美洛西林钠的HPLC测定

建立了测定美洛西林钠的HPLC法.采用Shim-packCLC-ODS为色谱柱,甲醇-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液-10%氢氧化四乙基铵溶液-水(403∶200∶3∶394,用磷酸调节pH值至5.5±0.1)为流动相,流速1.0ml/min,检测波长230nm.美洛西林钠在200～1995μg/ml浓度范围内其峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系,r=0.9999.方法平均回收率为99.29%,RSD0.41%.     

Comparative in vitvo activity of ticarcillin,piperacillin, azlocillin and mezlocillin

Summary

The in vitro activity of ticarcillin, piperacillin, azlocillin and mezlocillin was determined against 403 clinical isolates. At MIC₅₀, piperacillin was 2 to 8 times more active than the other three compounds against Pseudomonas, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter and Salmonella species. Against Klebsi-ella, Enterobacter, Haemophilus, Bacteroides spp. and non-β-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus the activity of piperacillin was similar to one or more of the most effective agents. However, azlocillin and mezlocillin were more active than piperacillin against enterococci. Ticarcillin was the least active in vitro. Despite these significant differences at MIC₅₀ amongst the four compounds, they became much less discernible at MIC₉₀, obviously due to β-lactamase producing strains under study. The spectrum of activity of piperacillin encompasses those of azlocillin and mezlocillin together except for Gram-positive organisms.     

美洛西林钠在果糖注射液和转化糖注射液中的稳定性考察

目的 考察美洛西林钠在果糖注射液和转化糖注射液中的稳定性.方法采用高效液相色谱法测定美洛西林钠与果糖注射液和转化糖注射液配伍一定时间后的含量.并观察其外观、pH值的变化.结果美洛西林钠与这两种注射液配伍,6h内其含量变化不大,溶液澄清,PH值稳定.结论 美洛西林钠可与果糖注射液和转化糖注射液配伍使用.     

美洛西林钠皮试液稳定性考察及有效期预测

目的 考察美洛西林钠皮试液的稳定性及有效贮存期。方法 采用经典恒温试验法及留样观察法考察外观及pH值变化，紫外分光光度法测定其中美洛西林钠含量。结果 皮试液室温（25℃）有效期为20d，夏季（37℃）有效期为6d，与留样观察结果基本一致。结论 美洛西林钠皮试液在室温下20d内稳定。     

注射用美洛西林钠与注射用奥硝唑存在配伍禁忌

<正>注射用美洛西林钠,为白色或类白色的粉末或结晶或疏松块状物。适用于大肠埃希菌、肠道杆菌、变形杆菌等革兰阴性杆菌等敏感菌株所致的呼吸系统、泌尿系统、消化系统等感染。注射用奥硝唑,为白色的粉末或疏松块状物。适用于治疗脆弱拟杆菌、狄式拟杆菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、真杆菌、消化链球菌、幽门螺旋杆菌等敏感厌氧菌所引起的包括盆腔感染、腹腔感染、口腔感染、外科感染、败血症、脑部感染等严重的感染性疾病。我科2013年6月     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

磷酸川芎嗪注射剂与注射用美洛西林舒巴坦钠存在配伍禁忌

磷酸川芎嗪注射剂为白色的粉剂,主要用于冠心病的治疗,其作用是活血化瘀、营养心肌。美洛西林舒巴坦钠是白色粉剂,用于呼吸道、泌尿生殖系统、腹腔等感染。因此,在冠心病伴肺部感染的病人中常联合应用。2009年4月我科在序贯输入两种药物时发现两种药物存在配伍禁忌,而两种药物说明书均无相关的配伍禁忌记录,为引起医务人员的重视,现报告如下。     

美洛西林与头孢呋肟治疗淋病的对照研究

目的对新药美洛西林以头孢呋肟为对照药 ,观察治疗淋病的临床疗效。方法选择临床诊断为无合并症淋病成年患者 ,采用随机对照观察方法。结果美洛西林组的痊愈率(75 %)略高于头孢呋肟组(70 %)、有效率均为100 % ;不良反应发生率较低、症状轻微。结论美洛西林可作为治疗淋病的有效而安全的抗生素。     

美洛西林与头孢呋辛治疗细菌性感染的成本-效果分析

目的 :探讨不同抗生素治疗细菌性感染所产生的经济效果。方法 :根据文献选择各种细菌性感染的病人 12 0例 ,随机分为美洛西林组和头孢呋辛组分别给予治疗 ,运用药物经济学的成本 效果分析方法进行分析评价。结果 :美洛西林在治疗呼吸道感染和泌尿道感染其成本 /效果比 (治愈率 :51±11和 36± 8;有效率 :39± 8和 2 8± 7)均低于头孢呋辛 (治愈率 :57± 16和 52± 8;有效率 :4 1± 11和 30± 5)。结论 :美洛西林在治疗呼吸道和泌尿道感染方面优于头孢呋辛 ,是一种成本 效果较好的药物。