实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎巨噬细胞活性MR成像的研究进展

MR成像是监测多发性硬化(MS)病情及其演变、评价疗效的重要手段,实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)是公认的研究人类多发性硬化的动物模型。常规MR扫描仅能分析MS和EAE炎症反应的继发性改变。巨噬细胞是MS和EAE炎症反应中重要的效应细胞,超微超顺磁性氧化铁(USPIO)粒子能被巨噬细胞摄取,MR成像能显示MS和EAE病灶内吞噬了USPIO的巨噬细胞,分析其炎症反应自身的信息,是动态观察巨噬细胞浸润过程、进一步探索MS免疫病理机制的有效手段。本文综述超微超顺磁性对比剂的特性及其MR成像在EAE和MS病理机制方面的研究进展,评价其发展前景。     

胆道消融剂在选择性胆道消融栓塞中的选用

目的 观察不同胆道消融剂选择性胆道消融栓寒对肝脏结构和功能的影响。方法无水乙醇、醋酸、盐酸、氧氧化钠分别消融姐道，OB胶栓塞巴马小型猪左外叶胆管，观察术后肝功及病理变化。结果术后各组肝功能各项指标除白蛋白外．均出现一过性增高，术后两周内恢复正常。尤水乙醇肝功变化没有其他组显著。其它各组坏死范围较无水乙醇大。其中氢氧化钠出现急性肝坏死，醋酸坏死范围大于左外叶。光镜下左外叶汇管区纤维明显增生，肝细胞数目减少。假小叶形成。Masson染色提示胶原纤维显著增生。结论无水乙醇与OB胶联合使用．行选择性胆道消融栓塞能使消融栓塞胆道引流区域肝组织萎缩纤维化，肝内假小叶形成。而且对机体影响最小，是目前安全的胆道消融剂。     

Estimation of average flow in ungated 3D phase contrast angiograms

Three dimensional (3D) phase contrast angiograms contain velocity data, which is discarded after the reconstruction of the projections. In extension to earlier work on velocity quantification with ungated 2D phase data, this paper shows that a useful estimate of the average velocity and flow rate can be extracted from ungated 3D phase contrast angiograms. Simulations and experiments in a phantom and in vivo were performed. For pulsatile flow and strong spin saturation, an over-estimation of the flow rate at the net in-flow end of the imaging volume and underestimation at the net out-flow end was observed. Imaging at lower RF tip angles yielded flow rates close to the correct value within the entire imaging volume. In contrast to ungated 2D experiments, the flow rates determined by repeated 3D experiments showed no variation.     

Development of neurochemical separation of ON and OFF channels at retinal ganglion cells

Anatomical and physiological segregation of neurons into ON (brightening detector) and OFF (darkening detector) channels in the retina and subsequent visual system ensure the high sensitivity required for contrast detection and spatial discrimination. This segregation is finest at the visual axis. Neurochemically, ON and OFF ganglion cells at the visual axis seem to be distinguished by different inhibitory transmitters but not excitatory transmitters. Microiontophoretic studies of inhibitory transmitters on the retinal ganglion cells in kittens and adult cats suggest that this neurochemical distinction is poor in immature ganglion cells at the visual axis. Initially both ON and OFF cells seem to be supplied by GABAergic, glycinergic, and catecholaminergic amacrine cells, but in adults, ON cells remain supplied only by GABAergic amacrines, while OFF cells are supplied by glycinergic amacrines. Postnatal elimination of multiple inputs and strengthening of the appropriate inputs, as seen in the central nervous system, also seem to occur at the retinal neurotransmitter synapses during development.     

