人胚胎纤维母细胞体外培养及其在遗传毒理学研究上的应用

人胚纤维母细胞在体外培养条件下,生长良好。群体倍增时间为1.93～2.36天;饱和密度3.5～4.4×10~4/cm~2培养面积;成集落效率0.7～3.3%;细胞周期为16.8小时,其中G_17.43小时,Ts5.2小时,TG_21.8小时,Tm2.37小时。HEF 在1640、199或加强Dulbecco Eagle 培养基添加10%小牛血清获良好生长。添加2%小牛血清加上10%羊水,对于HEF 生长支持作用与添加10%小牛血清相近,表明羊水中含有支持人类细胞体外生长的因子.HEF 具有容易培养,对遗传毒作用反应敏感等优点。可用于多种遗传毒理学研究·镍与砷化合物对HEF 显示了有明确剂量反应关系的细胞遗传学效应.     

肝脏疾病患者血浆胍类化合物含量的变化

作者采用安息香为柱前荧光衍生剂的高效液相层析法检测几种肝病患者血浆中胍类化合物的含量。结果表明,血浆中胍基乙酸在肝硬化等重症肝病时显著升高,在其它肝病时未见明显变化;血浆中其它胍类化合物在几种肝病时均未见明显的改变。肝病时血浆胍类化合物的变化与其它常见肝功能指标的变化没有显著相关性。     

Test Methods for Antifungal Agents—a Critical Review/ Wirksamkeitsuntersuchungen an antimykotischen Substanzen

Summary: The research for new antimycotic agents is markedly hampered by a lack of alternative fungus-specific test methods in vitro and a limited number of reproducible infection models in vivo.
Present day standard in-vitro-tests methods for the determination of the MIC originate from bacteriology and are more suited for protocaryotic, single cell and identical replicating bacteria than for eucaryotic multicellular fungal elements which show marked morphological and physiological differences between their saprophytic and parasitic life forms.
With aid of some azole derivatives discrepancies between the in vitro and in vivo activities of antimycotic agents are demonstrated, and possible new test methods are discussed.
Zusammenfassung: Die Suche nach neuen Antimykotika wird zunehmend behindert durch einen Mangel an alternativen Testmethoden in vitro und in vivo. Die seit ca. 30 Jahren in der Antimykotika-Prüfung üblichen In-vitro-Testmethoden—Reihenverdfinnungs- und Agardiffu-sionstests—wurden mit nur geringen Variationen der Testbedingungen aus der Bakteriologie übernommen.
Sie sind—bedingt—geeignet zur Testung protocaryontischer, einzelliger und identisch replizierender Mikroorganismen, zeigen aber zunehmende Schwächen bei der Testung eucaryontisch mehrzelliger und zur Differenzierung fähiger Pilzelemente, besonders bei filamentös wachsenden Pilzen. MHK-Wertbestimmungen von Antimykotika werden dadurch zunehmend fragwürdig als Prädiktionsdaten für klinische Wirkungen. An ausgewählten Beispielen werden Probleme der Antimykotika-Testung in vitro und Möglichkeiten für neue Testverfahren dargestellt.     

氚标记阿片受体配基N-烯丙基-6,14-内乙烯撑基-7α-二(β-氯乙基)胺甲基四氢奥利文的制备

N-烯丙基-6,14-内乙烯撑基-7α-二(β-氯乙基)胺甲基四氢奥利文(简称A-α-CMO)是新设计合成的阿片受体不可逆配基。本文以蒂巴因为原料通过八步有机合成反应制得A-α-CMO的炔丙基前体(Ⅵ),然后通氚气部分还原反应制备~3H-A-α-CMO,经氚核磁共振测定,氚标记位置在N-烯丙基上。纯化后,~3H-A-α-CMO的放化纯度为96％以上,放射性比度为1.332TBq/mmol,初步放射受体分析显示,特异结合与非特异结合之比为5.6:1。     

重质石油中含氮化合物的形态及分布分析V^＋

用柱层析一步法分离富集胜利减二线油样中的酸性氮化合物，用１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸及３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸萃取碱性氮化合物，以色／质联用技术结合质谱，质量色谱，谱库检索及Ｌｅ４保留指数对照等对各氮化合物进行定性鉴定。     

