Effects of irradiation on nasal mucociliary clearance in head and neck cancer patients

A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on fifty patients of histopathologically confirmed head and neck cancer with the main aim to assess the nasal mucociliary clearance, pre-and post-irradiation; and to compare the findings with the healthy non-irradiated age and sex-matched controls. All the patients underwent saccharin particle test for nasal mucociliary clearance before commencement of radiation therapy and again within 6 months of completion of radiation therapy. The difference between the saccharin perception times of nasal mucosa in the healthy non-irradiated controls and the pre-irradiated head and neck cancer patients were statistically inssignificant (P>0.05). But, the difference between the saccharin perception times of nasal mucosa in the pre-and post-irradiated head and neck cancer patients was found to be statistically significant (P=0). It is concluded that even indirect irradiation of nasal mucosa in head and neck cancer patients significantly affect its ciliary activity. Significance of total radiation dosage along with chemotherapy in some cases was also studied.     

谷氨酰胺和表皮生长因子对新生鼠坏死性小肠结肠炎的影响

目的探讨谷氨酰胺(Gln)和表皮生长因子(EGF)对新生鼠坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)肠黏膜修复的影响。方法新生1日龄Wistar大鼠40只随机分为4组,A组(正常对照组),B组(NEC模型组),C组(NEC Gln),D组(NEC EGF Gln)。建立NEC模型,4 d后分别取近回盲段2~3 cm肠道组织固定、包埋、切片。HE染色光镜下作病理学检查,应用免疫组织化学技术检测肠黏膜增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达,TUNEL法检测肠黏膜细胞凋亡。结果B组HE染色切片见肠黏膜损伤,病理评分的中位积分为3分;C、D组损伤程度较轻,病理评分的中位积分为1分。B组PCNA阳性细胞数低于A组(P<0.01);C、D组PCNA阳性细胞数高于B组(P<0.01);且D组PCNA阳性细胞数高于C组(P<0.05)。B组肠黏膜细胞凋亡数高于A组(P<0.01);C、D组肠黏膜细胞凋亡数低于B组(P<0.01);且D组肠黏膜细胞凋亡数低于C组(P<0.05)。结论NEC新生鼠肠黏膜受损,增殖减慢,细胞凋亡数增加;补充Gln和EGF可促进NEC新生鼠肠黏膜隐窝细胞的增殖,减少肠黏膜细胞的凋亡,加快肠黏膜修复。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎内镜手术前后OMC区分泌腺的观察研究

目的:观察慢性鼻窦炎(CS)鼻内镜鼻窦手术前后鼻黏膜黏液纤毛清除系统的分泌腺结构和功能变化。方法:对20例慢性鼻窦炎术前及术后4个月窦口鼻道复合体(OMC)区鼻黏膜进行AB-PAS染色,光镜下观察,并与健康组(对照组10例)进行对照。结果:鼻窦炎术前组黏膜怀状细胞及黏膜下腺体有显著性增加(P<0.01),型鼻窦炎患者病理性腺体的增生尤为明显。内镜术后4个月鼻黏膜杯状细胞可恢复至正常水平,与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),而黏膜下腺体未能恢复正常。结论:鼻黏膜杯状细胞及黏膜下腺体的增生是黏液纤毛清除功能障碍的原因之一,尤其是病理性腺体的增生。内镜术后4个月鼻黏膜上皮化,但黏液纤毛清除系统的恢复需要更长时间。术后随访时间应超过4个月,以防复发。     

Propylene oxide in blood and soluble nonprotein thiols in nasal mucosa and other tissues of male Fischer 344/N rats exposed to propylene oxide vapors--relevance of glutathione depletion for propylene oxide-induced rat nasal tumors.

High concentrations of propylene oxide (PO) induced inflammation in the respiratory nasal mucosa (RNM) of rodents. Concentrations > or =300 ppm caused nasal tumors. In order to investigate if glutathione depletion could be relevant for these effects, we determined in PO exposed male Fischer 344/N rats PO in blood and soluble nonprotein SH-groups (NPSH) in RNM and other tissues. Rats were exposed once (6 h) to PO concentrations between 0 and 750 ppm, and repeatedly for up to 20 days (6 h, 5 days/week) to concentrations between 0 and 500 ppm. At the end of the exposures, PO in blood and NPSH in tissues were determined. PO in blood was dependent on concentration and duration of exposure. After the 1-day exposures, NPSH depletion was most distinctive (RNM > liver > lung). Compared to controls, NPSH levels were 43% at 50 ppm PO in RNM and 16% at > or =300 ppm in both RNM and liver. Lung NPSH fell linearly to 20% at 750 ppm. After repeated exposures over 3 and 20 days to 5, 25, 50, 300, and 500 ppm, NPSH losses were less pronounced. At both time points, NPSH were 90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, and 30% of the control values in RNM. Liver NPSH decreased to 80% and 50% at 300 and 500 ppm, respectively. After 20 days, lung NPSH declined to 70% (300 ppm) and 50% (500 ppm). We conclude that continuous, severe perturbation of GSH in RNM following repeated high PO exposures may lead to inflammatory lesions and cell proliferation, critical steps on the path towards tumorigenicity.     