实验猪小肠移植后急性排异反应的形态计量学研究

本文以猪小肠移植为模型，应用图像分析仪显微形态测量观察测量了移植前后肠粘膜结构。定量评价小肠急性排异反应的形态变化，评价免疫抑制剂对急排的作用。结果显示：小肠急排发生在术后５天，排异反应中肠粘膜形态、炎症程度及类型均有显著变化。免疫抑制剂可显著减轻急排，但不能防止排异反应的发生。形态计量检测结果可作为排异反应的早期指标，并可动态地监测排异反应的发展，指导免疫抑制剂的应用。     

芳香PET树脂母粒的研制

通过丙烯酸和丙烯酸正丁酯溶液共聚合，得到丙烯酸－丙烯酸正丁酯共聚物，该树脂与环氧氯丙烷反应后再与PET树脂切片继续反应，可使PET树脂切片表面形成聚丙烯酸酯自膨润型吸油网络结构，将表面具有聚丙烯酸酯自身膨润型吸油网络结构的PET树脂切片（简称为留香剂）在油溶性香精中浸泡，香精就被吸附在留香剂表面，即得到芳香PET树脂母粒。用SEM观察了母粒的表面结构形态。     

心包疾病的CT诊断

对６１例心包疾病的ＣＴ表现进行了分析。少量心包积液主要聚集在前、左象限，中、大量积液则主要向左或左后象限扩展。根据积液厚度及分布象限可作积液量的评估。缩窄性心包炎ＣＴ均显壁层心包增厚，以心包腹侧面增厚为主，部分病人伴有心包钙化、房室扩大及腔静脉扩张。心包肿瘤侵犯或转移表现为心包不规则增厚或呈结节状改变。     

Clinical office anesthesia: The use of propofol for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia

Ambulatory surgery has become routine for many plastic surgery procedures. Anesthesia techniques including general anesthesia by inhalation and intravenous infusion and the dissociative technique have all been used successfully for outpatient anesthesia. Propofol (Diprivan), a relatively new agent, has proven to be a safe and effective general anesthesia agent for outpatient surgery. We report on our experience with propofol as an induction agent and continuous drip for general anesthesia maintenance in 100 consecutive outpatient, plastic surgery procedures performed in an office facility. Assessment factors were recovery-room time, nausea and vomiting in the recovery room and at home, hallucinations, patients' recollection of anesthesia experience, and overall patient satisfaction.     

隐原性癫痫的病因学研究

采用现代影像学、电生理学、神经化学和免疫学技术等综合方法,对353例隐原性癫痫的病因进行了研究.研究结果,120例行颅脑CT检查,发现可导致癫痫发作的各种器质性病变35例,占29.17%.81例行体感诱发电位(SEP)与听觉诱发电位(AEP)检查,发现SEP和AEP异常分别为27例,占33.33%.分别对24例行脑脊液3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙二醇(MHBG)、5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)和高香草酸(HVA)高效液相色谱分析,发现MHBG、5-HIAA和HVA三项指标都有显著改变.100例行血清免疫球蛋白、补体C_3、E玫瑰花环形成率和淋巴细胞转化率检查,结果均有明显改变.脑组织的器质性病变提示隐原性癫痫有其发病的组织学基础.脑诱发电位异常提示脑生物电活动的功能改变,它可由CT所见或难以分辨的脑组织病变所致,也可由局部脑组织代谢障碍所致.MHBG、5-HIAA和HVA的改变提示该病的发作与脑内单胺类神经递质有关.补体C_3的升高,提示该病的发作与补体介导的免疫反应有关.     

CT造影剂碘海醇注射液的制备及动物实验

本文报道了非离子型Ｘ－ＣＴ造影剂碘海醇注射液的制备及动物实验结果。磺海醇的最大吸收波长λ＿（ｍａｘ）为２４４ｎｍ。讨论了温度、浓度对磺海醇溶液粘度的影响：粘度随温度的升高而下降，呈负线型相关；粘度随浓度（Ｃ）升高而激剧升高，与浓度的四次方呈线性相关：Ｖ＿（３７℃）＝４７２．５８９［Ｃ］￣４＋１．１２１（ｒ＝０．９９７７）Ｖ＿（３０℃）＝６６３．８１３［Ｃ］￣４＋１．１５２（ｒ＝０．９９９６）Ｖ＿（２０℃）＝１０８２．９５３［Ｃ］￣４＋１．４３３（ｒ＝０．９９８２）使用该注射液进行狗的造影实验，获得了清晰的造影图像。