稀土化合物对MNNG致穿梭质粒pSP189突变的影响

为探讨稀土抗诱变作用机理，本研究以穿梭质粒ｐＳＰ１８９，经具致癌作用的烷化剂甲基硝基亚硝基胍（ＭＮＮＧ）或ＭＮＮＧ加柠檬酸稀土同时处理后，转染猴肾ＶｅｒｏＥ６细胞，从细胞中回收的质粒转化大肠杆菌ＭＢＭ７０７０。结果表明，ＭＮＮＧ浓度在１．５～６．０μｇ／ｍｌ范围，突变率明显的高于溶剂对照。稀土浓度分别为１０，２０及４０μｇ／ｍｌ与３μｇ／ｍｌＭＮＮＧ同时处理质粒，发现突变率分别为１５．２×１０－４、１０．０×１０－４及１２．７×１０－４，明显低于ＭＮＮＧ单独处理时的２５．１×１０－４，推测稀土可能阻断ＭＮＮＧ引起的Ｇ．Ｃ→Ａ．Ｔ转换，保护质粒ｐＳＰ１８９的靶基因ＳｕｐＦｔＲＮＡ免受损伤或影响某些基因表达。     

甾体-双膦酸酯化合物的合成及防治骨质疏松作用研究

双膦酸盐有趋骨性并有抗骨质疏松症活性。甾体激素常用于骨质疏松症的防治。本文设计合成了7个甾体-双膦酸酯偶合物,希望新化合物既有趋骨性又有协同抗骨质疏松作用,能得到疗效好副作用小的骨靶向化合物的先导物。经骨细胞培养试验表明,化合物有促进骨形成作用。     

Levels of β-HCH,HCB, p,p′-DDE,p,p′-DDT and PCBs in human milk from a continental town in Croatia,Yugoslavia

Summary Concentrations of -HCH, HCB, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDT and PCBs were determined by gas chromatography in 50 human milk samples collected from the general population during 1981/1982 in a continental town in Croatia (Yugoslavia). The samples were collected between one and 22 weeks after delivery from mothers breast-feeding one child only. The mothers' age was 18 to 31 years, and they were nursing their first or second child. All 50 samples contained -HCH, HCB, p,p-DDE and PCBs, whereas p,p-DDT was present in 37 samples. The concentrations of -HCH, HCB, p,p-DDE, p,p-DDT and PCBs expressed on a whole milk basis were (median in g/kg): 11, 7.1, 67, 7.3 and 22 respectively, and expressed on a fat basis (median in mg/kg): 0.28, 0.21, 1.9, 0.18 and 0.62 respectively. The fat content was 3.7% (median). PCBs were present in a mixture containing penta-, hexa- and heptachlorobiphenyls.     

地铁车厢内挥发性有机物污染水平及对健康人群心电指标的影响

目的研究地铁内总挥发性有机物(total volatile organic compounds,TVOC)污染水平及其对健康人群心电指标的影响。方法选取某地铁线路,以39名健康大学生为研究对象,实时监测地铁车厢内的TVOC等污染物水平,同步采集动态心电图。采用混合效应模型分析地铁内TVOC对健康人群的心电指标的影响。结果被研究的地铁线路车厢内TVOC浓度中位数为408.0μg/m^3。研究对象的TVOC暴露2 h滑动平均浓度每升高1个四分位间距(inter quartile range,IQR=85.0μg/m^3),心率增加11.8次/分,男性低频功率降低45.9%。结论被研究的地铁线路车厢内TVOC污染水平较高,可对年轻健康人群心脏自主神经功能造成一定影响,且男性对TVOC暴露的敏感性更高。     

Iodine Status and Thyroid Function in a Group of Seaweed Consumers in Norway

Seaweeds, or macroalgae, may be a good dietary iodine source but also a source of excessive iodine intake. The main aim in this study was to describe the iodine status and thyroid function in a group of macroalgae consumers. Two urine samples were collected from each participant (n = 44) to measure urinary iodine concentration (UIC) after habitual consumption of seaweed. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT₄), free triiodothyronine (fT₃), and peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb), were measured in a subgroup (n = 19). A food frequency questionnaire and an iodine-specific 24 h recall were used to assess iodine intake and macroalgae consumption. The median (p25–p75) UIC was 1200 (370–2850) μg/L. Median (p25–p75) estimated dietary iodine intake, excluding macroalgae, was 110 (78–680) μg/day, indicating that seaweed was the major contributor to the iodine intake. TSH levels were within the reference values, but higher than in other comparable population groups. One third of the participants used seaweeds daily, and sugar kelp, winged kelp, dulse and laver were the most common species. Labelling of iodine content was lacking for a large share of the products consumed. This study found excessive iodine status in macroalgae consumers after intake of dietary seaweeds. Including macroalgae in the diet may give excessive iodine exposure, and consumers should be made aware of the risk associated with inclusion of macroalgae in their diet.