汉防己甲素对急性百草枯中毒致肺损伤的实验治疗研究

目的 探讨汉防己甲素(TET)对急性百草枯中毒所致肺损伤的拮抗作用.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(7只)、未治疗组(32只)和治疗组(32只).治疗组与未治疗组大鼠用百草枯(15 mg/kg)一次性腹腔注射染毒.治疗组于百草枯染毒后6 h经口给予汉防己甲素30 mg/kg,1次/d;未治疗组给予等体积的生理盐水;对照组一次性腹腔注射等体积生理盐水.分别测定不同处理后3、7、14和21 d时大鼠血浆和肺匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力,并观察肺组织结构改变.结果 染毒3 d时,未治疗组血浆及匀浆中MDA含量分别为(3.65±0.44)nmol/ml、(9.54±0.92)nmol/mgpro,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);未治疗组3 d时血浆和3、7 d时匀浆中GSH-Px活力与对照组相比明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);未治疗组3 d时血浆和14 d时匀浆中的SOD活力与对照组相比明显降低.差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);各时点治疗组血浆、匀浆中MDA含量与未治疗组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).3 d时治疗组血浆SOD活力与未治疗组相比明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).治疗组血浆中GSH-Px活力虽均高于未治疗组,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗组肺纤维组织积分均低于未治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 TET对急性百草枯中毒大鼠血浆中SOD和GSH-Px活力降低有一定的拮抗作用,可减轻肺纤维化.     

Preclinical evaluation for noninvasive reversal following long-term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride in langur monkeys

A preclinical evaluation for reversal through a noninvasive approach following long-term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) has been attempted in langur monkeys at the level of semen parameters, sperm functional tests, semen biochemistry, histology and ultrastructure of reproductive organs, hematology and serum clinical biochemistry including antisperm antibodies (ASA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone. Noninvasive reversal through palpation, percutaneous squeezing and electrical stimulation, forced vibratory movements and suprapubic percussion in the inguinal segments and per-rectal digital massage was attempted in seven langur monkeys after 540 days following vas occlusion. The results revealed instant azoospermia reversal on the same day of reversal with impaired sperm quality, which showed gradual improvement and normospermia with normal motility and viability after 60-90 days of reversal. Sperm functional tests, including ultrastructure of spermatozoa, indicative of sterility in the initial ejaculations, reached normalcy after 90-120 days of reversal. The seminal plasma biochemistry indicative of obstructive azoospermia regained a normal pattern after 90-120 days of reversal. The morphology of testes that showed focal degeneration during 540 days of vas occlusion and that of vasa deferentia that showed exfoliation of epithelial cells resumed to normal morphology comparable with control animals after 150 days of reversal. The morphology of the epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate did not show appreciable changes following vas occlusion and after noninvasive reversal compared with those of control animals. Hematology, serum clinical chemistry, ASA, PSA and testosterone fluctuated within control limits, indicating safety of the procedure at the level of accessory reproductive organs. The results suggest that noninvasive reversal is feasible even after long-term vas occlusion with SMA and is safe without adverse side effects.     

Safety evaluation of long-term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride and its non-invasive reversal on accessory reproductive organs in langurs

Aim: To evaluate the safety of the long term vas occlusion with styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) and its non-invasive reversal at the level of accessory reproductive glands (ARGs) in langurs. Methods: The morphology of seminal vesicle and ventral prostate was evaluated by light as well as transmission electron microscopy. Serum clinical chemistry and urine albumin were evaluated in an autoanalyzer using reagent kits. Fructose, acid phosphatase and zinc in the seminal plasma were evaluated spectrophotometrically according to the WHO manual. Serum testosterone,prostate specific antigen and sperm antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using reagent kits and hematology was estimated according to standard procedures. Results: The morphological features and secretory activity of the seminal vesicle and prostate were normal as evidenced by the presence of well-developed mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, secretory granules and normal nuclear characteristics throughout the course of investigation. Serum testosterone and prostate specific antigen remained unaltered and serum antisperm antibodies level presented negative titres. Urine albumin was nil. Total red blood corpuscles (RBC), white blood corpuscles (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and red cell indices, serum protein, glucose, cholesterol,creatinine, creatine kinase (CK), serum glutamate oxalate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bilirubin, urea, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) did not show appreciable changes following vas occlusion and after its non-invasive reversal. Although fructose, acid phosphatase (ACP) and zinc in the seminal plasma showed a significant reduction following vas occlusion, it could not be related to the morphology of seminal vesicle and prostate. Conclusion: SMA vas occlusion and its non-invasive reversal do not damage the accessory reproductive organs.     

