高脂血清对猪主动脉内皮细胞结构与抗血栓功能的损伤作用

采用高脂血清（HLS）培养猪主动脉内皮细胞（EC）。观察HLS对EC结构与抗血栓功能的影响。结果表明：HLS可激发EC的脂质过氧化过程，使培养液中脂质过氧化物（LPO）升高，造成EC形态结构受损。同时使EC产生前列环素（PGI_2）含量减少，纤溶酶原激活物（PA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（PAI）活性降低。提示：HLS培养可使EC结构及抗血栓功能受损，与冠脉病变相似。因此该模型适宜于研究冠心病。     

吴茱萸碱对高脂血症小鼠血脂水平及血液黏稠度的影响

目的:观察吴茱萸碱对高脂血症小鼠血脂水平及血液黏稠度的影响。方法:将60只小鼠随机分出12只为正常组,其余48只进行造模,将造模成功的40只小鼠随机分为对照洛伐他汀组、模型组、吴茱萸碱高剂量组和吴茱萸碱低剂量组,每组各10只。给药组每天早上灌高脂饲料20 m L·(kg·d)~(-1),下午灌药:吴茱萸碱高剂量组给予吴茱萸碱溶液30 m L·(kg·d)~(-1),吴茱萸碱低剂量组给予吴茱萸碱溶液10 m L·(kg·d)~(-1);洛伐他汀组给予洛代他汀水溶液3 mg·(kg·d)~(-1),模型组给予高脂饲料20 m L·(kg·d)~(-1),正常组给予基础饲料。检测血清三酰甘油(three acyl glycerin,TG)、血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)含量和血液黏稠度。结果:与正常组比较,模型组TC、TG、LDL-C含量明显增高,HDL-C降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与模型组比较,洛伐他汀组和吴茱萸碱高剂量组TG、TC、LDL-C含量显著降低,HDL-C含量升高明显,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);吴茱萸碱低剂量组TG、TC、LDL-C含量变化不明显,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与模型组比较,洛伐他汀组、吴茱萸碱低剂量组及吴茱萸碱高剂量组血液黏稠度明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:吴茱萸碱具有降低高脂血症小鼠TC、TG、LDL-C及血液黏稠度,升高HDL-C的作用。     

Aortic Compliance in Hypercholesterolemic Watanabe Rabbits Compared to Normal New Zealand Controls

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that severe atherosclerosis changes aortic compliance. Compliance of a vessel is defined as change in volume per unit change in pressure and is a measure of the stiffness or distensibility of the vascular wall. Part of the energy delivered by the left ventricle in systole is used to propel the blood forward into the aorta and part of it to distend the aorta and major vessels. During diastole, the arterial walls recoil and provide energy for propulsion of blood, thereby making blood flow continuous. It is known that Watanabe hereditary hyperlipidemic rabbits develop severe atherosclerosis beginning at 6 months of age. Compliance of the ascending thoracic aorta was studied angiographically in eight Watanabe hereditary hyperlipidemic rabbits of ages greater than 6 months and six normal lipidemic New Zealand white rabbits of ages greater than 6 months, used as controls. The normal New Zealand white rabbits had an average blood cholesterol of 27.4 mg/dL, SD = 13.8, and a regional compliance in the ascending aorta of 0.004 mL/mm Hg, SD = 0.002, compared to the Watanabe hereditary hyperlipidemic rabbits with a cholesterol of 583.1 mg/dL, SD = 162.7, and a compliance of 0.0022 mL/mm Hg, SD = 0.0015. These are significant differences (p <. 05). In addition, the histopathology of the aorta of the Watanabe hyperlipidemic rabbit compared to that of the controls showed a significant decrease in the number of medial lamellar elastin units, an indicator of the decreased elasticity of the blood vessel wall.     

Rosiglitazone attenuates renal injury caused by hyperlipidemic pancreatitis

Hyperlipidemic pancreatitis (HP) is a serious inflammatory disease with very high mortality and multiple organ injuries including renal injury. Rosiglitazone (Ros), an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), was reported to show a protective role against pancreatitis. However, whether Ros has an effect on renal injury caused by HP is not yet clear. In the present study, the function of Ros was explored using ELISA, RT-PCR, western blot, PAS staining and immunohistochemistry. Results of this study showed that Ros could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and MAPK P38 signaling pathways, relieve inflammatory response and inhibit cell apoptosis, thus attenuating renal injury caused by HP. This study suggested that Ros might be a promising drug for the treatment of renal injury caused by HP and also laid theoretical foundation for the development of renal injury treatment.     

白藜芦醇对高脂饲养大鼠血液流变学的影响

摘要：目的：探讨白藜芦醇(Resveratrol)对高脂饲养大鼠血液流变学的影响。方法：将30只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC)、高脂组(HF)和白藜芦醇治疗组(Res)。16周后,检测各组大鼠血浆甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）和血液流变学指标。结果：与对照组相比,高脂组大鼠血浆TG和TC明显升高,全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞聚集指数、红细胞压积明显增大,红细胞变形指数减小;白藜芦醇能明显降低高脂大鼠血浆TG和TC水平(P<0.05),并且明显降低大鼠全血黏度(P<0.05)、血浆黏度(P<0.05)和红细胞聚集指数(P<0.05),提高红细胞变形指数(P<0.05)。结论：白藜芦醇改善高脂饲养大鼠的血液流变性可能与其降低血脂的功能有关。     

Endothelial haemostatic markers in members of families with familial combined hyperlipidemia

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of endothelial haemostatic markers - von Willebrand factor (vWF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) — in asymptomatic, nonsmoking members of families with familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). We investigated the association between these factors and the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery, selected risk factors of atherosclerosis and markers of insulin resistance.