改良腭黏膜瓣整复软腭裂的临床观察

目的:探讨整复软腭裂的新术式,重建腭咽闭合的效果。方法:采用腭黏膜瓣后推术对25例软腭裂患者进行整复治疗,并对其进行随访,以了解术后腭咽闭合的情况。结果:所有患者术后腭部创口愈合良好,瘢痕不明显,软腭的活动度良好,且均有良好的腭咽闭合功能。结论:对先天性软腭裂的患者实施该术式整复,能较好地恢复腭咽闭合功能,是较为理想的手术整复方法之一。     

肝硬化患者胃黏膜ghrelin表达及其临床意义

研究肝硬化患者胃黏膜ghrelin表达及其意义.选择肝硬化患者36例和内镜下胃黏膜大致正常者15例为对照组,测定肱三头肌皮褶厚度(triceps skinfold thickness,TSF)、血糖、胰岛素,进行食欲评价.肝硬化组胃黏膜表达ghrelin阳性细胞面积显著高于对照组(P＜0.001),且随着Child-Pugh分级增高有递增趋势.肝硬化组空腹血糖、胰岛素均显著高于对照组(P＜0.001,P＜0.05);胰岛素敏感指数(insulin sensitivity index,ISI)显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).肝硬化组ghrelin阳性细胞面积与食欲(r=-0.432)、TSF(r=-0.525)、ISI(r=-0.509)呈负相关(P＜0.05),与血糖(r=0.449)呈正相关(P＜0.05).肝硬化时ghrelin表达增高是机体对能量负平衡状态的一种适应性反应.胃黏膜ghrelin高表达可能参与了肝硬化患者的胰岛素抵抗作用.     

舌黏膜尿道成形治疗尿道狭窄的初步报告

目的:探讨舌黏膜补片法尿道成形治疗尿道狭窄的疗效。方法:采用舌黏膜尿道成形治疗尿道狭窄14例。尿道狭窄段3.5~14cm,平均6.2cm;术前耻骨上膀胱造瘘8例,余6例排尿均较为困难,最大尿流率2.5~5.5ml/s,平均3.8ml/s。结果:术后随访2~8个月,1例因伤口感染致尿道皮肤瘘,余患者均排尿通畅,最大尿流率增至22~51ml/s,平均29.6ml/s。结论:舌黏膜具有取材方便、对患者创伤小、抗感染力强等特点,是一种较好的尿道替代物,尤其适合尿道狭窄段<6cm的患者。     

不同抗酸药防治非甾体类抗炎药胃粘膜损伤的疗效观察

目的探讨不同抗酸措施在防治服用非甾体类抗炎药患者的胃粘膜损伤中的作用。方法选择2004年1月-2006年11月我院门诊风湿性疾病患者120例,随机分为3组,均维持原来治疗方案,继续服用NSAIDs 3个月。同时,为防治胃粘膜损伤,A组应用奥美拉唑20 mg,口服,1次/d。B组应用雷尼替丁150 mg,2次/d,铝碳酸镁嚼片2 g,2次/d口服。C组应用雷尼替丁150 mg,2次/d。3组观察时间为3个月。观察胃粘膜损伤以及上消化道症状的发生率。结果A、B组较C组胃粘膜损伤的发生率以及上消化道症状发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。结论对服用非甾体类抗炎药患者,服用奥美拉唑或雷尼替丁+铝碳酸镁较服用雷尼替丁有更好的防治胃粘膜损伤的作用。     

球面托槽和传统托槽作用下口腔黏膜的生物力学研究

目的 通过三维有限元分析探索在球面托槽以及传统托槽的作用下口腔黏膜的力学反应。 方法 建立上唇组织-中切牙-托槽的三维有限元模型。 根据中切牙不同排列情况设计 4 个模拟案例,分析滑动的上唇组织分别在球面托槽以及传统托槽作用下的应力、应变情况。 结果 牙齿平齐时,球面托槽对口腔黏膜的最大应力较传统托槽大;切牙发生近中扭转 15°、30°以及唇侧倾斜 15°时,传统托槽情况下口腔黏膜最大应力均大于球面托槽最大应力。 结论 具有圆滑外形的球面托槽比方形传统托槽更契合牙列不齐正畸患者口腔软组织的功能运动,建议改善方形托槽的外形设计以降低口腔黏膜组织的力学反应。     

脾虚泄泻患者肠粘膜中SP和VIP初步探讨

本研究用放射免疫技术对30例脾虚泄泻患者回肠末端、横结肠和乙状结肠粘膜中 P 物质(SP)和血管活性肠肽(VIP)进行测定,发现脾虚泄泻组回肠末端 SP 含量(120.95±90.70pg/mg 湿重)较无腹泻组(47.86±35.49pg/mg 湿重)和非脾虚泄泻组(52.50±42.49pg/mg 湿重)显著增加;脾虚泄泻组乙状结肠粘膜 VIP 含量(510.63±265.22pg/mg 湿重)较无腹泻组(308.67±204.49pg/mg 湿重)也显著增加;与非脾虚泄泻组比较(398.97±240.80pg/mg 湿重)有增加趋势,但无统计学差异,提示 SP 和 VIP 可能与脾虚泄泻的腹泻症状有关。根据脾虚临床表现和 VIP 的功能,脾虚泄泻中 VIP 可能起更重要作用。