YAG激光用230～250mW(1～2秒)时,可使角膜上皮呈灰白色混浊,1～2W(5～6秒)时角膜穿孔;CO_2激光用340～380mW(0.2～2秒)时,同样使角膜上皮灰白色混浊,1.3～1.4W(1秒)时角膜穿孔,在功率、照射时间、光斑相同的条件下,CO_2激光对角膜损伤重,YAG激光则对虹膜、晶状体损伤重。     

Endophthalmitis at the Bristol Eye Hospital: an 11-year review of 47 patients

We reviewed data from 47 patients who were treated for endophthalmitis at our hospital during the 11-year period 1980-90. The most common clinical features were hypopyon (75%), diminished vision (72%), ocular pain (68%), discharge (57%), corneal oedema (51%), conjunctival injection (49%), abnormal red reflex (34%), corneal ulcer (32%) and corneal perforation (6%). A total of 54 isolates were obtained from 41 (87%) of the 47 patients. Gram-positive bacteria were more common (72%), than Gram-negative organisms (22%). Two cases were due to fungi, and herpes simplex virus was isolated from one case. The two most common Gram-positive organisms were coagulase-negative staphylococci (25%), and Staphylococcus aureus (11%), while Pseudomonas aeruginosa predominated among the Gram-negative bacteria isolated (15%). Mixed bacterial species were obtained from 29% of the infected patients, including one from whom Vibrio fluvialis was isolated. Predisposing factors included ocular surgery (60%)--mostly for cataract extraction (47%), penetrating trauma (15%) and periocular (15%) or systemic (11%) infections. All patients received antibiotics (generally chloramphenicol and/or a beta-lactamase-stable penicillin plus an aminoglycoside) prior to culture, when treatment was adjusted according to specific aetiological agents. Seventy-nine per cent of patients received topical or systemic steroids. Vitrectomy (diagnostic and therapeutic) was performed on 21% of patients. Sixty-three per cent of culture-positive patients lost vision (no perception of light) in the affected eye, compared to 17% of culture-negative cases (P < 0.05 Fisher exact test). Similarly, a better visual outcome (acuity of 6/12 or better) was associated with coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection than with streptococcal or fungal infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

派立明与贝特舒联合应用对降眼压的临床观察

目的评价1.00%派立明(AZOPT)与0.25%贝特舒点眼液每日两次点眼对原发性开角型青光眼、高眼压症及抗青光眼术后高眼压的降眼压效果及安全性。方法31例患者51只眼纳入为期2个月的前瞻性研究。在停用其他抗青光眼药物足够长的时间后测量基础值,用药后每2周复查一次共4次,同时观察眼局部及全身副作用。结果用药前眼压为23.85±1.80 mmHg,4次随访眼压下降均值6.55 mmHg(6.06～7.04),眼压下降率27.50%(26.62～28.59%)。少数病例出现烧灼感、视物模糊、口苦等症状,均为轻度能耐受,对视力、眼底无影响。结论派立明与贝特舒联合用药具有稳定的降眼压效果,具良好耐受性。     

高度近视LASIK治疗中角膜瓣厚度的探讨

目的:探讨高度近视LASIK治疗中角膜瓣厚度问题。方法:142例(283眼)屈光度-9.00～-12.00 D的近视患者用日本NIDEK MK-2000全自动微型板层角膜切割刀切开角膜瓣,厚度71～184μm,激光切削方式一致。将角膜瓣厚度≤110μm分为Ⅰ组,72例(144眼);角膜瓣厚度>110μm分为Ⅱ组,70例(139眼)。对术前、术后屈光度、视力以 及剩余角膜基质床厚度进行比较。结果:术前平均角膜厚度:Ⅰ组为(531.76±30.28)μm(469～575μm),Ⅱ组为(550.66±24.45)μm(506～584μm),两者有明显差异(P<0.05)。术后剩余角膜基质床厚度:Ⅰ组为(333.01±3.30)μm(273～452μm),Ⅱ组为(309.71±31.41)μm(254～368μm),两者有明显差异(P<0.05)。术前屈光度两组分别为(-10.61±1.01)D及(-10.13±0.73)D,两组间无明显差异(P>0.05),术后7 d时分别为(+1.05±1.38)D及(+1.32±1.70)D,两组间也无明显差异(P>0.05),而术后3m Ⅰ组为(-0.13±0.94)D,Ⅱ组为(-1.06±0.96)D,两组有明显的差异(P<0.01)。术前、术后不论UCVA还是BCVA,两组无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:治疗高度近视时70～110μm的角膜瓣的制作是合理的,并不影响术后视力,对防止术后屈光回退是有效的,对一个有经验的医生来说是可以很好完成的。     

OODG-Ulrich and OPG-Gee: a comparative study

For an adequate assessment of both the ophthalmological and the neurological consequences of carotid obstruction measurement of the blood pressure in the carotid flow area is essential.To this end there are two objective, registrating methods available at the moment: OPG-Gee and OODG-Ulrich. A comparative study was made into the basic principles, calibration curves and application methods of these systems. By both methods the systolic retinal - and ciliary - as well as the diastolic ocular blood pressure can be measured. OODG is more exact for the differentiation and measurement of the two systolic blood pressures. OPG-Gee, however, offers the unique additional possibility of a judgement on the systolic blood pressure in the carotid siphon without, however, taking into acount a (difference in) pre-existing intraocular pressure. Our own investigation shows that in order to obtain a correct assessment of the carotico-brachial relation both blood pressures should be measured simultaneously. The results of the graphic analysis of the curves are compared to those by Ulrich. For the diagnosis of carotid obstructions this analysis of the shape had no advantages over the determination of the pressure values.Finally, a survey is given of possible applications of OPG and OODG in various other syndromes.