聚酯型儿茶素的抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用

目的：研究聚酯型儿茶素（ＴＳ）对小鼠移植瘤的抑制作用及对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：应用小鼠艾氏腹水癌实体型、小鼠Ｓ１８０肉瘤和肝癌Ｈ２２３种模型进行了ＴＳ的抗肿瘤作用研究;应用小鼠迟发型超敏反应模型、小鼠碳粒廓清试验及脾淋巴细胞增殖试验研究了 ＴＳ对荷Ｓ１８０小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果：４００、２００、５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ＴＳ对小鼠艾氏腹水癌实体型瘤生长有明显抑制作用;常规灌胃给药对小鼠Ｓ１８０和肝癌Ｈ２２的生长无明显抑制作用,但预防给药则对小鼠Ｓ１８０和肝癌Ｈ２２的生长有明显抑制作用,各组抑瘤率均大于 ３０％。５０、１００、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ ＴＳ可使荷瘤小鼠降低的迟发性超敏反应恢复正常;亦可使荷瘤小鼠碳粒廓清指数 Ｋ和吞噬指数α值显著提高;还可明显增强荷瘤小鼠脾Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖反应。结论：ＴＳ对小鼠移植瘤有明显抑制作用,同时可增强荷瘤小鼠降低的免疫功能。     

A Corpus Luteum Is Not a Prerequisite for the Expression of Progesterone Induced Blocking Factor by T-Lymphocytes a Week After Implantation

Purpose: To determine if production of the immunomodulatory protein, progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF), requires merely progesterone or whether other factors made by the corpus luteum are required. Methods: The percentage of peripheral lymphocytes expressing PIBF was determined by obtaining a blood sample from women 9–12 days after embryo transfer. The embryos were either fresh ones following hyperstimulation and oocyte retrieval or were frozen-thawed embryos. Preparation for frozen embryo transfer required corpus luteum suppression with exogenous estrogen. The percentage of lymphocytes expressing PIBF was determined by an immunocytochemistry method. Results: PIBF expression (>1%) was found in 20.5% of COH and 13.3% of frozen embryo transfer cycles. There either was a significant difference or a trend for higher pregnancy rates when PIBF expression was detected. Conclusions: These data corroborate previous conclusions that PIBF is detected in a minority of women in the late luteal phase. A corpus luteum is not required for its expression.     

The Immunomodulatory Properties of β-2,6 Fructans: A Comprehensive Review

Polysaccharides such as β-2,1-linked fructans including inulin or fructose oligosaccharides are well-known prebiotics with recognised immunomodulatory properties. In recent years, other fructan types covering β-2,6-linked fructans, particularly microbial levans, have gained increasing interest in the field. β-2,6-linked fructans of different degrees of polymerisation can be synthesised by plants or microbes including those that reside in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for these β-2,6 fructans in modulating immune function. Here, we provide an overview of the sources and structures of β-2,6 fructans from plants and microbes and describe their ability to modulate immune function in vitro and in vivo along with the suggested mechanisms underpinning their immunomodulatory properties. Further, we discuss the limitations and perspectives pertinent to current studies and the potential applications of β-2,6 fructans including in gut health.     

黄蜀葵茎叶多糖的乙酰化修饰及其免疫调节活性研究

目的?应用乙酰化修饰方法与技术进行黄蜀葵茎叶多糖的结构修饰,并评价其体外免疫调节活性,以期为黄蜀葵茎叶废弃物的资源化利用提供思路和科学依据。方法?采用水提醇沉法及DEAE-52离子交换法制备黄蜀葵茎叶粗多糖（SLAMP）和中性多糖（SLAMP-a）,应用乙酸酐法制备3种乙酰化修饰产物（SLAMP-a1、SLAMP-a2、SLAMP-a3）,且通过化学组成分析、柱前衍生HPLC法以及红外光谱法对多糖结构进行初步鉴定;此外,通过考察SLAMP-a及其3种乙酰化修饰产物对脾淋巴细胞体外增殖及RAW264.7释放NO的影响,评价四种多糖的免疫调节活性。结果?SLAMP-a总糖含量为99.76%,无体外免疫调节活性;3种修饰产物中,只有SLAMP-a1具有显著的刺激脾细胞增殖作用及激活RAW264.7产生NO。SLAMP-a1总糖含量为82.50%,取代度为0.62,主要由葡萄糖组成,且含有少量的甘露糖、半乳糖及阿拉伯糖。结论?黄蜀葵茎叶多糖SLAMP-a经乙酰化修饰后,可显著提高体外免疫调节活性,SLAMP-a1有望开发成免疫调节剂,且乙酰化修饰方法与技术可作为黄蜀葵茎叶多糖资源化利用的有效途径。      