Antioxidant activity of Ganoderma lucidum in acute ethanol-induced heart toxicity

The hot water extract of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidum was shown to have antioxidative effect against heart toxicity. Investigations into the mechanisms of action, level of lipid peroxidation level in vivo, and superoxide scavenging activity were also conducted. The mice were divided into six groups with ten animals in each group. Ganoderma lucidum, at doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg (p.o.) was administered. Superoxide anions were assayed by UV spectrophotometer using the cytochrome C reduction method. The results of this study showed that Ganoderma lucidum exhibited a dose-dependent antioxidative effect on lipid peroxidation and superoxide scavenging activity in mouse heart homogenate. Additionally, this result indicated that heart damage induced by ethanol shows a higher malonic dialdehyde level compared with heart homogenate treated with Ganoderma lucidum. It is concluded that the antioxidative activity may therefore contribute to the cardioprotective effect of Ganoderma lucidum, and may therefore protect the heart from superoxide induced damage.     

Hepatic vascular side effects of styrene maleic acid neocarzinostatin in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Styrene-maleic acid neocarzinostatin (SMANCS) sometimes causes hepatic vascular side effects, including arterial stricture, obstruction, and arterio-portal shunt. A total of 128 intra-arterial SMANCS injection treatments, performed for 89 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, were analyzed to determine the relationship between angiographic findings and subsequent hepatic vascular injuries. After SMANCS therapy, hepatic arterial stricture or obstruction occurred in 5 patients (5/128; 3.9%), arterio-portal shunting in 12 (12/128; 9.4%), liver shrinkage in 4 (4/128; 3.1%), and cholangitis or biloma in 2 (2/128; 1.6%). Among 23 patients whose plain abdominal X-ray films just after SMANCS injection showed Lipiodol retention in the hepatic artery, 5 patients developed arterial obstruction, 10 developed arterio-portal shunt, and 2, cholangitis or biloma. Among 26 patients with Lipiodol retention in the portal vein, 4 developed hepatic lobe atrophy with aggravation of liver function. Among 3 patients with Lipiodol retention in both the hepatic artery and the portal vein, 1 developed arterio-portal shunt. In 76 treatments without excessive Lipiodol retention, only 1 of the patients developed arterio-portal shunt. Excessive retention of Lipiodol in hepatic vascular beds just after SMANCS therapy was significantly associated with future vascular side effects (22/52 vs 1/76; P < 0.0001). Lipiodol retention in arteries just after SMANCS injection was closely associated with subsequent arterial obstruction or arterio-portal shunt, and Lipiodol retention in the portal vein was related to subsequent hepatic lobe atrophy. Received: April 28, 1999 / Accepted: November 26, 1999     

苯氧化制顺丁烯二酸酐的反应动力学

用V_2O_5为活性组分的SD固体催化剂,在等温积分反应器中研究了文题。实验在工业生产操作条件下进行,用氧化还原动力学模型进行参数估值,给出了苯氧化反应动力学参数,该参数可用于反应器模拟计算。     

Effect of Dialdehyde Dextran on Structural Changes in the Liver and Lungs during Chronic BCG Granulomatosis

Male BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally infected with BCG vaccine. Cytomorphological changes in BCG granulomas of the liver and lungs were compared during spontaneous tuberculous inflammation and after intraperitoneal injection of dialdehyde dextran for 5 months. Administration of dialdehyde dextran to mice infected with mycobacteria of BCG vaccine was followed by a decrease in the number and size of BCG granulomas in organs, contributed to the increase in the count of fibroblasts in hepatic and pulmonary granulomas, decreased the severity of destructive changes in the liver parenchyma, promoted reparative processes in hepatocytes, and reduced the degree of fibrosis in the liver and lungs due to a decrease in fibroplastic activity of fibroblasts in BCG granulomas. Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Suppl. 1, pp. 113–115, 2008     

Therapeutic Efficacy and Hepatotoxicity of a Composition of Isoniazid and Dialdehyde Dextran Obtained by Radiochemical Oxidation of Dextran

Tuberculous granulomas were found in all parenchymal organs of mice infected with mycobacteria of BCG vaccine. The number and size of hepatic granulomas decreased, while the count of degenerated and necrobiotic hepatocytes in infected animals increased 3 months after the start of therapy with a composition of isoniazid and dialdehyde dextran. The composition of isoniazid and dialdehyde dextran obtained by radiochemical oxidation of dextran had greater therapeutic efficacy and lower hepatotoxicity. Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Suppl. 1, pp. 73–75, 2008     

Safety assessment of a novel ingredient for removable chewing gum

Rev7™ is an indigestible gum polymer used for the manufacturing of chewing gum. It allows for the formulation of chewing gum with low adhesion; thus can be readily removed from surfaces such as sidewalks, clothing, carpets and furniture. In a toxicological safety assessment, Rev7™ was found to be non-mutagenic in the AMES assay. The highest concentration tested in a mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase locus gene mutation assay induced a slight but biologically relevant increase in mutations under non-metabolic activation conditions after 24 h. Because of this finding, a mouse micronucleus assay was performed, and the test article was found to be negative for inducing chromosomal damage. A 28-day repeated oral toxicity study resulted in a NOAEL of 80,000 ppm; the highest concentration tested. Rev7™ was found to be free from contaminants such as heavy metals, monomers, and solvents. Lastly, Rev7™ did not demonstrate skin-sensitizing properties in the murine local lymph node assay.