Methods

82 members of 29 FCH families were divided into two groups: HL (probands and hyperlipidemic first-degree relatives, n = 47) and NL (normolipidemic first-degree relatives, n = 35). The control groups C-HL (n = 20) and C-NL (n = 20) consisted of sex- and age-matched healthy individuals. IMT was measured by ultrasound at a far wall of both common carotid arteries.

Results

Compared with healthy controls, hyperlipidemic subjects had significantly higher levels of vWF (146.4 ± 73.2% versus 112.2 ± 29.4%, p < 0.05), of PAI-1 (102.4[83.0-117.0] ng/ml versus 63.5[31.8-87.3] ng/ml, p < 0.01) and of t-PA (5.1[2.5-7.9] ng/ml versus 3.4[1.4-5.8] ng/ml, p < 0.05). They had increased IMT, which correlated with vWF (r = 0.29, p < 0.05). Their normolipidemic relatives had significantly higher levels of vWF (137.2 ± 42.8% versus 106.6 ± 24.0%, p < 0.01) and of PAI-1 (75.3[53.2-92.0] ng/ml versus 48.6[37.4-85.9] ng/ml, p < 0.05). Levels of vWF, PAI-l and t-PA were independently associated with several markers of insulin resistance.

Conclusions

Asymptomatic members of FCH families have increased endothelial haemostatic factors— vWF, PAI-1, t-PA, which are associated with insulin resistance. VWF correlates with morphological vascular changes, detected by the increase of IMT, presented in only hyperlipidemic subjects.     

Effect of an empowerment-based nutrition promotion program on food consumption and serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemic Thai elderly

Abstract   This quasi-experimental study examined the effects of an empowerment-based nutrition promotion program on food consumption and serum lipid levels among hyperlipidemic Thai elderly. Fifty-six experimental subjects received the program; 48 control subjects maintained their habitual lifestyle. The statistical methods used were the t -test, Z -test, and χ²/Fisher's exact test. After the program, the consumption of high saturated fat, cholesterol, and simple sugar diets was significantly lower for the experimental group than for the control group. The percentage change of the serum total cholesterol of the experimental subjects was significantly higher than that of the control subjects. The number of experimental subjects that changed from hyperlipidemia to normolipidemia significantly increased compared to that for the control subjects. The implementation of this program was related to an improvement in food consumption and serum lipid levels among hyperlipidemic Thai elderly and, therefore, has implications for practice.     

Anti‐diabetic and Anti‐hyperlipidemic Effects and Safety of Salacia reticulata and Related Species

Extracts of Salacia reticulata Wight (Hypocrataceae) roots, stems, and leaves have been used in Asia for hundreds of years for the folkloric treatment of diabetes and other health problems. Constituents that have been identified as exhibiting anti‐diabetic effects include salacinol, kotalanol, ponkorinol, salaprinol, and their corresponding de‐0‐sulfonated compounds. Mangiferin, kotalagenin 16‐acetate and various proanthocyanidin oligomers have also been isolated. Studies indicate that Salacia extracts modulate multiple targets that influence carbohydrate and lipid metabolism including α‐glucosidase, aldose reductase, pancreatic lipase, peroxisomal proliferator‐activated receptor‐α, glucose transporter‐4 mediated glucose uptake, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Furthermore, Salacia extracts exhibit free radical scavenging, antioxidant and hepatoprotectant activities. In human studies, Salacia extracts have been shown to decrease plasma glucose and insulin levels, decrease HbA1c, and modulate serum lipid levels with no adverse effects being reported. Similar results have been demonstrated in rat and mouse models as well as in vitro systems. Safety of S. reticulata and other Salacia species as S. oblonga and S. chinensis in rats and mice indicate that extracts are exceedingly safe. No clinical studies have examined the effects of Salacia extracts on human weight loss, although weight loss and decreases in weight gain have been demonstrated in animal models. Because of the large number of pharmacologically active compounds, it is difficult to establish standards for extracts. © 2015 The Authors. Phytotheraphy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

白芍总苷对家兔慢性高脂血症的脂质调节及抗脂质过氧化作用

目的 观察白芍总苷(Total glucosides of paeong ，ICP)对家兔脂质调节及抗脂质过氧化作用。方法 将32只家兔随机分成4组：正常饲料对照组、高脂饲料对照组、20mg／kg TGP高脂饲料组、40mg／kg TGP高脂饲料组。在实验第24d去掉高脂饲料给普通饲料，第42d实验结束。结果 TGP能够调节血清脂质和丙二醛(MDA)的含量，降低总胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比值，高剂量的TGP能升高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量。结论 TGP对家兔慢性高脂血症有调节作用，能有效抑制脂质过氧化反应。