构树总黄酮对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨构树总黄酮（total flavonoids of Broussonetia papyrifera,TFBP）对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法 用环磷酰胺复制免疫抑制模型并随机分为模型组、构树总黄酮高、中、低剂量组（200,100,50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）,以正常小鼠为空白对照组。分别于饲喂构树总黄酮后第10天和第30天采样,检测白细胞含量、腹腔巨细胞吞噬功能、T、B淋巴细胞转化率、血清IgG含量及BSA抗体水平。结果 与模型组比较,饲喂TFBP的高、中、低剂量组小鼠的白细胞含量、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能、T、B淋巴细胞转化率、BSA抗体水平和血清IgG均显著升高（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）,随着TFBP剂量的增加,上述免疫指标与空白对照组相近。结论 构树总黄酮能显著改善环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能。     

Pharmacokinetics of the immunomodulatory 1,2-O-isopropylidene-3-O-3′-(N′,N′-dimethyl-amino-n-propyl)-D-glucofuranose hydrochloride in normal human volunteers

1,2-O-Isopropylidene-3-O-3(N,N-dimethyl-amino-n-propyl)-D-glucofuranose hydrochloride, I, is a substituted sugar with claimed immunomodulatory action. Pharmacokinetic studies in 10 volunteers (bolus i.v., 100 mg) showed respective half-lives for each exponential in the sum of two exponentials that characterized plasma level decay with time of 4.6 ± 0.4 (SEM) min, t_1/2(₁), and 244±20 min, t_1/2(₂)), The total and renal clearances were 277±20 and 2S4±18 (SEM) ml/min, indicative of tubular secretion. Urinary recovery was 93 ± 2%. The estimated volumes of distribution of the central compartment and overall equilibrated tissues were 14.7±1.9 and 96±8 liters, respectively. Sequential daily oral administration of large amounts in capsules (1.2, 2.1, 2.9, 4.1, and 5.0 g) permitted an estimate of 63±4 (SEM)% bioavailability from urinary recovery of drug, with estimated terminal half-lives of 454 ± 25 min from minimal data. Orally administered 2.03 g showed a rapid absorption (t_1/2=10 min) after a lag time of 23 min, and a terminal plasma half-life of 344 min. Plasma protein binding of I was negligible. The erythrocyte/plasma water partition coefficient was close to unity.     

皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤的治疗选择

皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤是一种少见的淋巴细胞增生性疾病,依据疾病的分类及分期不同,治疗选择有很大差异性。多数的皮肤T细胞淋巴瘤病程进展缓慢,诸如早期的蕈样肉芽肿和淋巴瘤样丘疹病,只需要选择皮肤局部治疗的方案。侵袭性或顽固性如Sézary综合征、复发性CTCL等,则需系统治疗,包括化疗。本文对国内现有药物及最新治疗方法进行综述。     

Treatment of COVID‐19 with pentoxifylline: Could it be a potential adjuvant therapy?

The world is facing a viral pandemic of a new coronavirus called COVID‐19. Pentoxifylline is a methyl‐xanthine derivative and it inhibits the phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV). This drug is known for its unique features as an immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory agent, also it could have antiviral affects. This is a scoping review, in which all related articles on COVID‐19 and the probable benefits of Pentoxifylline against COVID‐19 pathogenesis, in Medline, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar up to 20 March 2020 with proper keywords including: pentoxifylline, Pentoxil, COVID‐19, coronavirus, treatment, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antifibrosis, oxygenation, circulation, bronchodilator, ARDS, and organ failure. We found many confirmatory data on proper efficacy of pentoxifylline on controlling COVID‐19 and its consequences. The antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidative, immune‐modulatory, bronchodilator and respiratory supportive effects and protective roles in organ failures of PTX, along with its main functions means better circulation‐oxygenation properties, low price and safety, make it a promising drug to be considered for COVID‐19 treatment, especially as an adjuvant therapy in combination with other drugs.